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Oxymoron£¨Ã¬¶ÜÐÞÊΣ©ÔÚÓ¢ÓïÊ«¸èÀïÓõÃÊ®·ÖÆձ飨ÓÈÒÔ16¡¢17ÊÀ¼ÍΪʢ£©£¬ÆäÔÚÉ¢Îļ°ÆäËûÎÄÌåÖеÄÔËÓã¬Ëä²»¼°Simile, MetaphorµÈ´Ç¸ñÄÇÑùƵ·±£¬µ«Ò಻º±¼û¡£È磺 The mother is undergoing the joyful pain, and the painful joy of childbirth. ÕâλĸÇ×Õý¾ÊÜ×Å·ÖÃäʱÄÇÖÖ»¶ÀÖµÄÍ´¿àºÍÍ´¿àµÄ»¶ÀÖ¡£
*Oxymoron°ÑĸÇ×ÁÙ²úʱÄÇÖÖ¿àÖÐÓÐÀÖ¡¢ÀÖÖÐÓпàµÄ¸´ÔÓ¸ÐÊܱí´ïµÃÁÜÀ쾡Ö¡£
The Major again pressed to his blue eyes the tips of the fingers that were disposed on the edge of the wheeled chair with careful carelessness. (Charles Dickens: Dombey and Son) ÉÙУÓÃÒ»ÖÖ¾«ÐÄ×ö³öµÄÂþ²»¾ÐĵÄ×Ë̬£¬ÔٴΰÑÔÀ´·ÅÔÚÂÖÒαßÉϵÄÖ¸¼â°´×¡×Ô¼ºµÄÀ¶ÑÛ¾¦¡£ * careful carelessness.Ãè»æÁËÒ»¸ö¼Ùװ˹ÎÄÕßµÄÐÊÐÊ×÷̬¡£
There was an audible stillness, in which the common voice sounded strange. ³ÊÏÖ³öһƬÉùÓÌÔÚ¶úµÄ¼Å¾²£¬¶øÒ»°ãµÄÉùÒôµ¹ÏÔµÃÓÐЩÒìÑùÁË¡£ Love is cruel, love is sweet Cruel sweet,
Lovers sigh till lovers meet, Sigh and meet
Sigh and meet, sigh and again Cruel sweet! O sweetest pain! °®Çé²ÐÈÌ°®ÇéÌ𡪡ª ²ÐÈ̶øÓÖÌð£¬
ÇéÈ˳¦¶Ïµ½Ïà¼û¡ª¡ª
³¦¶Ïµ½Ïà¼û£¬Ïà±ð³¦Óֶϡª¡ª ²ÐÈ̵ÄÌðºÇ£¡×îÌðµÄ³¦¶Ï£¡
* OxymoronµÄÔËÓÃÇÉÃîµØ½ÒʾÁË°®ÇéµÄÌص㣺ÓÖ¿àÓÖÌð¡£ Speaking silence, dumb confession,
Passion?s birth, and infant?s play. (Robert Burns: To A Kiss) ǧÑÔÍòÓïµÄ¾²Ä¬£¬Ä¬Ä¬ÎÞÉùµÄ̹°×£¬ ¼¤ÇéµÄ²ú¶ù£¬º¢Í¯µÄÓÎÏ·¡£
* Speaking silence, dumb confession¶¼Ö¸kiss£¬ÁµÈ˼äµÄÒ»ÎÇʤ¹ýÍòÓïǧÑÔ£¬ÊÇĬĬÎÞÉùµÄ°®µÄ̻¶¡£
Dudley Field Malone called my conviction a ¡°victorious defeat.¡± ¶ÅµÂÀí*·Ñ¶ûµÂ*ÂíÂ×°ÑÉóÅеĽá¹û³ÆΪһ³¡¡°Ê¤ÀûµÄ°ÜËß¡±¡£
*1925Ä꣬ÃÀ¹úÖÐѧ½ÌʦJohn ScopesÒòÔÚ¿ÎÌÃÉϽ²ÊÚ½ø»¯ÂÛ¶øÔâ×ڽ̽çÖ¸¿ØÎ¥·¨¡£¿ªÍ¥Ê±ËäÓжàλ¿Æѧ¼ÒºÍÂÉʦΪËû×÷Ö¤¡¢±ç»¤£¬µ«´Ë°¸ÈÔÒÔJohn Scopes±»ÅÐÓÐ×ï¶ø¸æÖÕ¡£¾¡¹ÜÈç´Ë£¬ÃñÖÚÈ´ÈÏΪËûËä°ÜÓÌʤ£¬Ëä°ÜÓÌÈÙ£¬¹ÊÓÐa victorious defeat֮˵¡£
¾Å£®Parody(·ÂÄâ)
Parody(·ÂÄâ); using the words thought, or atyle of an author, but by a slight change adapting them to a new purpose or ridiculously inappropriate sublect; the imitation or exaggeration of traits of style so as to make them appear ludicrous(¿ÉЦµÄ).
ParodyÔÚÔËÓÃʱËù·ÂÄâµÄ£¬Ò»°ã¶¼ÊÇÈËÃÇËùÊìÖªµÄÓïÑÔ²ÄÁÏ£¬Èç³ÉÓï¡¢ÑèÓï¡¢ÃûÑÔ¡¢¾¯¾äµÈ¡£ParodyµÄÔËÓÿÉÒÔÌåÏÖÔÚËĸöÓïÑÔ²ã´ÎÉÏ£¬¼´µ¥´Ê¡¢¶ÌÓï¡¢¾ä×ÓºÍƪÕ¡£
Eg:£¨1£© I had no outlook, but an uplook rather. My place in society was at the bottom. ÎÒûÓÐÈËÉú¹Û£¬µ¹¿ÉÒÔ˵ÓÐÒ»ÖÖ¡°ÉÏÅÀ¹Û¡±¡£ÎÒÔÚÉç»áÖеĵØλÊÇ×îµ×²ãµÄ¡£
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*uplookÊÇ·Âoutlook¶øÔ죬Éú¶¯µØ±íÃ÷ÁË×÷ÕßÄêÇáʱһÐÄÏë³öÈËÍ·µØµÄÔ¸Íû¡£
£¨2£©Modern journalism justifies its own existence by the great Darwinian principle of the survival of the vulgarest.
ÏÖ´úµÄÐÂÎŹ¤×÷£¬ÒÔ¡°×îÓ¹Ë×ÕßÉú´æ¡±µÄΰ´óµÄ´ï¶ûÎÄʽµÄÔÔòÀ´Îª×Ô¼ºµÄ´æÔڱ绤¡£
*¶ÌÓïthe survival of the vulgarestÊÇ·Âthe survival of the fittest£¨ÊÊÕßÉú´æ£©¶øÔ죬ÐÁÀ±µØ·í´ÌÁËÎ÷·½ÐÂÎÅÒµÖеÄÓ¹Ë×ÐÔºÍͳôζ¡£
£¨3£©Where there is a will, there is a lawsuit. ÓÐÒÅÖö±ØÓйÙ˾¡£
*»îÈËÕù¶áËÀÈ˵IJƲú£¬ÒÅÖöÒý·¢¹Ù˾ÔÚÎ÷·½Éç»áÂżû²»ÏÊ¡£¸Ã¾ä¸ù¾ÝwillÒ»´Ê¶àÒåµÄÌص㣬ÇÉ·ÂÑèÓï Where is a will, there is a way.£¨ÓÐÖ¾Õߣ¬Ê¾º³É£©¶øÔ죬ÓÄĬ֮Öк¬Óзí´Ì£¬Ãî²»¿ÉÑÔ¡£
£¨4£© Twinkle, twinkle, little bat! / How I wonder what you?re at! Up above the world you fly! / Like a teatray in the sky! ´Ë´¦·ÂµÄÊÇJane TaylorËù×÷¡¢ÔÚÓ¢¹ú¼ÒÓ÷»§ÏþµÄThe starÕâÊ×Ê«£º Twinkle, twinkle, little star, / How I wonder what you are! Up above the world so high, / Like a diamond in the sky!
Ó¢ÓïParody£¨·ÂÄ⣩µÄÖ÷ÒªÐÞ´Ç×÷ÓÃÊÇʹ»°ÓïÎÄ×ÖÉú¶¯»îÆ㬲úÉúÓÄĬ·çȤ»ò·í´ÌÞÞÞíµÄÐÞ´ÇЧ¹û¡£
£¨5£©In marrying this girl he married a bit more than he could chew. ËûÈ¢ÄǹÃÄïΪÆÞ£¬ÕæÊÇ×ÔÌÖ¿à³Ô¡£ *´Ë´¦·Â£¨Ì°¶à½À²»Àã©£¬»°ËµµÃÉú¶¯¡¢ÇÎƤ£¬ÓС°³Ô²»Á˶µ×Å×ß¡±µÄÒâ˼¡£ £¨6£©A friend in need is a friend to be avoided.
´¦ÓÚΣÄÑÖ®ÖеÄÅóÓÑÊÇÒ»¸öΪÖÚÈËËù¶ã±ÜµÄÅóÓÑ¡£
*¸Ã¾ä·ÂÄâÒÁË÷Ô¢ÑÔÖеÄÒ»Ìõ½Ìѵ£ºA friend in need is a friend indeed£¨»¼ÄÑÅóÓѲÅÊÇÕæÅóÓÑ£©£¬³°·íÁËÄÜͬ¸Êµ«²»Äܹ²¿àµÄ¼ÙÅóÓѺÍÊÆÀûСÈË¡£
£¨7£©Socialism places the human being at the center of things, not the machine, not the Almighty Dollars, not the maximum profits of billionaires.
Éç»áÖ÷ÒåÈÏΪÊÂÎïµÄÖÐÐÄÊÇÈË£¬¶ø²»ÊÇ»úÆ÷£¬²»ÊÇÍòÄܵĽðÔª£¬²»ÊÇÒÚÍò¸»Î̵Ä×î´óÏ޶ȵÄÀûÈó¡£
* the Almighty DollarsÊǷ»ù¶½½ÌÓÃÓï Almighty God£¨È«ÄܵÄÉϵۣ©¶øÔì¡£ £¨8£©Don¡¯t put off till tomorrow what can be enjoyed today.
½ñÌì¿ÉÒÔÏíÊܵÄÊÂÇ飬²»ÒªÍϵ½Ã÷ÌìÈ¥¡£
*¸Ã¾ä·ÂÄâÊìÓïDon?t put off until tomorrow what can be done today£¨½ñÈÕÊ£¬½ñÈձϣ©£¬ÓÄĬµØ˵Ã÷ÁË×÷Õߵļ°Ê±ÐÐÀֵĹ۵㡣
£¨9£©To eat is human; to digest, divine. ÇóʳÔÚÈË£»Ïû»¯ÔÚÌì¡£
*·ÂÄâÓ¢ÓïÑèÓ·¸´íÈ˽ÔÄÑÃ⣻¿íË¡ÔòÊô³¬·²£©¡£
£¨10£©Let us have faith that right makes might and dare to do our duty as we understand it. ÈÃÎÒÃÇÏàÐŹ«Àí¼´Ç¿È¨£¬Ã÷°×Ö°Ôð¾ÍÒª¸ÒÓÚ¾¡Ö°¡£
*·ÂMight makes right£¨Ç¿È¨¼´¹«Àí£©ÕâÒ»µÛ¹úÖ÷ÒåÇ¿µÁÂß¼£¬µ«×÷Õß·´ÆäÒå¶øÓÃÖ®£¬Ç¿µ÷ΪÕýÒåÊÂÒµ¾¡Ö°¾¡ÔòµÄÖØÒªÐÔ¡£ £¨11£©Red Star Over Hong Kong ºìÐÇÕÕҫϵÄÏã¸Û¡£
*¸Ã¾ä·ÂÄâÃÀ¹ú¼ÇÕß¼°×÷¼ÒEdgar SnowµÄÃûÖøRed Star over China£¨¡¶ºìÐÇÕÕҫϵÄÖйú¡·£¬ÓÖÃû
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£¨12£©To Lie Or Not To Lie-----The Doctor¡¯s Dilemma Èö»Ñ»¹ÊDz»Èö»Ñ¡ª¡ªÒ½ÉúµÄÄÑÌâ *ÕâÒ²ÊÇһƪÎÄÕµıêÌ⣬·ÂÄâµÄÊÇɯʿ±ÈÑǾç×÷¡¶¹þÄ·À×ÌØ¡·ÖйþÄ·À×ÌØÍõ×ÓÖøÃû¶À°×To be, or not to be: that is the questionµÄÆðÍ·Ò»¾ä£¨Éú´æ£¬»¹ÊÇ»ÙÃð£¬ÕâÊÇÒ»¸öÎÊÌ⣩¡£ Ê®¡¢Zeugma(éîʽ´îÅä)
Zeugma: (éîʽ´îÅä) It is a single word which is made to modify or to govern two or more words in the same sentence, wither properly applying in sense to only one of them, or applying to them in different senses.
For example, The sun shall not burn you by day, nor the moon by night. (Here noon is not strong enough to burn)
Zeugma£¨éîʽ´îÅ䣩ÊÇÓÃÒ»¸ö¶¯´Ê¡¢½é´Ê»òÐÎÈÝ´Êͬʱ֧Åä»òÐÞÊÎÁ½¸ö»òÁ½¸öÒÔÉϵÄÃû´Ê£¬Ê¹Æäͬʱ²úÉú²»Í¬ÓïÒåµÄÐÞ´ÇÊÖ·¨¡£Ëü²Éȡ˳ÊÆ´®ÓõĶÀÌØ´îÅä·¨£¬½«Âß¼Éϲ¢ÎÞ±ØÈ»ÁªÏµ¡¢ÉõÖÁ·çÂíÅ£²»Ï༰µÄÊÂÎïÇ¿³¶ÔÚÒ»Æð±í´ï¡£ÕâÖÖ´îÅä¿´ËÆǣǿ¸½»á£¬ÊµÔò¾ßÓÐÇÉÃîµÄÐÞ´Ç×÷Ó㬿Éʹ±í´ïÑÔ¼òÒâêà¡¢Éú¶¯ÐÎÏó¡¢ÓÄĬ·çȤ£¬Òò´ËÍùÍùÒâÒåÉî¿Ì£¬ÄÍÈËѰζ¡£ Ó¢ÓïZeugma£¨éîʽ´îÅ䣩µÄÔËÓÃÐÎʽÖ÷ÒªÓÐÒÔÏÂÁùÖÖ£º £¨1£©Ò»¸ö¶¯´Êͬʱ֧ÅäÁ½¸ö»òÁ½¸öÒÔÉϵÄÃû´Ê
Postwar rich living and the automobile all but took away the country¡¯s breath and legs. Õ½ºóµÄ¸»Ô£Éú»îºÍ˽¼ÒÆû³µ¼¸ºõÁî¹úÈ˾ªÑȵÃ͸²»¹ýÆøÀ´£¬Ò²Ê¹ËûÃǼ¸ºõɥʧÁ˲½ÐеÄÄÜÁ¦¡£ £¨2£©Ò»¸ö¶¯´Ê¼ÓÉÏÓëÖ®´îÅäµÄ½é´ÊÖ§ÅäÁ½¸ö»òÁ½¸öÒÔÉϵÄÃû´Ê We?ll see to it that the blouses appeal to eye as well as to the purse. ÎÒÃÇÒ»¶¨ÒªÈÃÕâЩÕÖÉÀÓÕÈË£¬¼Û¸ñÒ²ÓÕÈË¡£
To make flying more comfortable, we went to great lengths¡ª¡ªand great widths. ΪÁËʹ·ÉÐиü¼ÓÊæÊÊ£¬ÎÒÃDz»ÒÅÓàÁ¦¡ª¡ª¶øÇÒÒµÎñ¹ã·º¡£
*¸ÃÀýΪijº½¿Õ¹«Ë¾µÄ¹ã¸æ£¬ÆäÖÐgo to great lengthsΪ³ÉÓÒâ˼ÊÇ¡°½ß¾¡È«Á¦¡±£»¶øgo to great widthsÔòÊÇǣǿµÄ´îÅ䣬µ«Ç¡ÓëÇ°ÕßÏàºôÓ¦¡¢¶ÔÕÕ£¬Ê¹Õû¸ö¹ã¸æ¼ò½à¡¢ÐÑÄ¿¡¢ÓÐȤ¡£ £¨3£©Ò»¸ö½é´ÊÖ§ÅäÁ½¸ö»òÁ½¸öÒÔÉϵÄÃû´Ê
She was dressed in a maid¡¯s cap, a pinafore, and in a bright smile. Ëý´÷Å®ÆÍñ£¬Ïµ°×Χȹ£¬Èݹâ»À·¢£¬Ãæ´ø»¶Ð¦¡£ £¨4£©Ò»¸öÐÎÈÝ´Ê»ò·Ö´ÊÐÞÊÎÁ½¸ö»òÁ½¸öÒÔÉϵÄÃû´Ê Yesterday he had a blue heart and coat. ×òÌìËûÐÄÇéÓÇÓô£¬´©×ÅÒ»¼þÀ¶ÉÏÒ¡£
They went to the funeral with weeping eyes and hearts. ËûÃÇÈ¥²Î¼ÓÔáÀñ£¬ÐĺÍÑÛ¶¼ÔÚÁ÷Àá¡£
It is much better to have a patched jacket than to have a (patched) character. ÒÂÉÑ´ò²¹¶¡Ç¿ÓÚÆ·ÖÊ´ò²¹¶¡¡£
* patched characterÊô·Ç×ÔÈ»´îÅ䣬ָƷÖÊÉϵÄȱÏÝ¡£ £¨5£©Á½¸öÖ÷Óï¹²ÓÃÒ»¸öνÓï
Some pitying hand may find it there, when I and my sorrows are dust.
½«À´»áÓдȱ¯µÄÊÖÔÚÄÇÀïÕÒµ½ËüµÄ°É£¬µ±ÎÒºÍÎÒµÄÓdzÒÑ»¯ÎªÑ̳¾µÄʱºò¡£ ¡but at length down went her head and out came the truth and tears. ¡..µ«×îºóËý»¹ÊǵÍÏÂÁËÍ·£¬Á÷×ÅÀáͳöÁËʵÇé¡£
Age may wrinkle the face, but lack of enthusiasm wrinkles the soul.
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´ËÍ⣬ӢÓïZeugma»¹ÓÐһЩÌØÊâµÄÐÎʽ¡£È磺
She?s too low for a high praise, too brown for a fair praise and too little for a great praise. £¨William Shakespeare: Much Ado About Nothing£©
ËýÌ«°«£¬µ±²»Æð¸ß¶ÈµÄÔÞÑƤ·ôÌ«÷îºÚ£¬µ±²»Æð˵Ëý°×ðªµÄÔÞÑ¸ö×ÓÌ«ÊÝС£¬µ±²»Æð´óµÄÔÞÑï¡£
ʮһ¡¢Allusion£¨ÒýÓ÷£©
Ó¢ÓïAllusion£¨ÒýÓ÷£©Ö¸ÈËÃÇÔÚ¿ÚÍ·»òÊéÃæ±í´ïʱÒýÓóö×ÔÉñ»°¡¢Í¯»°¡¢´«Ëµ¡¢Ô¢ÑÔ¡¢ÃñËס¢×ڽ̡¢ÎÄѧÃûÖøµÄ´øµä¹ÊÐԵĴÊÓ²¢Ê¹Ö®ÓëÐðÊö»òÂÛ˵ÈÚΪһÌå¡£Êʵ±ÔËÓÃAllusion£¨ÒýÓ÷£©¿É×öµ½Ê³öÓе䣬ÑÔÖ®Óоݣ¬Ê¹±í´ï¼ò½à¡¢ÄýÁ·¡¢¾«±Ù¡¢Éú¶¯£¬´Ó¶øÔöǿ˵·þÁ¦Óë¸ÐȾÁ¦¡£ ´ÓÊ·ÁÏÀ´Ô´¿´£¬Allusion£¨ÒýÓ÷£©´óÖ¿ɷÖΪÒÔÏÂËÄÖÖ£º 1 ³ö×ÔÉñ»°¡¢Í¯»°¡¢Ô¢ÑÔ¡¢´«ËµµÄµä¹Ê
Ó¢ÓïÖеÄÉñ»°ÒýÓÃÊ·ÁÏÊ×ÍÆÏ£À°ÓëÂÞÂíÉñ»°£¬Æä´Î»¹ÓС¶Ì췽ҹ̶¡·µÈ¡£³£¹©ÒýÓõÄÔ¢ÑÔÊ·ÁÏÖ÷ÒªÊÇ¡¶ÒÁË÷Ô¢ÑÔ¡·£¬Í¯»°ÔòÓС¶°²Í½Éúͯ»°¡·ºÍ¡¶¸ñÁÖͯ»°¡·¡£ £¨2£©³ö×Ô×Ú½ÌÎÄÏ×ÓëÃñ¼äÏ°Ë׵ĵä¹Ê ÔÚÕâ·½ÃæÒýÓÃ×î¶àµÄµ±Êý¡¶Ê¥¾¡·£¬ËüΪӢÓïÓïÑÔ¹±Ï×ÁË´óÁ¿³ÉÓï¡¢µä¹Ê¡£ £¨3£©³ö×ÔС˵¡¢Ï·¾çµÈÎÄѧ×÷Æ·µÄµä¹Ê £¨4£©³ö×ÔÀúʷʼþ¼°ÀúÊ·ÈËÎïµÄµä¹Ê
Ê®¶þ¡¢Irony£¨·´Ó
Irony: (·´Óï) It is a figure of speech that achieves emphasis by saying the opposite of what is meant, the intended meaning of the words being the opposite of their usual sense.
The expression of actual intent in words that carry the opposite meaning. It is an effective literary device because it gives the impression of great restraint.
For example, ¡until we are marching backwords to the glorious age of the sixteenth centry (lesson 10).
For instance, we are lucky, what you said makes me feel real good.
Innuendo: (°µ·í) It is a mild form of irony, hinting in a rather roundabout (ÇúÕÛ)way at something disparaging(²»Ò»ÖÂ) or uncomplimentary(²»ÔÞÃÀ) to the person or subject mentioned. Hinting or implying a thing without plainly saying it.
For example, the weatherman said it would be warm. He must take his readings in a bathroom.
During the last five years my cook has several times been sober. ( meaning that he is always drunk.)
Irony(·´Óï)¼´Ëµ·´»°£¬ÊÇÒ»ÖÖͨ¹ýÕý»°·´Ëµ»ò·´»°Õý˵À´È¡µÃ·í´Ì¡¢ÓÄĬµÈÐÞ´ÇЧ¹ûµÄ´Ç¸ñ¡£Irony(·´Óï)²»½öÔÚÎÄѧ×÷Æ·ÖÐÂżû²»ÏÊ£¬¶øÇÒÔÚÈÕ³£¿ÚÓïÀïҲʱÓÐÔËÓá£È磺 ÎÒÃǺÜÐÒÔË¡£12ÔÂ13ÈÕµ½±Ë°¶¡£ÄÇʹÎÒÃǾõµÃÕæÓä¿ì¡£
We are lucky. It?s the other side on the thirteenth of December. That makes us feel real good.
*13¶ÔÎ÷·½ÈËÀ´ËµÊǸö²»¼ªÀûµÄÊý×Ö£¬µ«Ç¡ºÃÊÇÔÚÕâÌ죬×÷ÕßËûÃÇ·îÃüÔÚ̫ƽÑó±Ë°¶µÄÔ½Äϵǽ²ÎÕ½¡£±¾Êǵ¹Ã¹£¬È´Ëµ¡°ÐÒÔË¡±£»±¾Êǻֲ̿»°²£¬È´Ëµ¡°ÕæÓä¿ì¡±£¬Õâ±íÏÖÁË×÷ÕßµÄ×Ô³°¡£ He was such a marvelous teacher that whenever he recognized a spark of genius you could be sure he?d water it.
ËûÊÇÒ»¸öÁ˲»ÆðµÄÀÏʦ£¬Èç¹ûËû·¢ÏÖÁËÒ»µãÌì²ÅµÄ»ð»¨£¬Äã¿ÉÒÔÏàÐÅËûÒ»¶¨»á°ÑËü½½Ãð¡£ *½«Ñ§ÉúÖÐð³öµÄÌì²Å»ð»¨¼ÓÒÔ½½ÃðÕß±»³ÆΪ¡°Á˲»ÆðµÄ½Ìʦ¡±£¬ÎÞÒÉÊǶÔËûµÄĪ´ó·í´Ì¡£ Chivalry: going about releasing beautiful maidens from other men?s castle, and taking them to your own castle.
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