A Master should be knowledgeable on the type of vessel he is running. He should be experienced on trade, navigation, cargo caring. He should have a good understanding of the international convention and regulations. He should, also have good crew management and crisis management skills. Lastly, he should set up an example in good leadership. 77. How do you decide to join a new company?
Before I decide to join a co, m, , pany, I will consider the following factors: company stability, working environment, salary, relations among employees, proper program of crew rotation, promotion and advancement and good management.
78. What are the functions of a B/L? What’s a clean B/L and what is an unclean B/L?
A B/L has three very important functions. It constitutes evidence of the terms of the terms of the contract of carriage – a promise to carry and deliver the cargo. It constitutes the apparent order, condition, and quantity or weight of goods at the time of shipment. It is also a document of title (property) of the cargo.
A clean B/L is one on which there is not any remark of cargo loss, shortage or damage. An unclean B/L is also called claused B/L, which carries some remarks of cargo damage, quantity shortage and so on.
79. What is back dated or anti-dated B/L? What is advanced B/L?
A bark-dated Bill of Lading is a one whose issuing date is earlier than the virtual loading completion date. An advanced B/L means a B/L that is signed and issued by the carrier before the completion of loading. Both backdated and advanced B/Ls will bring some dangers and liabilities to the shipowner and charterer. The master should be very cautious about these two types of B/Ls.
大副面试问题及参考答案
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大副是甲板上仅于船长的“第二把手”。大副的好坏直接关系到船舶、货物和人身安全。经验表明，船东在面试大副时也是相当严格和认真的。主要集中在货物的配载、装卸货、货物的保管、货物单据、管理能力等方面。而对于特种船来说，对有关货物装卸货的有关规定等也要熟知。此外，有关ISM/SMS及其他公约、PSC检查以及船东内外审时的提问也是一个非常重要的部分。
下面整理了一部分面试试题，供参考。我们建议，大副不但要准备下面的一些问题，也应该看看有关船长及二副和三副的有关问题，这样才能达到融会贯通的目的。
1. Can you tell me about your educational background and working experience? A reference answer:
I graduated from Jimei Navigation Collage in 1992. I studied there for three years. I have worked as a seaman on eight ships for nearly ten years. I have the experience of Chief Officer for two ships. I have worked both Chinese and foreign shipowners in the past ten years.
2. Can you tell me the responsibilities of the Chief Officer?
Under the leadership of the Master, the Chief Officer shall carry out the daily management of the deck department, and he is also responsible for cargo handling. The specific duties include:
(1) Watch-keeping from 0400~0800 hours and 1600~2000 hours. (2) Safety of the ship and work place, safety equipment. (3) Daily safety and sanitary inspection. (4) Store and spare parts inventory management. (5) Maintenance on deck. (6) Stowage plan making.
(7) Supervision of the loading and unloading process. (8) Cargo caring on board.
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(9) Some other work and designated by the master of the vessel. 3. Can you talk about the previous vessels (last vessel) you worked on board?
It was an ocean-going ship, but it mainly loaded cargoes in Asia and discharged in Europe. It was an old ship about 14 years old. But the general condition of the ship was quite good because we did very good maintenance work on board
4. What types of cargoes have ever been carried on board your last vessel? I have worked on bulk carriers and general cargo vessels and I have experienced a lot of cargo handling.
这是一个很重要的问题，因为大副的一个很重要职责便是货物管理。大副应该对不同货物的装卸、配载、保管、单据、保险等相关问题有所了解。
5. Where was your last vessel’s trading (plying, sailing) area? It was an ocean-going ship, but it mainly loaded cargos in Asia and
discharged in Europe. She has ever been to New Orleans, Long Beach, New York, Rotterdam, Hamburg and so on.
6. Did you have the experience of working with foreign crews? What were their nationalities?
The last two vessels I worked on had crew from several countries. The masters were Indian, the Chief Engineer were from Hong Kong and Philippine and other seamen from china, Indian, Burma and Vietnam. 7. Can you tell me how to make a stowage plan?
Based on the capacity of the hold, the stowage factors, types of cargo, loading and discharging ports rotation, port draft limitation, loading-line area. I shall calculate the volume of the cargo that is to be loaded into different holds. Then I shall calculate the draft of the vessel and trimming,
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shear force, bending moment to meet the requirements of the ship. At last, stowage plan in made based on these factors. 8. What does stowage factor of mean?
A stowage factor of any cargo is the figure that expresses the number of cubic units of measure needed to accommodate one unit of weight-how many cubic meters is needed to stow on metric ton of certain goods. Stowage factors should include allowance for dunnage, irregular size of certain goods, pallets and something else. Even the most carefully determined stowage factor is not absolute and it should be used only as guide while planning cargo disposition.
9. If there happens stevedore damage to cargo, equipment or ship’s structure in the loading or discharging ports, what should you do? If damage happens, I must record it first and then report it in an appropriate written form to the master and other parties concerned. The report must be signed by the liable parties admitting they have (or have not) responsibility for the damage. The damage report shall be carefully worded and shall be supported with photos and other evidence, if any. The damage report should also include the following contents: ship’s name, voyage number, date, geographical location, name of the person who took the photos and his signature, location where the photo was taken, and what is intended to show.
10. What precautions do you have to take before cargo operation is carried out?
I shall check the pre-cargo operation check lists to make sure that no item is missing. The following procedures are to be adopted:
(1) The Chief Officer shall make a cargo operation plan, in which the following factors shall be considered: the cargo must be stowed in such way that the stability, trim, shearing forces and bending moments are within the limits as laid down by the stability manual; excessive weight on tank tops,
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