深圳小学英语语法汇总 下载本文

There be 句型

1. 定义:There be句型表示某处存在某物或某人。 2. 结构:

(1) There is +单数可数名词/不可数名词+ 地点状语. (2) There are +复数名词+地点状语.

there是引导词,在句中不充当任何成分,翻译时也不必译出。句子的主语是某人或某物,谓语动词be要与主语(某人或某物)的数保持一致。当主语是两个或两个以上的名词时,谓语动词要与跟它最近的那个名词一致。 eg. ① There is a bird in the tree. 树上有一只鸟。 ② There is a teacher and many students in our classroom. 我们教室里有一位老师和许多学生。 ③ There are two boys and a girl under the tree. 树下有两个男孩,一个女孩。 3. There be句型与have的区别:

(1) There be 句型和have都表示“有”的含义。区别如下:There be表示“某处存在某物或某人”;have表示“某人拥有某物/某人”,它表示所有、拥有关系。 eg. ①He has two sons. 他有两个儿子。 ②There are two men in the office. 办公室里有两个男人。

(2)当have表示“包括”、“存在”的含义时,There be 句型与其可互换。 eg. A week has seven days. =There are seven days in a week. 一个星期有七天。 变脸一:否定句

There be句型的否定式的构成和含有be动词的其它句型一样,在be后加上not或no即可。注意not和no的不同:not是副词,no为形容词,not a/an/any + n. 相当于no+ n.。例如:

There are some pictures on the wall. →There aren't any pictures on the wall. =There are no pictures on the wall.

There is a bike behind the tree. → There isn't a bike behind the tree. =There is no bike behind the tree.

变脸二:一般疑问句

There be句型的一般疑问句变化是把be动词调整到句首,再在句尾加上问号即可,此为\\\调整法\\\。但同时要注意:当肯定句中有some时,要将其改为any(否定变化也一样)。看看下面两句是如何\\\改头换面\\\的吧: There is some water on Mars. → Is there any water on Mars?

There are some fish in the water. →Are there any fish in the water? 变脸三:特殊疑问句

There be句型的特殊疑问句形式有以下三种变化: ① 对主语提问:当主语是人时,用\\\介词短语?\\\;当主语是物时,用\\\+ 介词短语?\\\。注意:无论原句的主语是单数还是复数,对之提问时一般都用be的单数形式(回答时却要根据实际情况来决定)。如: There are many things over there. →What's over there? There is a little girl in the room.→Who is in the room? ② 对地点状语提问:提问地点当然用\主语?\\\啦!例如: There is a computer on the desk. → Where is the computer?

There are four children on the playground. →Where are the four children? ③ 对数量提问:一般有两种句型结构:

How many+复数名词+are there+介词短语? How much+不可数名词+is there+介词短语?

不定冠词(indefinite articles) a/an 的用法

不定冠词最基本的用途就是用来表示“一”这概念,如: ① A stitch in time saves nine. ② Jason is an internationally known scholar. 此外,a/an 还有下列 6 种用途:

㈠常和time、measurement等有关的名词连用,以表示“每—” 的概念,如: ③ I teach five days a week. ④ This type of vegetables is sold at one dollar a kilo. ⑤ My car usually runs sixty kilometres an hour.

㈡常和 hundred, thousand, dozen 以及数目及数量连用,如:

⑥ That factory turns out at least a hundred tyres a day. ⑦ Noel's monthly salary is a thousand dollars. ⑧ I have a number of sponsored students. ⑨ Mary has a lot of money.

㈢在“of / at”后面出现,以表示“同一类”这概念,如: ⑩ Birds of a feather flock together. 11. Please come one at a time.

12. Things of a kind come together, so do people of a mind.

㈣常在“rather, quite, many, half, what, such”等字后面出现,形成固定用法,如:

13. Tom is rather a fool.

14. I think Chinese is quite a useful language. 15. Many a student has asked that question. 16. The visitor left half an hour ago. 17. What a fine day it is!

18. How can you say such a thing?

㈤用在“so, as, too, how +形容词”这些结构里,如: 19. We have not had so hot a day before. 20. Susan is as clever a girl as Anna.

21. That is too difficult a book for beginners.

22. No one knew how serious a problem it was until later. ㈥出现在许多惯用语中,如:

23. Bob always has a bone to pick with others.

24. Some students turned a deaf ear to the teacher's advice. 25. All must learn a language with an eye to mastering it.

26. I hope you will make an effort to attend the meeting punctually. 27. Jason has an aversion to being idle.

28. The news of Jack's sudden resignation came as a bolt from the blue.

基数词,序数词

一、 数词的分类 1. 基数词

表示数目的词称为基数词。其形式如下: A.从1——10

one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten. B.从 11——19 eleven,twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen,eighteen, nineteen.

这里除 eleven, twelve, thirteen, fifteen, eighteen为特殊形式外,fourteen,sixteen,seventeen,nineteen都是由其个位数形式后添加后缀-teen构成。 C.从 21——99

整数几十中除twenty,thirty, forty,fifty,eighty为特殊形式外,sixty,seventy,ninety都是其个位数形式后添加后缀-ty构成。表示几十几时,在几十和个位基数词形式之间添加连字符“-” 21 twenty-one 76 seventy-six D.百位数

个数基数词形式加“hundred”,表示几百,在几十几与百位间加上and. 101 a hundred and one

320 three hundred and twenty 648 six hundred and forty-eight E.千位数以上

从数字的右端向左端数起,每三位数加一个逗号“,”。从右开始,第一个“,”前的数字后添加 thousand,第二个“,”前面的数字后添加 million,第三个“,”前的数字后添加 billion。然后一节一节分别表示,两个逗号之间最大的数为百位数形式。

2,648 two thousand six hundred and forty-eight

16,250,064 sixteen million two hundred and fifty thousand sixty-four

5,237,166,234 five billion,two hundred and thirty-seven million,one hundred and sixty-six thousand,two hundred and thirty-four

F.基数词在表示确切的数字时,不能使用百、千、百万、十亿的复数形式;但是,当基数词表示不确切数字,如成百、成千上万,三三两两时,基数词则以

复数形式出现。

There are hundreds of people in the hall. 大厅里有数以百计的人。

Thousands and thousands of people come to visit the Museum of Qin Terra-Cotta Warriors and Horses every day.

每天有成千上万的人来参观秦兵马涌博物馆。 They went to the theatre in twos and threes. 他们三三两两地来到了剧院。

G.表示人的不确切岁数或年代,用几十的复数形式表示。 He became a professor in his thirties. 他三十多岁时成为了教授。

She died of lung cancer in forties. 她四十来岁时死于肺癌。 It was in the 1960s.

那是在二十世纪六十年代。 H.基数词的句法功能

基数词在句中可作主语、宾语、定语、表语、同位语。 The two happily opened the box. 两个人高兴地打开了盒子。(作主语) I need three altogether. 我总共需要三个。(作宾语)

Four students ar(转载自中国教育文摘http://www.edUzhai.net,请保留此标记。)e playing volleyball outside. 四个学生在外面打排球。(作定语) We are sixteen. 我们是16个人。(作表语)

They three tried to finish the task before sunset. 他们三个人尽力想在日落前完成任务。(作同位语) 2. 序数词

表示顺序的词称为序数词。序数词的主要形式: A.从第一至第十九 其中,one— first, two— second, three— third, five— fifth,eight—eighth,nine—ninth,twelve— twelfth为特殊形式,其它的序数词都是由其相对应的基数词后面添加“th”构成。例如: six— sixth、nineteen— nineteenth. B.从第二十至第九十九

整数第几十的形式由其对应的基数词改变结尾字母y为i,再加“eth”构成。 twenty——twentieth thirty——thirtieth 表示第几十几时,用几十的基数词形式加上连字符“-”和个位序数词形式一起表示。

thirty-first 第三十一 fifty-sixth 第五十六 seventy-third 第七十三 ninety-ninth 第九十九

C.第一百以上的多位序数词

由基数词的形式变结尾部分为序数词形式来表示。 one hundred and twenty-first 第一百二十一

one thousand,three hundred and twentieth 第一千三百二十 D.序数词的缩写形式

有时,序数词可以用缩写形式来表示。主要缩写形式有。 first——lst second——2nd third——3rd

fourth——4th sixth——6th twentieth——20th twenty-third——23rd

其中lst,2nd,3rd为特殊形式,其它的都是阿拉伯数字后加上th。 E.序数词的句法功能

序数词在句中可作主语、宾语、定语和表语。 The second is what I really need. 第二个是我真正需要的。(作主语) He choose the second. 他挑选了第二个。(作宾语) We are to carry out the first plan. 我们将执行第一个计划。(作定语)

She is the second in our class.在我们班她是第二名。(作表语)

注:序数词在使用时,通常前面要加定冠词 the;但是如果序数词前出现不定冠词a或an时,则表示“再——”,“又——”。 We/?ll go over it a second time. 我们得再念第二遍。

We/?ve tried it three times.Must we try it a fourth time? 我们已经试过三遍了,还必须试一次(第四次)吗? 另外,基数词也可以表示顺序。只需将基数词放在它所修饰的名词之后即可,不需要添加定冠词。

the first lesson——Lesson One the fifth page——Page 5(five)

the twenty-first room——Room 21(twenty-one) 二、时刻表示法

1. 表示几点钟用基数词加可以省略的o/?clock 5:00 读作 five o/?clock 或 five

2. 表示几点过几分,在分钟后加past,再加小时 five past seven 七点过五分 half past six 六点半

a quarter past eight 八点过一刻 seven past eight 八点过七分 3. 表 示几点差几分,在分钟后面加to,再加小时 ten to eight 差十分八点(七点五十分)

a quarter to twelve 差一刻十二点(十一点四十五分) twenty to six 差二十分六点(五点四十分) 在日常生活中,常用下列简单方法表示时间。 以小时、分种为单位分别读出数字。 6:31 读作 six thirty-one

10:26 读作 ten twenty-six 14:03 读作 fourteen o three 16:15 读作 sixteen fifteen 18:30 读作 eighteen thirty

23:55 读作 twenty-three fifty-five

注:时刻表上的时间大多采用24小时表示法,这样就不需要用a.m.表示上午,p.m.表示下午了。 三、年月表示法

1. 世纪可以用定冠词加序数词加世纪century表示,也可以用定冠词加百位进数加/?s表示

the sixth(6th)century 公元六世纪

the eighteenth(18th)century 公元十八世纪 the 1900/?s 二十世纪 the 1600/?s 十七世纪

这里,用百位数整数表示的世纪比这一百位阿拉伯数字本身多一个世纪。 2. 年代用定冠词及基数词表示的世纪加十位整数的复数形式构成

in the 1930/?s(in the thirties of the twentieth century或 in the nineteen thirties) 在二十世纪三十年代

in the 1860/?s(in the sixties of the 19th century或 in the eighteen sixties) 在十九世纪六十年代

In the 1870/?s when Marx was already in his fifties,he found it important to study the situation in Russia,so he began to learn Russian. 在十九世纪七十年代当马克思已经五十多岁时,他发现研究俄国的形势很重要,便开始学习俄语。 3. 表示某年代的早期、中期和晚期,可以在定冠词后,年代前添加 early,mid-,late

in the early 1920/?s 在二十世纪二十年代早期 in the mid-1950/?s 在二十世纪五十年代中期 4. 年月日表示法

A.年份用基数词表示,一般写为阿拉伯数字,读时可以以hundred为单位,也可以以世纪、年代为单位分别来读。

1949 读作 nineteen hundred and forty-nine 或 nineteen forty-nine 1800 读作 eighteen hundred

253 读作 two hundred and fifty-three或two fifty-three 1902 读作 nineteen hundred and two或 nineteen o two

表示在哪一年,一般在年数前加介词in,使用year时,year放在数词之前。 in the year two fifty-three B.C. 在公元前253年 但是,通常采用in加表示年份的阿拉伯数字。 B. 月份,在哪个月用介词in加第一个字母大写的月份词表示。例如:in May在五月; in July在七月。为了简便起见,月份与日期连用时,月份常用缩写形式表示。缩写形式除May,June,July外,其它的月份都由其前三个字母表示,但September除外。

January——Jan.一月 (转载自中国教育文摘http://www.edUzhai.net,请保留此标记。)February——Feb.二月

March——Mar. 三月 April——Apr.四月 August——Aug.八月 September——Sept.九月 October——Oct.十月

November——Nov.十一月 December——Dec.十二月

注:这里缩写形式后面加点不能省略,因为它是表示缩写形式的符号。 C.日期用定冠词the加序数词表示。在哪一天要添加介词on。 National Day is on Oct. 1. 国庆节是十月一日。(读作 October first)

此句也可以表示为 National Day is on the 1st of October. May 5 五月五日(读作May fifth) 也可以表示为the fifth(5th)of May

Mar. 1(st) 三月一日(读作March first或 the first of March)

5. 表示不具体、不确切的时间,如世纪、年代、年份、月份时,用介词in表示,表示具体确切的某一天用介词on表示通常情况下morning,afternoon,evening等词前用介词in。但是,当这些词前后有一修饰限定的词作为定语,把它们限定为某一天早晨、下午或晚上时,介词in应改为on。这里的修饰限定词可以是介词短语、名词、形容词、定语从句等。

On a cold morning,the old man died lonely in his house. 在一个寒冷的早晨,这个老人孤独地死在自己的房子里。 I don/?t want to be disturbed on nights when I have to study. 我不愿意在我必须学习的晚上被打扰。

The accident happened on the afternoon of July 7. 这次事故发生在7月7日下午。

We are to have a small test on Monday morning. 星期一早晨我们将进行一次小测验。 四、加减乘除表示法

1. “加”用plus,and或add表示;“等于”用is,make,equal等词表示。 2+3=? 可表示为: How much is two plus three? 2+3=5

Two plus three is five.

Two and three is equal to five. Two and three make five.

Two added to three equals five.

If we add two to/and three, we get five. 二加三等于五

2. “减”用 minus或 take from表示

10-6=? How much is ten minus six?

10-6=4

Ten minus six is four.

Take six from ten and the remainder is four. Six (taken) from ten is four.

十减去六等于四

3. “乘”用time(动词)或multiply表示 3X4=? How much is three times four? 3X4=12

Three times four is/are twelve.

Multiply three by four,we get twelve. Three multiplied by four makes twelve. 三乘以四等于十二 4. “除”用divide的过去分 词形式表示 16÷4=? How much is sixteen divided by four? 16÷4=4

Sixteen divided by four is four.

Sixteen divided by four equals/gives/makes four. 十六除以四等于四。 五、分数表示法

1. 分数是由基数词和序数词一起来表示的。基数词作分子,序数词作分母,除了分子是“1”以外,其它情况下序数词都要用复数形式。 3/4 three fourths或 three quarters 1/3 one third或a third

24/25 twenty-four twenty-fifths

3 1/4 three and one fourth或 three and one quarter 1/2 a half

1/4 one quarter或a quarter 1 1/2 one and a half 1 1/4 one and a quarter

2. 当分数后面接名词时,如果分数表示的值大于1,名词用复数;小于1,名词用单数。

1 1/2 hours 一个半小时(读作 one and a half hours)

2 3/4 meters 二又四分之三米(读作two and three-fourths meters) 4/5 meter 五分之四米 5/6 inch 六分之五英寸

3. 表示“n次方”的说法:指数用序数词,底数用基数词。

10的7次方 the seventh power of ten(ten to the seventh power) 6的10次方 the tenth power of six(six to the tenth power) 六 、小数表示法

1. 小数用基数词来表示,以小数点为界,小数点左首的数字为一个单位,表示整数,数字合起来读;小数点右首的数字为一个单位,表示小数,数字分开来读;小数点读作 point,o读作 zero或o[ou],整数部分为零时,可以省略不读。 0.4 zero point four或point four 零点四 10.23 ten point two three 十点二三

25.67 twenty-five point six seven 二十五点六七 l.03 one point o three 一点零三

2. 当数字值大于1时,小数后面的名词用复数,数字值小于1时,小数后面

的名词用单数。

1.03 meters 一点零三米 0.49 ton 零点四九吨 l.5 tons 一点五吨 七、百分数表示法

百分数用基数+percent表示

50% fifty percent 百分之五十 3% three percent 百分之三

0.12% zero point one two percent 百分之零点一二

这里的percent前半部per表示“每一”,cent这一后半部分表示“百”,所以百分之几中percent不用复数形式。 八、数量表示法

1. 表示长、宽、高、面积等,用基数词+单位词(meter,foot,inch,kilogram等)+ 形容词(long,wid(转载自中国教育文摘http://www.edUzhai.net,请保留此标记。)e,high等)表示,或者用基数词+单位词 + in + 名词(length, width, height, weight等)表示。

two meters long或 two meters in length 2米长 three feet high或 three feet in height 3英尺高 four inches wide或 four inches in width 4英寸宽 This box is 2 kilograms in weight. 这个盒子有两千克重。

The city wall of Xi/?an is 12 meters wide and 12 meters high. 西安城墙是12米宽,12米高。

2. 表示时间、距离时,使用含数词的名词所有格形式作定语。 five minutes/? walk

步行五分钟(的距离)

It/?s an hour/?s ride from my hometown to our university. 从我的家乡到我们大学是乘车一小时的路程。 或:从我的家乡到我们大学需要乘车一小时。

It/?s three kilometers/? distance from our campus to the Bell Tower. 从我们校园到钟楼有三公里远。

3. 表示温度时,用below zero表示零下温度,温度用基数词+degree(s)+单位词(centigrade摄氏或Fahrenheit华氏)表示。 thirty-six degrees centigrade或 36℃ 摄氏 36度 four degrees below zero centigrade或 -4℃ 摄氏零下4度 Water freezes at thirty-two degrees Fahrenheit. 水在华氏三十二度时结冰。

Water boils at one hundred degrees centigrade. 水在摄氏一百度时沸腾。

这里的单位词在人们都很清楚是什么度量制度时,可以省略。 You are 37℃.(读作 thirty-seven degrees) 你是三十七度。(摄氏)

It/?s seven degrees below zero. 今天是零下七度。(摄氏)

4. 由数词和其他名词构成的名词性短语作定语时,其中的名词用单数形式,

名词性短语中各部分间要用连字符“-”来连接。

It/?s a five-minute walk from the library to the playground. 从图书馆到操场需要走五分钟。 She/?s a sixteen-year-old girl. 她是个十六岁的女孩。 5. 表示“比···大(或)几倍”的说法。

This room is two times bigger than that one. 这个房间比那个(房间)大两倍。

The dictionary is four times thicker than that book. 这本词典比那本书厚四倍。

My age is two times older than his. 我的年龄比他大两

介词用法

at in与on在时间方面的用法 :at表示时间的一点;in表示一个时期;on表示特殊日子。如:

He goes to school at seven o?clock in the morning. 他早晨七点上学。 Can you finish the work in two days? 你能在两天内完成这个工作吗? Linda was born on the second of May. 琳达五月二日出生。

1>. at后常接几点几分,天明,中午,日出,日落,开始等。如: at five o?clock (五点),at down (黎明),at daybreak (天亮),at sunrise (日出),at noon (中午),at sunset (日落),at midnight (半夜),at the beginning of the month (月初), at that time (那时),at that moment (那会儿),at this time of day (在一天的这个时候)。

2>. in后常接年,月,日期,上午,下午,晚上,白天,季节,世纪等。如: in 2006(2006年),in May,2004 (2004年五月),in the morning (早晨/上午),in the afternoon (下午),in the evening (晚上),in the night (夜晚),in the daytime (白天),in the 21st century (21世纪),in three days (weeks/month)三天(周/个月),in a week (一周),in spring (春季)。

3>. on后常接某日,星期几,某日或某周日的朝夕,节日等。如: on Sunday (星期日),on a warm morning in April (四月的一个温暖的上午),on a December night (12月的一个夜晚),on that afternoon (那天下午),on the following night (下一个晚上),on Christmas afternoon (圣诞节下午),on October 1,1949 (1949年10月1日),on New Year?s Day (新年),on New Year?s Eve (除夕),on the morning of the 15th (15日的早上)等。 我们常用的方位介词有: in on to

在范围之内用in,在范围之外,如果两地接壤就用on 不接壤的用to 如:

Beijing is in the north of China . Japan is to the east of China .

Shanxi Province is on the west of Hebei Province . 更多介词如下:

表示时间:at, in, on, by, through 表示附近:near, by, beside, at

表示地点:at, in, on

表示除外:besides, except, except for, but 表示方位:in, to, on

表示上下:above, below, over, under, on, beneath 表示方式:by, through, with

表示原因:for, from, at, through, with, because of, due to, owing to, on account of, thanks to

表示价格比率对比:at, by, for, against 表示属性特性:of, with

还有:since, inside, out of, onto, into, without, instead of, from behind, until from, concerning, considering, following, including, regarding, respecting, saving等 更多介词用法如下:

1. at表示\在......处\,一般指较小的比较具体的地点。如: He isn't at school. He is at home. 他不在学校,他在家。 2. in表示\在......内部;在......里面\的意思。如: What is in the box? 盒子里有什么?

3. on表示\在某物的上面\,但两者互相接触。如: My books are on that table. 我的书在那张桌子上。

4. under表示\在某物垂直的正下方\,两者之间不接触。如: My cat is under my chair. 我的猫在我的椅子下。 5. behind表示\在某物体的后面\。如: The broom is behind the door. 笤帚在门后。

6. in front of表示\在......的前面\,正好与behind相反。如:

There are some big trees in front of our classroom. 我们教室前面有几棵大树。 7. near表示\在某物体的附近\,意为\接近、靠近\。如: The ball is near the door. 球在门旁边。

8.介词in, on, under, behind是表示静态位置的介词

接下来,我们来看看别人整理出来的有趣的“介词用法口诀”: 早、午、晚要用in,at黎明、午夜、点与分。

年、月、年月、季节、周,阳光、灯、影、衣、冒in。 将来时态in...以后,小处at大处in。

有形with无形by,语言、单位、材料in。 特征、方面与方式,心情成语惯用in。

介词at和to表方向,攻击、位置、恶、善分。 日子、日期、年月日,星期加上早、午、晚, 收音、农场、值日on,关于、基础、靠、著论。

着、罢、出售、偷、公、假,故意、支付、相反,准。 特定时日和“一……就“,on后常接动名词。 年、月、日加早、午、晚,of之前on代in。 步行、驴、马、玩笑on,cab,carriage则用in。 at山脚、门口、在当前,速、温、日落、价、核心。 工具、和、同随with,具有、独立、就、原因。 就……来说宾译主,对、有、方状、表细分。

海、陆、空、车、偶、被by,单数、人类know to man。

this、that、tomorrow,yesterday,next、last、one。 接年、月、季、星期、周,介词省略已习惯。 over、under正上下,above、below则不然, 若与数量词连用,混合使用亦无关。'

beyond超出、无、不能,against靠着,对与反。 besides,except分内外,among之内along沿。 同类比较except,加for异类记心间。

原状because of,、 owing to、 due to表语形容词 under后接修、建中,of、from物、化分。 before、after表一点, ago、later表一段。 before能接完成时,ago过去极有限。 since以来during间,since时态多变换。 与之相比beside,除了last but one。

复不定for、找、价、原,对、给、段、去、为、作、赞。 快到、对、向towards,工、学、军、城、北、上、南。 but for否定用虚拟,复合介词待后言。 ing型由于鉴,除了除外与包合。

之后、关于、在......方面,有关介词须记全。 in内to外表位置,山、水、国界to在前。

名词变复数的通用法:

1.一般+s 如map→maps, bag→bags等

2.特殊:以s,x,sh,ch结尾的单词+es如bus→buses, watch→watches等;

3.以辅音字母+y结尾,去掉y加上ies,以元音字母+y结尾加上s 4.以f或fe结尾,去掉f/fe加上ves。如 knife→knives leaf→leaves wolf→wolves wife→wives life→lives thief→thieves

5.有时可数,有时不可数:典型例词:fish 当它解释为鱼肉时是不可数名词,当它解释成同一种鱼时,单复数同形,复数即为fish,当它解释为不同一种鱼时,+es,即为fishes.

6.以o结尾,a) photo→photos ,piano→pianos,radio→radios,zoo→zoos b)

加es的名词有:potato→potatoes tomato→tomatoes

7.特殊词:child---children(小孩) man--men(男人) woman--women(女人)

8.单复数同形(单数和复数一样)people(人) sheep(绵羊) deer(鹿)) 9.国人变复数 :口诀:中日不变英法变,其余s加后面。 Chinese--Chinese Japanese--Japanese

Englishman--Englishmen Frenchman--Frenchmen American--Americans等等

10. 字母、数字、引语、缩略语变复数,在其后加s或's。 eg. There are two t's in the word “bottle\There are two 1's in the number “2011\ 一、用所给的单词的复数的正确形式填空:

1> There are three ______(chair) in the classroom. 2>These _______(tomato) are red.

3>My brother looks after two ______(baby) 4> My father likes to eat _______(potato). 5>Chinese ______(people)like to eat noodles. 6>I have a lot of ______(toy) in my bedroom.

7>I help my mother wash ______(dish) in the kitchen. 8>I have two ______(pencil-box).

9>There are some ______(bus)in the street. 10>Peter has eight _____(foot). 二、写出下列名词的复数形式

1、orange 2、class 3、monkey 4、piano 5、child

6、shelf 7、 bed 8、country 9、family 10、toy

11、 foot 12、radio 13、 photo 14、tomato 15、woman

16、knife 17、sheep 18、ship 19、dish 20、mouse

21、tooth 22、leaf 三、选择填空

( )1.I can see three ________ in the zoo. A monkeys B monkeyes C monkey

( )2.The pig has four ______. A. foot B. feet C. foots

( )3.My two brothers are both ______. A. policeman B. policemans C. policemen ( )4.I can see ten _____ in the picture. A. sheep B. dog C. pig

( )5.The _____ has three__. A. boys, watches B. boy, watch C. boy, watches

( )6.Can you see _______on the plate? A. bread B. breads C. breades ( )7.The girl often brushes her_____ before she goes to bed. A. tooth B. tooths C. teeth

( )8.Mr Black often drink some _________.A. milk B. milks C.milkes ( )9.There are some _____on the floor. A. child B. water C. books

( )10..Lucy will show us some new ____ of hers. A. photo B. photos C. photoes ( )11. I drank two ______. A. bottles of water B. bottle of water C. bottles of waters

( )12.The cat eats two _____last night. A. mouses B. mice C. mouse ( )13.I need a pen and some _____. A. books B. desk C. chair on the wall .They are very beautiful.

( )14、There A. are photoes B. are photos C. is photo

( )15. There some in the river. A. is ,fish B. are, fishes C. is, fishs D. a

re ,fish

( )16. There two in the box. A. is watch B. are watches C. are watch D. is watches

( )17. We should clean twice a day. A .our tooth B. our tooths C.teeth D.our teeth

( )18.Our _____ room is near the reading room. A.teacher B.teacher’s C.teachers

( )19.Tom and Jim are ___. A.friends B.friend C.brother D.sister ( )20.How many_____do they have? A.picture B.pictures C.a picture 参考答案:

一.1 Chairs 2 tomatoes 3babies 4potatoes 5people 6toys7 dishes 8pencil-boxes 9buses 10 feet

二、1、oranges 2、classes3、monkeys 4、pianos 5、children 6、shelves 7、 beds 8、countries 9、families 10、toys 11、 feet 12、radios13、 photos 14、tomatoes 15、women 16、knives 17、sheep 18、ships 19、dishes 20、mice 21、teeth 22、leaves 三、1 A 2. B 3. C. 4. A. 5. C. 6. A. 7. C.8. A. 9. C 10 B.11. A. 12. B.13. A. 14、B. 15. B. 16. B. 17. D 18. B. 19. A. 20.B

祈使句 祈使句的作用是要求、请求或命令、劝告、叮嘱、建议别人做或不做一件事。 祈使句的句末一般用感叹号,但是有些祈使句的语气较弱,可以用句号结尾。 祈使句可以用语气词“吧”作结尾,也可以不用语气词。 祈使句可以表示命令、请求、禁止、劝阻等。 祈使句中的主语常常被省去。 表示命令的祈使句 例如:“保持肃静!”;“起立!” 表示请求的句式

表示请求的句式通常是“请……”。 例如:“请等我一会。” 表示禁止的句式

表示禁止的句式有:“不准……”、“不要……”、“别……” 等。 例如 :「此处不准停车 !」 例如 :「此处禁止吸烟 !」 表示劝阻的句式

表示劝阻的句式通常是「请勿……」。 例如:「请勿在车厢内饮食。」

Go and wash your hands. (去洗你的手。——命令)

Be quiet, please.(Please be quiet.) (请安静。——请求)

Be kind to our sister.

(对姊妹要和善。——劝告) Watch your steps.

(走路小心。——警告)

Look out!Danger!

(小心!危险!——强烈警告,已如感叹句) Keep off the grass.

(勿践草坪。——禁止)

No parking.

(禁止停车。——禁止)

解说祈使句的否定通常使用“Don't …”,例如: Don't let the dog in.

(不要让那只狗进来。) Don't touch, please.

(请不要用手触摸。)

Don't be silly. (别傻了。)

祈使句也常把主语“You”表达出来,使对方听起来觉得柔和些,例如: You go and tell him, Chris. (克立斯你去告诉他。) 表示各种意思的中文祈使句

祈使句是表示要对方做或不做某事、带有祈使语气的句子。 祈使句的语调特点

1、语音强度一般比陈述句重,书面上用感叹号表示。

2、句末用降调,较长句子的后半部分几个音节速度加快。 祈使句的语气词

祈使句主要依靠语气来表达,有时也借助语气词“吧、啊(呀、哇、哪)”等表达。例如:

找个凳子坐下吧! 让他走吧!

可得抓紧时间啊! 大家快过来呀! 你可得好好干哪!

祈使句的种类

根据祈使句的语用意义和语气的强弱,祈使句可以分为四类: 1、表示命令的祈使句

表示命令的祈使句都带有强制性,要求对方必须服从,言辞肯定,态度严肃。例如: 立定! 站起来! 让他进来! 快去救火!

2、表示请求的祈使句

与表示命令的祈使句相比,表示请求的祈使句的语气要舒缓一些,可以使用语气词“吧、啊”,主语可以出现,也可以不出现。 例如:

请给我们多提意见!

您请坐啊!

这个问题你来回答吧! 帮帮我的忙吧!

3、表示禁止的祈使句

表示禁止的祈使句明确表示禁止对方做什么事情,言辞强硬,态度坚决,不用语气词。 例如: 别动!

不许胡说!

此处不准吸烟! 你不要去!

谁也不要随便说话! 4、表示劝阻的祈使句

表示劝阻的祈使句语调比较平缓,常用语气词“吧、啊”。 例如:

要好好听老师的话啊! 你们几个休息一会儿吧! 大家都少说几句吧!

你们可别拿他开玩笑了!英语祈使句(Imperative Sentence)

定义

用于表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等的句子叫做祈使句,祈使句最常用于表达命令,因此在学校文法中也常称为命令句。

祈使句因对象(即主语)是第二人称,所以通常都省略。祈使句的动词都为一般现在时,句末则使用句号来表示结束。例: Go and wash your hands. (去洗你的手。——命令)

Be quiet, please.(Please be quiet.) (请安静。——请求) Be kind to our sister.

(对姊妹要和善。——劝告)

Watch your steps.

(走路小心。——警告) Look out!Danger!

(小心!危险!——强烈警告,已如感叹句)

Keep off the grass.

(勿践草坪。——禁止) No parking.

(禁止停车。——禁止) No eating or drinking. (禁止吃喝。——禁止)

No littering.

(禁止乱扔垃圾。——禁止)

祈使句也常把主语“You”表达出来,使对方听起来觉得柔和些,例如: You go and tell him, Chris. (克立斯去告诉他。)

……

相关口令

祈使句无主语, 主语you常省去;

动词原形谓语当, 句首加don't否定变; 朗读应当用降调, 句末常标感叹号。 表现形式

●肯定结构:

1. Do型(即:动词原形(+宾语)+其它成分)。如:Please have a seat here. 请这边坐。

有的祈使句在意思明确的情况下,动词可省略。如:This way, please. = Go this way, please. 请这边走。

2. Be型(即:Be + 表语(名词或形容词)+其它成分)。如:Be a good boy! 要做一个好孩子!

3. Let型(即:Let + 宾语 + 动词原形 + 其它成分)。如:Let me help you. 让我来帮你。 ●否定结构:

1. Do型和Be型的否定式都是在句首加don't构成。如:Don't forget me! 不要忘记我!

Don't be late for school! 上学不要迟到!

2. Let型的否定式有两种:“Don't + let + 宾语 + 动词原形 + 其它成分”和“Let + 宾语 + not + 动词原形 + 其它成分”。如:Don't let him go. / Let him not go. 别让他走。

3. 有些可用no开头,用来表示禁止性的祈使句。如:No smoking! 禁止吸烟!No fishing! 禁止钓鱼! 练习

将下列汉语翻译成英语。

1. 请照看好您的包。 ___________________. 2. 3. 4. 5.

让我们去学校吧! ___________________! 亲爱的,高兴点儿! ___________________! 不要把书放这儿。 ___________________. 不要让猫进来。 ___________________.

Key:

1. Please look after your bag. 2. Let's go to school.

3. Be glad, dear 4. Don't put the book here .

5. Don't let the cat come in / Let the cat not come in . 祈使句用法 \带头的祈使句

由\带头的祈使句(Imperative Sentences)是个常见的动词句型,它的主要用法有下列三种: 1.表示“建议”。

这个句型里的\后头紧跟着一个第一人称的代词宾语,如: (1) Let me try.

(2) Let's do it.

(3) Let me go and look for it.

这个句型语气委婉,比直接的祈使句客气。试比较(4)a和(4)b:

(4) a. Don't disturb him. b. Let's not disturb him.

(a)是直接命令,语气强烈,不如(b)温柔悦耳。 2.表示“间接命令”或“愿望”。

这句型里的动词宾语是第三人称名词或代词,如:

(5) Let Robert take charge of the marketing department. (6) Let her join our choir.

3.表示“警告”、“蔑视”、“威胁”等。

这种祈使句里的宾语也是第三人称为主。除了口气凶悍之外,有时还语带讽刺,如:

(7) Let him try and he will expose his inability to work on his own. (8) Let the invaders come and our armed forces will wipe them out in no time.

用\的祈使句时,必须注意下列几点:

一、\的否定句有二。如果宾语是第三人称用\(见例(9));如果宾语是第一人称,则用\(见例(10)): (9) Don't let this type of things happen again.

(10) It's raining now. Let's not go out until after the rain.

二、\只适用于现在时态,可以有被动语态 (the passive voice),如: (11) Let the recalcitrant criminals be sent to prison. (12) Let all the dedicated capable staff be promoted.

三、\后头除了是不带\的不定式动词 (The infinitive without\之外,还可以是某些适当的副词,如out, in, down, alone等: (13) Let the puppy out.

(14) Open the windows and let the fresh air in.

(15) The room is too sunny. Let the blinds down.

(16) Let me alone, please.

四、用\时,把谈话者的对象包括在内;用\时,并不包括对方,如:

(17) Let's try it, shall we?

(18) Let us do it by ourselves, will you?

从(17)里的\和(18)里的\,不难知道前者包括听话人,后者并没有。祈使句表示请求、命令、建议等等。谓语动词一律用原形。句子中通常不用主语,句末用惊叹号或者句号,用降调。 1含有第二人称主语的祈使句 Be careful!小心!

Don''t make such a noise.不要这么吵。 肯定的祈使句

a.句型:动词原形~.(省略主语) Stand up.起立。

Be quiet,please.请安静。

b.有时,为了加强语气,可以在动词之前加do

Do sit down. 务必请坐。

Do study hard.

一定要努力学习。 比较

祈使句和陈述句陈述句:

You sit down. 你坐下来。 祈使句: Sit down.坐下 (省略主语you)

c.用客气的语气表示祈使句时,可在句首或句尾加上please,但如果在

句尾加please,那在please之前一定要加一个逗号“,”。 Go this way,please. 请这边走。

d.祈使句中如果有唤语,一定要用逗号“,”隔开,放在句首或句尾。 Li Ming,come here. 李明,过来。

Come here,Li Ming. 过来,李明。

否定的祈使句

句型:Don''t +动词原形~

Don''t swim in the river. 别在河里游泳。

Don''t be late.别迟到。

Please don''t be noisy. 请不要大声喧哗。 注意

表示禁止时,尤其是标语等也可用“No+名词/动名词”来表示。 No smoking! 禁止吸烟! No parking! 禁止停车! No entry! 不准入内! No litter!

不准乱扔杂物! 英语祈使句句型转换

祈使句与陈述句的改写

1.祈使句=You must …(陈述句) Come here .过来。 =You must come here . 你必须过来。

Don''t do that again.

你一定不可以再那样做了。

2.Please +祈使句=Will you (please) ~?(陈述句) Please help me .请帮帮我。

=Will you (please) help me? 你愿意帮我的忙吗?

Come here on time ,please .请准时到这儿。 =Will you (please) come here on time ? 请你准时到好吗?

3.含有第一、第三人称主语的祈使句

Let?s say good-bye here. 我们在此道别吧。

Don't let him do that again. 别让他再那么做了。. 1.肯定的祈使句 句型:·Let+第一人称(me,us)~. ·Let+第三人称代词(宾格:him,her,it,them)或名词~.

Let's go at once. 咱们马上动身吧。 Let me try again. 让我再试试。

Let Tom go there himself. 让汤姆自己去那儿。 注意

Let's包括对方,Let us不包括对方。反意疑问句时最明显。 Let's go,shall we? 咱们去吧,怎么样? Let us go,will you? 让我们去吧,行吗? (征求对方的意见)

2.否定的祈使句 句型:·Let?s(us,me)+not +动词原形~.

·Don?t let +第三人称代词的宾格或名词+动词原形. Let's not say anything about it.

对于这件事,咱们什么也不要说。

Don't let them play with fire. 别让他们玩火。 句型转换

祈使句有时相当一个“if”引导的条件状语从句。 祈使句:Use your head and you''ll find a way.

条件句:If you use your head,you''ll find a way. 注意

回答Let's~的反意疑问句句型时,肯定时用Yes,let''s.否定时用NO,let''s not.

祈使句变反意疑问句的方法: 祈使句后的反意疑问句形式

a,Let's表示说话人向对方提出建议,简短问句的主语用 we表示,问句用 shall we或 shan't we 如: Let's have a cup of tea ,shall we (shan't we) b,Let me或 Let us表示听话人提出请求,问句用 will you或 won't you .

Let me have a rest , will you (won't you )

c,其它的祈使句后可以加一个简短问句,使语气变得客气一些. 如:Have a rest , will you . Stand up , will (won't) you . 英语祈使句的特殊用法:

祈使句有时候相当有一个由if 引导的条件状语从句。

如:Study harder ,and you will catch up with the others in your class. 努力学习些,你会赶上班里其他同学的。

If you study harder ,you will catch up with the others in your class. 如果你学习再努力些,你会赶上班上其他同学的。 祈使句的组成: ①:动词原形+其他

②:Please+动词原形+其他 ③:don‘t+动词原形

As students, we should put the learning in the first place 身为学生,我们应该把学习放在第一位

情态动词用法归纳

情态动词的种类:

can (could), may (might), must, have to, shall (should, will (would), dare (dared), need (needed), ought to等。 情态动词无人称和数的变化;不能单独使用,必须与其后的动词原形构成谓语 一、 can, could

1) 表示能力(体力、知识、技能)。 Can you lift this heavy box?(体力) Mary can speak three languages.(知识) Can you skate?(技能)

此时可用be able to代替。Can只有一般现在时和一般 过去式;而be able to则有更多的时态。 I?ll not be able to come this afternoon.

当表示“经过努力才得以做成功某事”时应用be able to,不能用Can。如: He was able to go to the party yesterday evening in spite of the heavy rain. 2) 表示请求和允许。

-----Can I go now?

----- Yes, you can. / No, you can?t.

此时可与may互换。在疑问句中还可用could,

might代替,不是过去式,只是语气更委婉,不能用于肯定句和答语中。 ---- Could I come to see you tomorrow? ---- Yes, you can. ( No, I?m afraid not. )

3) 表示客观可能性(客观原因形成的能力)。

They?ve changed the timetable, so we can go by bus instead. This hall can hold 500 people at least.

4) 表示推测(惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度),用于疑问句、否定句和感叹句中。 Can this be true?

This can?t be done by him. How can this be true? 二、 may, might

1) 表示请求和允许。might比 may语气更委婉,而不是过去式。否定回答时可用can?t

或mustn?t,表示“不可以,禁止”。 ----Might/ May I smoke in this room? ---- No, you mustn?t.

---- May/Might I take this book out of the room? ---- Yes, you can. (No, you can?t / mustn?t. )

用May I...?征徇对方许可时比较正式和客气,而用Can I...?在口语中更常见。 2)用于祈使句,表示祝愿。 May you succeed!

3) 表示推测、可能性(不用于疑问句)。

might不是过去式,它所表示的可能性比may小。 1.He may /might be very busy now.

2.Your mother may /might not know the truth. 三、 must, have to 1) 表示必须、必要。 You must come in time. 在回答引出的问句时,如果是否定的,不能用mustn?t(禁止,不准),而用needn?t, don?t have to(不必).

---- Must we hand in our exercise books today? ---- Yes, you must.

---- No, you don?t have to / you needn?t.

2) must是说话人的主观看法, 而have to则强调客观需要。Must只有一般现在时, have to 有更多的时态形式。

1. he play isn?t interesting, I really must go now. 2. I had to work when I was your age.

3) 表示推测、可能性(只用于肯定的陈述句)

1. You?re Tom?s good friend, so you must know what he likes best.

2. Your mother must be waiting for you now. 四、 dare, need

1) dare作情态动词用时, 常用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中, 过去式形式为dared。

1. How dare you say I?m unfair?

2. He daren?t speak English before such a crowd, dare he?

3. If we dared not go there that day, we couldn?t get the beautiful flowers.

2) need 作情态动词用时, 常用于疑问句、否定句。在肯定句中一般用must, have to, ought to, should代替。 1.You needn?t come so early. 2. ---- Need I finish the work today? ---- Yes, you must. / No, you needn?t.

3) dare和 need作实义动词用时, 有人称、时态和数的变化。在肯定句中,dare后面常接带to的不定式。在疑问句和否定句中,dare后面可接带to或不带to的不定式。而need后面只能接带to的不定式。 1. I dare to swim across this river. 2. He doesn?t dare (to) answer.

3. He needs to finish his homework today. 五、 shall, should

1) shall 用于第一人称,征求对方的意见。 What shall we do this evening?

2) shall 用于第二、三人称,表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。 1. You shall fail if you don?t work hard.(警告) 2. He shall have the book when I finish it.(允诺) 3. He shall be punished.(威胁) 六、 will, would

1) 表示请求、建议等,would更委婉。 Will / Would you pass me the ball, please? 2) 表示意志、愿望和决心。 1. I will never do that again.

2. They asked him if he would go abroad.

3) would表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。would表示过去习惯时比used to正式,且没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。

1. During the vacation, he would visit me every other day. 2. The wound would not heal. 4) 表示估计和猜想。

It would be about ten o?clock when she left home. 七、 should, ought to

1) should, ought to表示“应该”,ought to表示义务或责任,比should语气重。 1. I should help her because she is in trouble. 2. You ought to take care of the baby.

2) 表示劝告、建议和命令。should, ought to可通用,但在疑问句中常用should。

1. You should / ought to go to class right away. 2. Should I open the window? 3) 表示推测

should , ought to (客观推测), must(主观推测)。 1.He must be home by now. (断定他已到家)

2.He ought to/should be home by now.(不太肯定) 3. This is where the oil must be.(直爽)

4. This is where the oil ought to/should be.(含蓄)

人称代词和物主代词

A.按要求写出下列代词的形式.(10?) 1、I(宾格)________

2、he(形容词性物主代词)________ 3、us(主格)________ 4、they(宾格)________ 5、she(宾格)________

6、you(形容词性物主代词)________ 7、it(宾格)________ 8、him(复数)________

9、her(形容词性物主代词)________ 10、my(复数)________

B.选出括号中正确的词,在正确的词上打勾。(10?) 1. This is(my / I)mother. 2. Nice to meet (your / you). 3.(He / His)name is Mark. 4. What?s(she / her)name? 5. Excuse(me / my / I). 6. Are(your / you)Miss Li? 7.(I/ My)am Ben. 8.(She / Her)is my sister. 9. Fine , thank(your / you). 10. How old is (he / his)?

C.用所给代词的正确形式填空。(10?) 1. These are ______ ( he ) brothers. 2. That is _______( she ) sister. 3. Lily is _______ ( Lucy ) sister.

4. Tom, this is _____ ( me ) cousin, Mary.

5. Now _____________(her parent) are in America.

6. Those __________ ( child ) are _____ ( I ) father?s students.

7. Do you know ______ ( it ) name?

8. Mike and Tom __________ ( be ) friends. 9. Thanks for helping ________( I ).

10. ______(Anne)mother is ______(we) teacher.

D.填上正确的人称代词和物主代词(10?) 1._____ is my friend. 他是我的朋友。 2. My dog likes _____. 我的狗喜欢她。

3. Who is there? It?s _____. 是谁啊?是我。 4. _____ are Chinese. 我们是中国人。

5. These are ______ photos. 这些是我们的照片。 6. _____ like ______ very much. 他们非常喜欢它。 7. This is _____ father. 这是我的爸爸。

8. Is that ______bike? 那辆自行车是你的吗? 9. _____ like ______ car. 我喜欢他们的小汽车。

10. Whose bike is this? It?s _____ bike. 这是谁的自行车?是她的。

E.根据给出的汉语,用恰当的形式填空。(10?)

1._______(她) is a student. _______ (她) sister is a student too. 2._______(我) want ______ (你) to do it today.

3._______(他) brother is a worker. ______(他们) are twins.

4._______(你们) are from England. ______(我们) are from China. 5. All of ______ (我们) love _______ (我们) teachers.

F.选择题。(10?)

( )1. Look at ______ .

A. him B. he C. his

( )2. I drive _____ to the park every day.

A. they B. their C. them ( )3.______ classroom is big.

A. we B. us C. Our ( )4. I love _____ .

A. she B. her C. hers

( )5. That?s a cat. _____ name is Mimi.

A. It B. It?s C. Its

( )6. Ms.Green is my teacher. I?m _____ student.

A. he B. his C. him

( )7. This is not _____ desk.. My desk is over there.

A. I B. my C. me

( )8. -Can you spell(拼写) _____ name, Harry? -Sorry.

A. you B. your C. yours

( )9. Tom and Jack are brothers. This is _____ room.

A. they B. them C. their

( )10. We are in the same class. _____ classroom is very nice.

A. our B. my C. ours

现在进行时

一.意义——当表示现在正在进行的动作或正在发生的事。 二.构成:

be (am, is ,are )+动词现在分词-ing形式

肯定句: 主语 + be + 现在分词V-ing (+ 其他) I?m doing my homework now .

否定句:主语+be+not+动词-ing +其他. I?m not doing my homework now. 一般疑问句:Be+主语+动词-ing +其他?

Are you doing your home work now? Yes, I am . No , I?m not .

特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+be+主语+动词-ing+其他?

What are you doing now ? 三. 现在分词的构成:

(1)一般在动词末尾直接加ing,

(2)以不发音字母e结尾的动词,先去掉e,再加ing,

如 skate →skating make →making dance → dancing write → writing have → having ride → riding come → coming

(3)以重读闭音节结尾的动词,中间只有一个元音字母,词尾只有一个辅音字母,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加ing, 如: putting running beginning

stopping swimming shopping jogging sitting getting forgetting letting 四.

时间标志——now,句前的look ,listen

形容词和副词的比较级、最高级 (Comparison of Adjectives and Adverbs)

I. 形容词比较级和最高级的形式 一、形容词比较级和最高级的构成

构 成 法 ① 一般单音节词末尾加-er 和 -est ② 单音节词如果以-e结尾,只加-r 和-st ③ 闭音节单音节词如末尾只有一个辅音字母, 须先双写这个辅音字母,再加-er和-est 原 级 比 较 级 最 高 级strong stronger strange stranger sad big hot sadder bigger hotter angrier cleverer narrower nobler strongest strangest saddest biggest hottest angriest cleverest narrowest noblest most difficult ④ 少数以-y, -er(或-ure), -ow, -ble结尾的双音节词, angry 末尾加-er和-est clever (以-y结尾的词,如y前是辅音字母, 把y变成 narrow i,再加-er和-est, noble 以-e结尾的词仍加-r和-st) ⑤ 其他双音节和多音节词都在前面加单词more和more difficult most difficult

二、不规则形容词的比较级和最高级形式

原 级 good / well bad / ill many / much little few far

II. 副词比较级和最高级的形式

副词比较级和最高级的变化形式与形容词基本上一样。 一、一般副词

better worse more less farther / further 比 较 级 best worst most least 最 高 级 farthest / furthest

hard→harder →hardest fast→faster →fastest late→later →latest early→earlier →earliest 二、特殊副词

well →better →best much →more →most badly →worse →worst little →less →least 三、开放类副词

开放类副词即以后缀-ly结尾的副词不能像形容词那样加-er或-est,而应在副词原形前加more或most。如:

quickly →more quickly →most quickly quietly →more quietly →most quietly

III. 形容词与副词比较级和最高级的基本用法

一、比较级

1.比较级通常由 “形容词(副词)比较级+than+…” 构成,表示在两者中间一方比

另一方“更加……”。连词than后可接句子,也可接名词、代词、名词短语、介词短语、动词、动词不定式、-ing结构和-ed结构,有时也可省去than。如:

Mary is happier than Jane. 玛丽比珍妮幸福。(形容词和系词连用) He lives more happily than I. 他过得比我幸福。(副词修饰行为动词) 2.注意than前后两项相比较的人或事物要一致。如:

The purpose of the research had a more important meaning for them than it did for us.

Sound travels faster through water than through air.

3. 比较级前还可用much, even, still, a little等词语来修饰,表示“……得多”,“甚至……”, “更……”,“……一些”等意思。如:

Japan is a little larger than Germany. 日本比德国大一点儿。

用“…times + 形容词的比较级 + than…”句式表示倍数;用“表示数量的词 + 比较级”来表示具体的比较差别。如:

Our room is twice larger than theirs. 我们的房间比他们的大两倍。 He is a head taller than I. 他比我高一头。 4.隐含比较级

1)有时比较级并不一定出现than,这时通过上下文可暗示出。如:

Are you feeling better now? 你现在感觉好些了吗? 2)有些形容词在表示比较的时候,跟“to”而不用“than”。如: prior to 较早的,较重要的 superior to优越,高于 inferior to 下等的,次的 senior to 年长的,地位高的 junior to年幼的,地位低的,迟的 preferable to 更好的

The task is prior to all others. 这项任务比其他所有的任务都重要。 In maths he felt superior to John. 他觉得自己数学比约翰强。 He is two years senior to me. 他比我大两岁。

Health without riches is preferable to riches without health. 贫穷但健康要比富有却多病更可取。 二、最高级

1.最高级用于三者以上比较,形容词的结构形式是“定冠词+形容词最高级+名

词+表示范围的短语或从句” (如of all, of the three, in the world, that has ever taken place等)。如:

Of all of the writers in England, William Shakespeare is the most widely known.

2.副词的最高级与形容词最高级的区别在于最高级前没有定冠词the。如:

He runs fastest of the three. 三个人中他跑得最快。

3.当用介词短语表明形容词最高级的比较范围,作介词宾语的名词或代词与句

中的主语属同一类人或物,并把主语包括在内时,用介词of;如不属于同一类人或物,而只说明在某一时间、空间范围内的比较时,用介词in。如: He is the tallest of the four boys. ( He 与boy属同类) He is the tallest in our class. ( He与 class不属同类)

4.可以用原级,比较级,最高级三种形式来表示最高级的意思。如:

She is the best student in her class.

She is better than any other student in her class. No other student in her class is better than she. No other student in her class is as good as she.

一般过去时

一.意义:表示过去某个时间发生的事情或存在的状态. 常与一般过去时态连用的时间有: yesterday,

yesterday morning (afternoon, evening…) last night (week, month, year…),

a moment ago , a week ago, three years ago… just now, 二.构成及变化

1. Be动词在一般过去时中的变化:

am 和is在一般过去时中变为was。(was not=wasn?t) are在一般过去时中变为were。(were not=weren?t)

带有was或were的句子,其否定、疑问的变化和is, am, are一样,即否定句在was或were后加not,一般疑问句把was或were调到句首。 2.行为动词在一般过去时中的变化 肯定句 : 主语 + 动词的过去式 . I watched a film last Sunday .

否定句 : 主语+ didn?t + 动词原形. I didn?t watch a film last Sunday .

一般疑问句:Did + 主语 + 动词原形 ?

Did you watch a film last Sunday ? Yes, I did . No , I didn?t . 特殊疑问句:疑问词+ 以did 开头的一般疑问句 ?

What did you do last Sunday ?

一般将来时

一、定义:一般将来时表示将来某一时刻要发生的动作或状态,或将来某一段时间要经常发生的动作或状态。常与表示将来的时间状语,如:tomorrow, next week,

next year, the day after tomorrow等连用。 二、基本结构:①be going to + do; ②will+ do.

三、否定句:在be动词(am, is, are)l后加not或情态动词will后加not成won?t。 例如:I?m going to have a picnic this afternoon.→ I?m not going to have a picnic this

afternoon.

四、一般疑问句: be或will提到句首,some改为any, and改为or,第一二人称互换。例如:We are going to go on an outing this weekend. → Are you going to go

on an outing this weekend?

五、对划线部分提问:一般情况,一般将来时的对划线部分有三种情况。 1. 问人。Who 例如:I?m going to New York soon. →Who?s going to New York soon. 2. 问干什么。What … do.例如: My father is going to watch a race with me this

afternoon. →What is your father going to do with you this afternoon.

3. 问什么时候。When.例如:She?s going to go to bed at nine. →When is she going to

bed? 六、同义句:be going to = will

I am going to go swimming tomorrow(明天). = I will go swimming tomorrow. 练习:填空。

1. 我打算明天和朋友去野炊。

I_____ _______ _________ have a picnic with my friends. I ________ have a picnic with my friends. 2. 下个星期一你打算去干嘛? 我想去打篮球。

What ________ ________ _________ _________ _________ next Monday? I _______ ______ _____ play basketball. What _________ you do next Monday? I ________ play basketball.

3. 你妈妈这个周末去购物吗?是,她要去买一些水果。

_____ your mother _______ ________ go shopping this ___________? Yes, she _________. She ______ ________ __________ buy some fruit. 4. 你们打算什么时候见面。

What time _______ you _________ __________ meet? 改句子。

5. Nancy is going to go camping.(改否定) Nancy ________ going to go camping. 6. I?ll go and join them.(改否定) I _______ go ______ join them.

7. I?m going to get up at 6:30 tomorrow.(改一般疑问句) ________ _______ ________ to get up at 6:30 tomorrow? 8. We will meet at the bus stop at 10:30.(改一般疑问句) _______ ________ meet at the bus stop at 10:30.

9. She is going to listen to music after school.(对划线部分提问) ________ _______ she ________ ________ _________ after school? 10. My father and mother are going to see a play the day after tomorrow.(同上)

_________ _________ going to see a play the day after tomorrow. 用所给词的适当形式填空。

11. Today is a sunny day. We ___________________ (have) a picnic this afternoon. 12. My brother _______________ (go) to Shanghai next week.

13. Tom often ______________(go) to school on foot. But today is rain. He ______________ (go) to school by bike.

14. What do you usually do at weekends? I usually ________ (watch) TV and ________(catch) insects?

15. It?s Friday today. What _____she _________ (do) this weekend? She ______________ (watch) TV and _____________ (catch) insects.

16. What ___________ (d0) you do last Sunday? I ____________ (pick) apples on a farm.

What ______________ (do) next Sunday? I ______________ (milk) cows. 17. Mary ____________ (visit) her grandparents tomorrow. 18. Liu Tao ____________ (fly) kites in the playground yesterday. 19. David ______________ (give) a puppet show next Monday. 20. I ________________ (plan) for my study now. 六年级英语一般将来时练习(1) 姓名: 班级: 一.根据答句写问句

1.A:________________________________________________? B:I?m going to visit my grandparents on the weekend

2.A:________________________________________________? B:We are going to go hiking this afternoon.

3.A:_________________________________________________? B:Mike is going to watch TV this evening.

4.A:__________________________________________________? B:Liu Yun is going to read books this Saturday.

5.A:___________________________________________________? B:They are going to take a trip next week.

6.A:____________________________________________________? B: I?m going to the bookstore tomorrow.

7.A:____________________________________________________? B: We are going to the cinema this evening.

8. A:___________________________________________________? B: John is going to the theme park this weekend.

9.A:_____________________________________________________? B: They are going to the Great Wall next month.

10.A:_____________________________________________________? B:I?m going at 2:30.

二.根据提示,写答句。

1. A:What are you going to do this morning? B:_______________________________________ 2. A: What is Tom going to buy in the bookstore? B:_______________________________________ 3. A:Where are they going tomorrow?

B:________________________________________

4. A: When are you going to the post office? (6:25) B:________________________________________ 5. A:How are you going to the cinema this evening? B:_________________________________________

6. A:Are you going to the theme park this sfternoon?(是) B:__________________________________________

7. A: Is Mike going to visit his grandparents this weekend?(不) B:__________________________________________ 8. A:Are they going to go hiking tomorrow?(是) B:____________________________________________ 9. A:What are they going to do this weekend? B:_________________________________________ 10.A: Is Kate going to the pet shop this evening?(是 Ⅰ.请在下列各题空格处填入shall或will。 1.You ______ not drive through a red light. 2.I ______ do everything for her.

3.______ you help me with this heavy bag, John? 4.______ I help you with that heavy bag, Madam? 5.Let's go and take a walk after dinner, ______ we?

6.No one ______ leave the classroom if I haven't said Okay, said the teacher. 7.It ______ soon be over, I am sure.

8.Do what you ______ , but don't go out.

9.I ______ take you there with me, if it's OK with your mother. 10.Rain or shine, I ______ come.

一般现在时

一、 定义与讲解

一般现在时:表示经常性的事情,经常性的动作或一般性事实。

时间状语:often 经常,usually通常,always 总是,every每个,sometimes 有时,at …在几点钟

只有在第三人称单数用动词的“三单变化”,其他用动词的原形。 三单变化:1.多数在动词后+s play — plays like — likes (1)直接在动词词尾加-s.

ask---asks work---works get---gets stay---stays

(2)以字母s, x, ch, sh或o结尾的动词,在词尾直接加-es. watch---watches wish---wishes fix---fixes do---does go---goes pass---passes

(3)以“辅音字母加 - y”结尾的动词,要先变y为i再加-es. try---tries study---studies cry---cries fly---flies 2.不规则变化:

be---- is are have----has

二、一般现在时用法

1. 表示经常性,习惯性,永久性的动作或存在的状态.通常与副词sometimes, often, usually, always, every day (year, month ), once (twice, three times) a day,等时间状语连用。

They usually go to school by bike. I take the medicine three times a day. She helps her mother once a week. Mary?s father is a policeman.

There are 50 students in my class.

2. 表示客观真理,科学原理,自然现象,等客观事实或格言,谚语等。

The sun rises in the east and sets in the west every day.

The man who has never been to the Great Wall is not a real man. Tomorrow is Tuesday. 三、一般现在时的句子转换:

(1)当句子中有be动词或情态动词时,则把be动词或情态动词(can,could等等)提到主语的前面变成疑问句;在be动词或情态动词后面加not变成否定句. 例:①陈述句:She is a student. 疑问句→ Is she a student? 否定句→ She is not a student.

②陈述句:I can swim. 疑问句→ Can you swim 否定句→ I can not swim.

(2) 当句子中即没有be动词,也没有情态动词时,则在主语前加助动词do (you,以及复数), does(单数she,he,it)变成问句;在主语后谓语动词前加助动词don?t(I,you,以及复数), doesn?t(单数she,he,it)变成否定句,助动词后的动

词要变成动词原形。

例:①陈述句:We get up at 7:00 every morning. 疑问句→Do you get up at 7:00 every morning? 否定句→We don?t get up at 7:00 every morning. ②陈述句:She has a little brother.

疑问句→ Does she have a little brother? 否定句→ She doesn?t have a little brother. (一).用动词的适当形式填空

1. She _________(go) to school at seven o?clock. 2. It?s 6 o?clock. They are _________ (eat) supper. 3. He usually ___________ up at 17:00.(get ) 4. She ___________ (live) in Beijing. 5. Amy _________ (be) here just now.

6. _______ (be)there a fly on the table just now? 7. My father __________ (watch) TV every evening . 8. My father _______________ (make) toys these days. 9.?________ Amy _________ (read) English every day

10. Chen Jie sometimes _________(go)to the park with her sister. (二).选择填空

1.I want____homework now. A. doing B. to do C. to do my D. do my

2.It's time______.

A. go to school B. play games C. to go home D. to do my homeworks

3.______go and help her. A. Let's me B. Let's us C. Let's D. Let's to

4.Do they have a new car? Yes,_____.

A .they are B.they have C. they don't D. they do 5.He often _________ supper at 6:00 in the evening. A. have B. has c. is having D. is eating

6. We _____________ any Chinese classes on Friday.

A. are having B. aren?t having C. don?t have D. are have (三)、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。

1. He often _________ (have) dinner at home.

2. Daniel and Tommy _________ (be) in Class One. 3. We _________ (not watch) TV on Monday. 4. Nick_________ (not go) to the zoo on Sunday. 5. they _________ (like) the World Cup?

6. What they often_________ (do) on Saturdays?

7. your parents _________ (read) newspapers every day? 8. The girl _________ (teach) us English on Sundays.

9. She and I _________ (take) a walk together every evening. 10. There _________ (be) some water in the bottle. 11. Mike_________ (like) cooking.

12. They _________ (have) the same hobby.

13. My aunt _________ (look) after her baby carefully. 14. You always _________ (do) your homework well. 15. I _________ (be) ill. I?m staying in bed.

16. She _________ (go) to school from Monday to Friday. 17. Liu Tao _________ (do) not like PE.

18. The child often _________ (watch) TV in the evening.

19. Wang Kai and Wang li_________ (have) eight lessons this term. 20. -What day _________ (be) it today? - It?s Saturday.

1. We often___________(play) in the playgound. 2. He _________(get) up at six o?clock.

3. __________you _________(brush) your teeth every morning. 4. What __________(do) he usually (do) after school?

5. Danny__________(study) English,Chinese,Maths,Science and Art an scho6. Mike sometimes __________(go) to the park with his sister. 7. At eight at night, she __________(watch) TV with his parents. 8. ________ Mike________(read) English every day?

9. How many lessons_________your classmate________(have) on Monday? 10.What time_________his mother_________(do) the housework? 1. Do you often play football after school? (肯定回答) 2. I have many books. (改为否定句)

3. Gao Shan?s sister likes playing table tennis (改为否定句)

4. She lives in a small town near New York. (改为一般疑问句) 5. I watch TV every day. (改为一般疑问句) 6. David has got a goal. (改为一般疑问句) 7. We have four lessons.(否定句)

ol.

8. Nancy doesn?t run fast (肯定句)

9. My dog runs fast. 否定句: 一般疑问句:

10. Mike has two letters for him.一般疑问句: 否定句:

11. I usually (play football )on Friday afternoon.否定句: 一般疑问句: 括号内容提问

12. Su Yang usually washes some clothes on Saturday. 否定句:

一般疑问句: 划线提问:

13. Mingming usually waters the flowers every day 否定句:

一般疑问句: 划线提问

14. Tom does his homework at home. 否定句:

一般疑问句: 划线提问