Transcendentalism are Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau whose ideas greatly influenced the American people.
6. Lost Generation --- It is a term in frequent use after WWI in reference to the young
men who survived physically but were afterwards spiritually and morally adrift. So the lost generation refers to disillusioned writers who wrote after WWI. Many of them went to the battle. After the war, they rebelled against former ideals and values and can’t find new ones to replace. It first coined by Gertrude Stein. In Paris, she opens the door to American expatriates. She once said to Hemingway,―You’re all a lost generation.‖ It was used as preface to The Sun Also Rises. Then it became popular. Fitzgerald once said they are―a generation grown up to find all gods died, all wars fought, all faith in men shaken‖.
Ⅵ. Translation. (5分 x 2题 = 10分)
1. Nature does the same favor to every human being, whether rich or poor. So all the
humans put on the nature deep dependence, especially in the countryside, where people have been living the same life for thousands of years. They plant crops and grapes, make wine to drink, feed the cattle and milk the cow, weed and plant flowers. They go to church at weekends, and play music instruments on the plaza in the festivals, dancing and singing. The previous rural farms remain today's sweet home. In this way, each area has legends of its own and the customs passed down. --- 大自然对人的恩赐,无论贫富,一律平等。所以人们对于大自然全部一致并深深地依赖着。尤其在乡间, 上千年来人们一直以不变的方式生活着，种植庄稼和葡萄,酿酒和饮酒,喂牛和挤奶,锄草和栽花;在周末去教堂祈祷和做礼拜,在节日到广场拉琴、跳舞和唱歌。往日的田园依旧是今日的温馨家园。这样，每个地方都有自己的传说,风俗也就衍传了下来。
2. 我们认\\为/这\\些真理是\\不\\言/而/喻\\的：人/人/生/而/平/等，他们都从/他们/的\\―造\\物\\主‖
那/边被\\赋\\予了\\某些不\\可剥夺/的权/利\\，其/中包括\\生命\\权/、自\\由/权/和追求/幸\\福/的\\权/利\\。…… 为\\了保障\\这\\些权/利\\，人/类\\才/在\\他们之间\\建\\立\\政\\府，而/政\\府之正\\当\\权/力\\，是\\经被\\治\\理者的\\同/意\\而/产生的。We hold these truths to be self-evident,
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that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator上帝 with certain unalienable rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness. That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed.
3. 生活像一杯红酒，热爱生活的人会从中品出无穷的美妙。将它握在手中观察，它的暗红有
血的感觉，那正是生命的痕迹。抿一口留在口中回味，它的甘甜有一丝苦涩，如人生一般复杂迷离。喝一口下肚，余香润人心肺，让人终受益。红酒越陈越美味，生活越丰富越美好。当人生走向晚年，就如一瓶待开封的好酒，其色彩是沉静的，味道中充满慷慨与智慧。Life is like a cup of wine; people who love it discover inexhaustible wonders from it. Hold in the hand and gaze at it, the dark red color is reminiscent of the blood, which is the impress of life. Take a sip of it and appreciate the taste, the bittersweet flavor is exactly the same with life, which is complicated and blurred. Once the sip is swallowed, the lingering fragrance pleases the heart and refreshes the mind, leaving a person lifelong benefit. There was a remarkable resemblance between life and wine: the taste becomes more delicious as the wine mellows, just as life gets better as it becomes more abundant. When life comes to twilight years, it looks calm and tastes full of wisdom and generosity, just like a bottle of wine to be savored.
4. 在海明威的作品中，其主要人物或主角由于具有共同的人格素质，相似的人生经历，并存
在于相同的生存环境，人物在冲突中的反应，人物对环境对自我的认识和态度，以及人物被塑造的手段所具有的连贯性，使这些人物形成了一个可辨认的群体特征。当评论家们注意并研究这一共同特征时，他们运用了一个被广泛接受的字眼来概述它，即―硬汉式‖主角模式。--- In Hemingway’s works, there exists certain group features identifiable in the protagonists, or the 'heroes', portrayed by Hemingway, due to the act that these characters share identical personalities and life experiences and that they bear similar attitudes towards society and themselves. Their way of life could be commonly recognized by the way in which they respond to conflicts as well as the way in which they are depicted. The critics in their description of these characters used the term 'code hero', quite inaccurately over-generalizing the common features of them, to refer to all the heroes in Hemingway's stories.
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5. In that dizzy moment her feet to her scarce seemed to touch the ground, and a
moment brought her to the water's edge. Right on behind they came; and, nerved with strength such as God gives only to the desperate, with one wild cry and flying leap, she vaulted sheer over the turbid current by the shore, on to the raft of ice beyond. It was a desperate leap – impossible to anything but madness and despair; and Haley, Sam, and Andy, instinctively cried out, and lifted up their hands, as she did it. --- 一瞬间, 伊莱扎几乎脚不沾地地飞到河边, 追捕她的人紧跟在身后。在老天给予绝望者的非凡力量的帮助下, 她纵身一跳, 越过岸边的混水, 跳到了远处的冰筏上。那是拼死的一跳, 只有在疯狂或绝望时才会有这样的一跳。看着伊莱扎这样的跳跃, 赫利、山姆、艾迪都本能地大喊起来, 同时举起了双手。
6. The huge green fragment of ice on which she alighted pitched and creaked as her
weight came on it, but she staid there not a moment. With wild cries and desperate energy she leaped to another and still another cake; stumbling -- leaping -- slipping -- springing upwards again! Her shoes are gone -- her stockings cut from her feet -- while blood marked every step; but she saw nothing, felt nothing, till dimly, as in a dream, she saw the Ohio side, and a man helping her up the bank. --- 她跳上去的那块巨大的绿色冰授在她身体的重压下左摇右晃, 发出了咯吱吱的响声, 但她不能有片刻停留, 她狂叫着用尽力气跳到了一块冰筷上, 接着是另一块, 滑倒了, 站起来再跳。鞋子 掉了, 袜子划破了, 每走一步都留下斑斑血迹。但她什么也不看, 什么也不昕, 身上也没什么感觉, 最后, 好像在梦中似的, 她隐约看 到了俄亥俄河的岸边, 一个男子把她扶上了岸。 Ⅶ literary essay writing(15分 x 1题 = 15分)
Example :Freneau and The Wild Honey Suckle
This is one of the most quoted works of Freneau. It was written in 1786 in regular 4 tetrameter stanzas, with 6 lines for each stanza and a rhyme scheme of \\on the religious theme and either in style or structurally they imitated English poets.
A philosophical meditation is indicated by the description of the fate of a trivial wild plant. In this poem, the poet writes with the strong implication that, though in the work no one is presented in person, human beings may at times envy the flower. This
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is not seen not because the ―roving foot‖ would ―crush‖; nor that ―the busy hand‖ would ―provoke a tear‖; nor because of the ―vulgar eye,‖ but because of the fact that the human being has the ability to foresee his death. Whereas, the flower, with its happy ignorance, lacks this consciousness and is completely unaware of its doom. Its innocence left it happier than the foreseeing human beings. Unfortunately, the human beings are quite unwilling to refuse this knowledge and that arouses all their sufferings.
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