CH3(3)CH3-CH-O-CH3+HI(浓)OHCH3-CH-CH2-CH-CH3CH3K2Cr2O7H+CH3CH3-CH-OH+CH3I
OCH3-CH-CH2-C-CH3CH3(4)(5)(6)
CH3CH2CH2CH2-OH+SOCl2CH3CH2CH2CH2-Cl
CH3OHH2SO4CH3-CH-CH-CH3O170CCH3-C=CH-CH3CH3KMnO4 / H+CH3-C=OCH3+CH3COOH
(7)
OHC2H5浓H2SO4C2H5(1)O3(2)Zn / H2OOCH3CH2-C-CH2CH2CH2CHO
(8) O+CH3CH2CH2CH2OHCH2-CH2OHOCH2CH2CH2CH3
BrH3COHBr2H3COHBr
(9)
(10)
OHNaOHONaCH3Br
OCH3HIOH+CH3I 4、
(1)1,4-丁二醇 > 正辛醇 > 3-己醇 > 2-甲基-2-戊醇 > 正己烷 (2)
① 碳酸>邻甲苯酚>水>苯甲醇>苯甲醚
② 2,4-二硝基苯酚>邻硝基苯酚>苯酚>邻甲苯酚 (3) ④>②>③>① 5、 (1)
CH3CH2OCH2CH3CH2-CH2CH2CH3BrCH2-CH2CH2CH3OHCH2-CH2CH=CH2OH
abcd
abAgNO3c醇d(2)
白:b无气体放出:a无沉淀:a,c,dNa有气体放出:c,dBr2不褪色:a
白:d变绿快:a无沉淀:a,b,cK2Cr2O7H+褪色:dabAg(NH3)2cd
(3)
OH变绿慢:b不变色:c
显深蓝色:OHOHCH2-CH-CH2OHOHOHCu(OH)2CH2-CH-CH2OHOHOHOH不变色:OHFeCl3显紫色:不显色:OH6、分子间的氢键:(1)、(4)。分子内的氢键:(2)、(3) 7、、(1) HBr CH3CH2-CH2-CH2OHCH3CH2-CH2-CH2BrNaCN醇CH3CH2CH2CH2CNH3O+
CH3CH2CH2CH2COOH(2)
CH3CH2-CH2-CH2OHCu
H2SO4170COCH3CH2-CH=CH2H2SO4H2OCH3CH2-CH-CH3OH
(3)
CH3CH2-C-CH3O
CH3CH2-CH2-CH2OHH2SO4170COH2SO4170COCH3CH2-CH=CH2H2SO4H2OCH3CH2-CH-CH3OHCH2=CH-CH=CH2CH3CH=CH-CH3Br2CH3CH-CH-CH3NaOHBrBrC2H5OHH2SO4H2O(4)
CH3CH2-CH2-CH2OHH2SO4170OCH2SO4170CO3H2O/ZnO
CH3CH2-CH=CH2CH3CH2-CH-CH3OHCH3CH=CH-CH3CH3CHO8、 (1)
CH3-CH2-CH2OHH2SO4170CO
H2SO4H2OK2Cr2O4H+CH3-CH=CH2CH3-CH-CH3OHCH3COCH3(2)
OHNaONaH2SO4170OC
CH3CH2IOC2H5(3)
CH3CH2-CH2-CH2OHNaCN醇CH3CH2-CH=CH2
CH3CH2-CH-CH3ClHClCH3CH2-CH-CH3CN(4)
CH3OHH2SO4170OCCH3KMnO4H+OCH3-C-CH2CH2CH2COOH
9、
OCH3HIOH+CH3I
AOHNaOHBONaCCH3IAgNO3醇CH3ONO2+AgI黄B10、
C
CH3CH2-CH2-CH2OHHClZnCl2CH3CH2-CH2-CH2ClAH2SO4170OCBNaOH/醇CH3CH2-CH=CH2CKMnO4H+CH3CH2COOH+CO2H2OHCl/ZnCl2ECH3CH2-CH-CH3Cl
第八章 醛、酮、醌习题参考答案
1、
(1)2-甲基丙醛 (2)4-甲基-2-羟基苯甲醛 (3)5-甲基2—己烯醛 (4)3-甲基-2-丁酮 (5)2,4-己二酮 (6)2-甲基4-戊酮-1-醛 (7)2-甲基-1,4-环己二酮 (8)水合甲醛 2、
(1) (2) (3)
CH3-CH2-CH-CH2-CHOCH3CH3-CH-CH2-C-CH3BrCH3O
(4) (5) (6)
CH=N-OHC-CH3O
CH3-C=N-NH-
CH3NNH-C-NH23、
(1)
OH
OO
CNCuCH3-CH-CH2CH3H2OH+(2)
OHCOOHCH3-C-CH2CH3HCNOHCH3-C-CH2-CH3CH3-C-CH2-CH3O2N
O2NOCH3-C-CH2CH2CH3+H2N-NH-CH3-C=NNH-NO2H3CH2CH2COMgBrCH3CH2CH2CH-CH2CH3H2O/H+NO2(3)
CH3CH2CH2CHO+CH3CH2MgBr无水乙醚
OHCH3CH2CH2CH-CH2CH3 (4)