crashing into the courtyard below是现在分词短语，作宾语补足语。crash （不及物动词）直接用主动形式，smash（及物动词）可用被动
一个句子中不能出现两个动词，如果出现了两个动词，要用 and 或 but 连接；或者把其中一个作为非谓语动词to do(表目的)，-ed(表被动)，-ing(表主动)。 6、The young man did not wake up until the bed had struck the ground.
not…until 表示―直到……才‖，until 前面没有 not 时，与表示一段时间的―持续动词‖连用；有 not时，常用表示某一时间点的动词（或瞬间动词）连用： I‘ll stay here until Monday. 我要在这儿呆到星期一。 I won‘t leave until Monday. 我要到星期一才离开。 7、Although the bed was smashed to pieces, the man was miraculously unhurt. although 尽管；though 虽然，意义差不多，以从句出现 to pieces 粉碎地，成碎片地 The cup was broken to pieces.
8、Glancing at the bits of wood and metal that lay around him, the man sadly picked up the mattress and carried it into his house.
glancing为现在分词，引导的短语相当于一个时间状语从句after he glanced at…。动词的ing形式一定强调某一个名词之间的主动关系。 glance v. 看一眼，扫视
Joe glanced through the newspaper while talking to me. 乔一边和我聊天，一边浏览报纸。 bits = pieces
lie (lay，lain) 不及物动词，后面一定要加―around‖，不能说成―lay him‖
【Key structures】 复合句的语序
复合句可用两种方法构成：一是用连词把从句与主句连接起来；二是用分词结构或不定式。
1、用连词连接的复合句 ① 在复合句中，从句可以是名词从句（即起名词的作用）。在句子中，它可以作主语、宾语或be等系动词的表语，一般由that引导，有时也用what（疑问词引导的除外）
I know (that) the meeting will be put off. ② 从句可以是关系（或形容词）从句，关系代词通常有who，whom，that，which和whose。 ③ 从句可以是状语（或副词）从句，时间状语连词有 when，after，before，as soon as，until，while，as，since等；地点状语从句连词有where，everywhere，anywhere等；方式状语从句连词有as或短语in the way (that)等，方式状语从句在动词be，feel，seem，appear等后面也可以由连词as if和as though来引导；
原因状语从句由 because，as 等引导；条件状语从句可由 if 及其他连词引导；让步状语从句使句子具有对比的因素，它们一般由连词although，though，even though，even if等引导；目的状语从句可由so that，inorder that等连词引导；结果状语从句描述结果，可由so+形容词+that引导，也可由such (a) +（形容词） +
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名词 + that 来引导；比较状语从句结构包括as +形容词/副词 + as，not so/as … as，形容词/副词的比较级
+than，more…than，less…than等
He has been ill since he came back from his holidays.
With a special train ticket, you can travel anywhere/everywhere you like in Europe for just over $100.
Type this again as/in the way (that) I showed you just now. As you can‘t go yourself, you‘ll have to ask Susan go for you. 既然你自己不能去，那你就请苏珊替你去吧。 2、分词结构的复合句 ① 用现在分词结构可以代替时间从句、原因从句、关系从句等，现在分词结构的这种用法仅限于两个动作的主语一致的时候。用它代替时间从句时，分词结构表示的动作如果发生在前，则分词结构要位于主语前；如果两个动作同时发生，那么分词结构既可以位于主句前，也可以位于主句后。分词结构位于主句 前面时，要用逗号隔开。
I got very angry speaking to them.
Feeling tired, I went to bed earlier than usual.
Following his mom, he went there.(主动概念, 跟着他母亲去了那儿) ② 过去分词结构常用于比较正式的文体，往往代替被动语态 Damaged in an accident, the car has now been repaired.
Followed by his mom, he went there. (被动概念, 被他母亲带着跟着去了那儿) 3、不定式结构的复合句
这种结构通常可以代替表示目的或表示条件的状语从句：
To get into university you have to pass a number of examinations.
Lesson 50 Taken for a ride
★ride n. 旅行（不走路的）；v. 骑(车, 马)
trip n.（出差性的）旅行（旅行地方不远或呆的时间不长） travel n.（周游世界性的）旅行 journey n.（陆地上的）旅行 flight n.（空中）旅行 voyage n.（海上）旅行 tour n. 游玩
sightseeing n. 观光游 ★excursion n. 远足，游玩, 郊游(距离不会很远) weekend's excursion 周末游 a day's excursion 一日游
Tomorrow we will have a day's excursion. ★view n. 景色(主观性较强)
in one's view＝in one's opinion 就某人看来 sight n. 景色, 视线, 视野(强调客观) Can I have a room with a good view?
【课文讲解】
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1、Taken for a ride
take…for… 把……当作……
taken for a ride 就当作是一次兜风 take sb. for a ride 欺骗 taken for 上当了
2、I love travelling in the country, but I don't like losing my way. love/ like doing sth. 喜欢做某事（强调一种习惯） I love my brother, but I don't like his girlfriend.
I love having dinner with you, but I don't like paying for dinner. lose one‘s way 迷路
3、I went on an excursion recently, but my trip took me longer than I expected. go on an excursion ＝have an excursion 作一次短距离的旅行 go on 进行，为（某一目的）而去 I‘ll go on holiday next month. Did you go on a trip last month?
take sb. some time 花费某人多少时间 My trip took me a long time.
It takes sb. some time to do sth. 花费某人多少时间 It took me a month to learn book 2.
It takes sb. some time that… 花费某人多少时间 sb. spend some time (on) doing sth. I spent a month learning English. sb. spend some time on sth. 金钱上的花费cost, pay for sth.
than I expected 比我所预料的（口语） The question is easier than I expected. You are more beautiful than I expected. You are better than I expected.
The holiday took you longer than I expected. than I thought 比我原以为的
The English class took me longer than I thought. 4、'but I don't know where it is.'
where it is 注意单词的连读，音标以元音音标结尾，字母以―re‖或―er‖结尾的，会与下一个元音之间加―r‖这个音。
5、'I'll tell you where to get off.' answered the conductor. get on the bus 上车 ；get off the bus 下车 I will tell you where you can (should) get off. No one got on/off (the bus) at the last bus stop. ―特殊疑问词+to+动词原形‖可用来取代宾语从句
Can you tell me how I can get there? =Can you tell me how to get there? Can you tell me what I should do ? =Can you tell me what to do? I don't know which to choose. I wonder when to have a meeting. Can you tell me how to begin a letter?
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【语法精粹】
1、Did you find out__c__the pie out of oven?
a. to take b. have taken c. when to take d. being taken find out 发现
take sth. out of 取出来
Did you find out when we could(can)take the pie out of oven? 你发现什么时候才能把馅饼从烤箱中拿出来了吗?
6、I sat in the front of the bus to get a good view of the countryside. in the front of 在（某一事物的）前部，前者属于后者的范围 The teacher stands in the front of the classroom. in front of 在……前面，前者不属于后者的范围 The teacher stands in front of the students. get a good view of 欣赏……的美景
I stood at the window to get a good view of the city.
7、Looking round, I realized with a shock that I was the only passenger left on the bus.
非谓语动词（现在分词或过去分词）做状语, 这个动作必然与主句主语有关：－ing与主句主语构成主动关系；－ed 与主句主语构成被动关系；to do与主句主语构成目的关系 .如果非谓语动词做定语, 只与被修饰词相关, 与主语无关 passing plain 路过的飞机； ploughed field 耕过的地 如果-ing/-ed做宾补, 与宾语有关
I find the door locked. （locked被动，门被锁） with+ n. 表示状态 I do sth with an excitement. left 放在被修饰词之后
on the bus = in the bus 在火车上、汽车上既可以用―in‖又可用―on‖ 8、'This is as far as we go.'
as far as + 从句 到……程度/限度，就……的限度而言 as far as we go＝we couldn't go any more This is as far as I can do.
I can't bear(it any more). / It was more than I could bear. = This is as far as I bear.
This is as far as I can understand.
This is as far as I can afford. 我只能付这么多钱 As far as I now, they haven‘t returned from abroad. This is as far as I can help you.
9、'Oh dear,' said the conductor suddenly. 'I forgot to put you off.' oh dear 哦, 天呐
forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事
I forget to shut the door. 我忘了锁门 forget doing sth. 忘记已经做了什么事
I forget shutting the door. 我忘了门已经锁了 put sb. off 让……下车（或飞机、船等）
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put sb. off ＝remind sb. to do 提醒（某人）…… put sb. off 推脱, 敷衍
My son always asks me to take him up. I always put him off. put sth. off 推迟, 延期
put off the meeting，put off the appointment
10、'Well, in that case, I prefer to stay on the bus,' I answered. in that(this) case 如果那样（这样）的话，既然是那样（这样） Is he one of your best friends? In that/this case, you may invite him. prefer to do sth. 宁可做某事
prefer to do…rather than… 宁可……也不……
【Key structures】 表示习惯性动作
表示状态、感觉、情绪、精神活动的动词appear，appreciate，believe，feel，forget，hear，know，like，look，notice，remember，resemble，see，think，understand，belong to，consist of，contain，desire，detest，dislike，hate，hope，love，matter，mean，mind，need，want，wish常用于一般现在时而不用于进行时
【Special Difficulties】 Lose, Loose, Miss.
lose vt. 失去，丧失，遗失，丢失
eg. Roy has lost his job again. eg.She lost her parents when she was sixteen.
If you bet on that horse you will lose your money. （bet on sth 就……打赌） loose adj. 松动的，松的，松开的
Servral screws have come loose. （come loose，松了（系动词+adj.）） The handle of this suitcase is very / has come loose. miss v. 怀念, 思念, 错过，未能……，缺（课等），惦念，想念 Hurry or you‘ll miss the train. I missed my English lesson. missing adj. 不见了的
sth. is lost = sth. is missing missing boy 失踪了的孩子(不能用 ―lost‖ ) Expect, Wait for
expect 可以表示―预计……可能发生（或来到），等待，期盼‖，它表示等待时往往侧重人的心理而不是具体在某个地方等。 I expect / I‘m expecting to hear from you.
I‘m expecting the bus to arrive in the next ten minutes. My trip took me longer than I expected. wait for主要指―等待‖这个动作本身。 I‘m waiting for the next bus.
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