According to the STCW 78/95, the minimum rest hour for a seaman is 10 hours every 24 hours.
61. How should you deal with the garbage on board on board the ship? MARPOL 73/78 provides for detailed regulations on garbage disposal. Usually, any shipping company should have its own Garbage Management Plan in its ISM documents. Usually, the Chief Engineer or the Chief Officer is the designated person in charge of carrying out the garbage disposal, but all crew on broad should follow the garbage management plan.
Garbage is disposed in fore steps, i.e. collection, separation, processing and disposal. The Chief Engineer or the Chief Officer should make clear records in the Garbage Record Book. The Master has to make sure the Garbage Record Book is available for checks at any time.
62. When navigating in restricted visibility or heavy traffic or in a close quarter, as the Master or duty officer, which ship do you think should reduce speed, or stop engine to avoid danger of collision?
According to COLREG 1972. Both ships should reduce speed if they think necessary. And anti-collision actions should be taken as early as possible. When navigating in restricted visibility, the Master must navigate the ship with safe speed and great caution.
船长和驾驶员应该能够用简单的英语表述出常用的避碰规则。
63. What is safety speed during sailing? What factors should you consider in deciding the speed of a vessel during sailing in the sea? The safe speed is the speed at which the vessel can take proper and effective actions to be stopped in a safe distance. The following factors should be taken into account to achieve safe speed: visibility, number of ships in the area, the ship’s maneuverability, wind force, sea tide and current, background lights, draught and available depth of water, proximity of navigational hazards, standard and operation of technical equipment on board, ice condition and so on.
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64. When navigating in a crossing situation, as master or duty officer, what anti-collision measures should be taken? When the vessels are proceed on head-on condition, what anti-collision rule should be observed? When a power-driven ship and sailing meet in the sea, what anti-collision rule should be observed?
When two power-driven ships are crossing, the ship which has the other ship on her own starboard side shall keep out of way. To do this, this ship can either alter course to starboard side or slow down her speed in order to avoid collision.
When tow power-driven ships are meeting head-on situation or near head-on situation, each ship shall alter course to starboard so that they can pass on the port side of each other at a safe distance.
When a ship sails at a higher speed overtakes another ship, the ship shall sails at higher speed or shall alter its course to avoid collision.
A power-driven ship shall keep out of the way of a sailing ship. This can be done either altering its course or speed up to avoid collision.
65. What routines should the relieving officers be familiar with when he comes for watch keeping?
The relieving officers should familiarize himself with all the equipment and condition of the ship, the visibility and weather condition, speed and current condition, instruction of the master and some other aspects to ensure the safety of the vessel as per company SMS.
66. Based on your experience, tell the sequence of actions to be taken when you encounter restricted visibility.
Switch on both radars of the vessel. Arrange additional lookout. Reduce to safe speed. Implement bridge team management as per the SMS.
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67. When the ship is loaded with general cargo, if the ship has several and different discharging ports, what precautions must be taken to ensure no short landing and over carriage of cargo?
To avoid the problems, I must ensure proper stowage and no broken stowage, proper and clear cargo separation markings, correct loading sequence, and good stability of the ship.
68. How do you handle the cargo damage caused by the stevedores? First I will check the seriousness of the damage. Second, I will discuss with the foreman responsible for the damage. Third, I will inform the tallyman and agent to replace the damaged cargo or make proper remarks on the cargo documents. Fourth, I will prepare a damage report as per the company SMS and advise the owner if a damage survey is needed. Fifth, I will ensure all evidence is in good order to protect the interests of the ship owner and its crew. Lastly, I will ensure the roper logbook entry.
69. Can you tell me some instances when you have to consult the ship owner or manager in relation to the instructions from the charterer or their representative?
Here are some instances: changes in sailing instructions, changes in cargo type/quantity/loading sequences, vessel not meeting the requirements of the speed and oil consumption clause, tec.
70. Under time charter party, based on your experience, what factors do you think can put the vessel off hire?
Breakdown of main machinery, incorrect or improper hold preparation which is not in compliance with the cargo fitness survey, major noncompliance to port state inspection, any delay caused by the owner and/or the crew. 71. Before grain loading, how should you prepare your holds for grain fitness?
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First, I should clean and wash the holds thoroughly in accordance with the grain fitness requirement so as to get rid of any residual and odor of the previous cargo. Second, I should make sure there is no scaling of paint and rust on the bulkheads. Third, I should also ensure that all cargo holds and hatches are watertight and dry.
72. What preparations should you make before your ship enters the dock yard? It depends on why my ship is dry-docking. Generally, I shall adjust the proper trim as per the dock’s requirement and prepare a detailed docking repair list as per the company’s instructions. I shall get all the certificates and classification records ready for reference.
73. If you are to prepare for load line survey, what items require your special attention?
I should pay attention to these items: certificates, watertight doors and manholes, rubber gaskets, ventilation flaps, cargo hold water-tightness and comings, bilge pump and ballast pump.
74. If you are to prepare you for safety equipment survey, what items should you check beforehand?
I shall check relevant certificates, lifeboat and other safety equipment, pyrotechnics (烟火报警工具), emergency fire pumps, fire hose, box and hydrant(消防栓) as well as other fire fighting and life saving appliances. 75. Why is stability important in loading s ship? What are the factors to be considered before loading to ensure stability of the ship after being loaded?
To achieve stability of the ship, I must ensure loading in compliance with safety requirement, existing rules, and relevant regulations, the safety of life at sea, protection of property and environment. Beside, I should also ensure proper towage and proper weight distribution.
76. In your opinion, what abilities should a Master possess?
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