文章意图，因此抓住最后一段内容是关键，例如本篇第4题，前面介绍了关于流感的一些常识，最后一段说，专家说今年的流感与往年没什么不同，没有很多人因流感而住院，大多说流感患者可自行康复，由此可知这篇文章的目的是消除人们对流感的恐慌。
C.
Your colleague’s sharp comment keeps replaying in your mind. Two of your students are trapped in a “he said/she said” battle. When you reflect on your emotional reactions, you sometimes get caught up in cycles of negative feelings, which can make you feel even worse. If so, the answer may lie in a skill called “self-distancing”，the ability to take a step back and view yourself more objectively. According to a research, when people adopt self-distancing while discussing a difficult event, they make better sense of their reactions, experience less emotional suffering, and display fewer signs of stress.
But what might self-distancing look like in action? Consider a typical “he said/she said” student conflict where they are each focusing on their own feelings. One is thinking，“I can’t believe he did that to me.” And another insists, “She really hurt my feelings.” However, if you ask them to take the self-distancing, they might step outside of themselves and ask broader questions: “Why was he so hurt in this situation?” or “How did her anger affect him?”
Although this approach may sound too simple to be effective, studies indicate that a change in point of view can have a powerful effect on the way people think, feel, and behave. Here are several different techniques you can try.
First，consider how a thoughtful friend might respond after quietly observing their situation. Besides, avoid using the pronoun “I”. Focus on using third-person pronouns, he, she, they, and they were able to see the stressful event as challenging rather than threatening. Finally, ask yourself, “How would I feel about this one week from now or ten years from now?” This form of mental time travel may be effective because our attention is directed away from our immediate, concrete circumstances. 8. What is self-distancing?
A. Getting stuck in negative emotions. C. A study on relieving emotional stress. 9. Paragraph 2 is developed by____. A. example C. classification
B. definition D. process
B. A stressful situation.
D. Reflecting on yourself objectively.
10. Which of the following statement uses the techniques of self-distancing? A. I’m angry with him.
B. How I wish I could go back to the past! C. How did these two people get to this point? D. He grabbed my notes, and then, and then... 11. What is the best title for the passage? A. Why Self-distancing Matters B. The Application of Self-distancing C. Breaking the Cycle of Negative Reflection D. Ways to Reflect on Emotional Reactions 【答案】8. D 9. A 10. C 11. C 【解析】 【分析】
本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍的是一种有助于打破消极循环的技巧——自我疏远。 【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中的“the ability to take a step back and view yourself more objectively”可知，自我疏远指的是客观地反思自己，故D项正确。 【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中
“Consider a typical “he said/she said” student conflict where they are
each focusing on their own feelings.”及“However, if you ask them to take the self-distancing, they might step outside of themselves and ask broader questions: “Why was he so hurt in this situation?” or “How did her anger affect him?””可知，本段以学生冲突为例说明了自我疏远在实际行动中的应用，因此本段是通过举例的手法展开的，故A项正确。 【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Besides, avoid using the pronoun “I”. Focus on using third-person pronouns, he, she, they,”可知，避免使用代词“我”，专注于使用第三人称代词他、她或他们，故C项（这两个人是怎么走到这一步的？）正确。 【11题详解】
主旨大意题。结合本文内容，尤其是根据第一段中的“When you reflect on your emotional reactions, you sometimes get caught up in cycles of negative feelings, which can make you feel even
的worse. If so, the answer may lie in a skill called “self-distancing””可知，当你反思自己的情绪反应时，你有时会陷入消极情绪的循环，如果是这样，答案可能是一种叫自我疏远的技巧，由此可知本文介绍的是打破消极循环的技巧——自我疏远，故C项正确。
【点睛】说明文的主旨大意题的难度较大，抓住文章第一段是关键，例如本篇第4题，根据第一段中的“When you reflect on your emotional reactions, you sometimes get caught up in cycles of negative feelings, which can make you feel even worse. If so, the answer may lie in a skill called “self-distancing””可知，当你反思自己的情绪反应时，你有时会陷入消极情绪的循环，如果是这样，答案可能是一种叫自我疏远的技巧，由此可知本文介绍的是打破消极循环的技巧——自我疏远，而不是自我疏远的应用或自我疏远的重要性。
D
I once complained to my friend Mike, “I often cycle two miles from my house to the town center but unfortunately there is a big hill on the route.” He replied, “You mean fortunately.” He explained that I should be glad of the extra exercise that the hill provided.
My attitude to the hill has now changed. I used to complain as I approached it but now I tell myself the following. This hill will exercise my heart and lungs. It will help me to lose weight and get fit. It will mean that I live longer. This hill is my friend. Finally I comfort myself with the thought of all those silly people who pay money to go to a gym and sit on stationary exercise bicycles when I can get the same value for free. I have a smile of satisfaction as I reach the top of the hill.
Problems are there to be faced and overcome. We cannot achieve anything with an easy life. Helen Keller was the first deaf and blind person to gain a university degree. Her activism and writing proved inspirational. She wrote, “The character cannot be developed with ease. Only through experiences of suffering can the soul be strengthened, vision cleared, ambition inspired and success achieved.”
One of the main determinants of success in life is our attitude towards adversity. From time to time we all face hardships，problems，accidents and difficulties. Some are of our making but many are no fault of our own. While we cannot choose adversity, we can choose our attitude towards it.
Douglas Bader was 21 when in 1931 he had both legs cut off following a flying accident. He was determined to fly again and went on to become one of the leading flying aviators in the Battle of Britain with 22 aerial victories over the Germans. He was an inspiration to others during the war. He said, “Don’t listen to anyone who tells you that you can’t do this or that. That’s nonsense. Make up
your mind, and you’ll never use crutches or a stick, and then have a go at everything. Go to school, and join in all the games you can. Go anywhere you want to. But never, never let them persuade you that things are too difficult or impossible.”
The biographies of great people are full of examples of how they took steps to overcome the difficulties they faced. The common thread is that they did not become depressed. They chose their attitude. They chose to be positive. They took on the challenge. They won. Nevertheless, there is still the problem of how you change your attitude towards adversity.
12. Which of the following is TRUE according to the author of the passage? A. One who wants to achieve success can’t expect to live an easy life. B. Climbing hills on bicycles is the best way to take exercise. C. Going to a gym is greatly beneficial to people’s health. D. People’s attitude to hardships is the only factor of their success.
13. What does the author intend to tell us by quoting what Douglas Bader said? A. Failure is the mother of success. B. A bad workman quarrels with his tools. C. If you risk nothing, you will have nothing. D. Nothing is difficult to the man who will try.
14. What will the author further talk about in the following paragraph?
A. How his friend helped him to change his attitude towards the challenge he faced. B. Why it is important to keep optimistic in the face of trouble.
C. What steps to take to change your attitude towards the difficulties you face. D. What great people have in common.
15. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage? A. Different attitudes towards misfortune B. Face difficulties with a smile C. Nothing is impossible D. Life is full of adversity
【答案】12. A 13. D 14. C 15. B 【解析】
本文为议论文。生活中，决定成败的主要因素之一是我们对待逆境的态度。虽然我们不能避