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honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they here gave the last full
measure of devotion; that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain; that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom, and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.
(Abraham Lincoln: The Gettysburg Address)
µ¹ÊÇÎÒÃÇÓ¦¸ÃÔÚÕâÀï°Ñ×Ô¼º·îÏ׸øÈÔÁôÔÚÎÒÃÇÃæÇ°µÄΰ´óÈÎÎñ£¬ÒÔ±ãʹÈËÃÇ´ÓÕâЩ¹âÈÙµÄËÀÕßÉíÉϼ³È¡¸ü¶àµÄÏ×Éí¾«Éñ£¬À´Íê³ÉËûÃÇÒѾÍê³É¡¢³¹µ×Ϊ֮Ï×ÉíµÄÊÂÒµ£»ÒÔ±ãʹÎÒÃÇ϶¨×î´óµÄ¾öÐÄ£¬²»ÈÃÕâЩËÀÕß°×°×ÎþÉü£»ÒÔ±ãʹ¹ú¼ÒÔÚʤµØ¸£ÓÓϵõ½×ÔÓɵÄÐÂÉú£¬²¢ÇÒʹÕâ¸öÃñÓС¢ÃñÖΡ¢ÃñÏíµÄ¹ú¼ÒÓÀÊÀ³¤´æ¡£
*¸ÃÀý³ö×ÔÁÖ¿ÏÔÚ¸ðµ×˹±¤ÁÒÊ¿¹«Ä¹Âä³ÉµäÀñÉϵÄÑݽ²¡£ÕûƪÑݽ²½ö10¾ä»°£¬Ö»ÑÓÐøÁË3·ÖÖÓ£¬µ«´ë´Ç¼òÁ·¡¢¸ÐÇéÉî³Á¡¢ÒâÒåÉî¿Ì£¬ÒѳÉΪÑݽ²µÄ¾µäÃûƪ¡£ÔÚ×îºóÒ»¾äÀ×÷ÕßÔËÓÃÁËÒ»¸öº¬ÓÐËĸöÄ¿µÄ×´Óï´Ó¾äµÄƽÐнṹ£¬Éî¿Ì¶øÓÐÁ¦µØ²ûÃ÷ÁËѧϰӢÁÒÓ¦¼ûÓÚÐж¯£¬Å¬Á¦Íê³ÉËûÃÇδ¾¡Ö®Î°Òµ¡£ÎªÇ§¹ÅÃûÑÔ£¬±¾ÉíÒ²ÊÇÒ»¸öÈýÏîʽµÄƽÐнṹ¡£ £¨4£©¾ä×ÓÆ½ÐÐ
We are caught in war, wanting peace. We are torn by division, wanting unity. ÎÒÃǾíÈëÕ½Õù£¬¿ÊÍû×ÅºÍÆ½¡£ÎÒÃDZ»·Ö¸ô¸ãµÃËÄ·ÖÎåÁÑ£¬ÆÚÍû×Åͳһ¡£
*¸Ã¾ä¹¤Õû¡¢¶Ô³Æ£¬¿áËÆººÓïµÄ¶Ôż¾ä¡£¹úÄÚÓÐЩѧÕß½«ÒëΪÅÅż£¬ÒòΪËûÃÇÈÏΪ¸ÃÓ¢Óï´Ç¸ñÏ൱ÓÚººÓïµÄÅűÈÓë¶Ôż¡£
A woman?s whole life is a history of the affections. The heart is her world: it is there her ambition strives for empire; it is there her avarice seeks for hidden treasures.
Ò»¸öÅ®ÐÔµÄÈ«²¿Éú»î±ãÊÇÒ»²¿¸ÐÇéµÄÊ·»°¡£·½´çÈ᳦±ãÊÇËýÃǵÄÌìµØ£º·½´çÖ®ÄÚËýµÄÖ¾ÏòÄËÊÇ×·ÇóÖÁ×𣻷½´çÖ®ÄÚËýµÄ̰À·ÄËÊÇ̽ѰÒþ²ØµÄÕ䱦¡£
We shall fight him by land, we shall fight him by sea, we shall fight him in the air. (W. S. Chruchill)
ÎÒÃÇÒªÔÚ½µØÉÏ´ò»÷Ëû£¬ÎÒÃÇÒªÔÚº£ÉÏ¿¹»÷Ëû£¬ÎÒÃÇÒªÔÚ¿ÕÖÐÏ®»÷Ëû¡£ *parallelism³£repetitionÓëºÏ¶þΪһ£¬½»Ö¯ÔËÓã¬ÒÔÔöÇ¿ÐÞ´ÇЧ¹û¡£ÒԸþäΪÀý£¬We shall fight himÊôÓÚ·´¸´£¬¶øby land, by seaºÍin the air.ÓÖ»¥ÎªÆ½Ðнṹ¡£
The world listens. The world watches. The world waits to see what we will do. ÊÀ½çÔÚÇãÌý¡£ÊÀ½çÔÚ×¢ÊÓ¡£ÊÀ½çµÈ´ý×ÅÎÒÃÇ×öЩʲô¡£ Æß¡¢Repetition£¨·´¸´£©
Repetition(·´¸´)ÊÇÒ»ÖÖ³£ÓõÄÐÞ´ÇÊÖ·¨.Æä»ù±¾Ó÷¨ÊÇÁ¬Ðø»ò¼ä¸ôµØ·´¸´Ê¹ÓÃͬһµ¥´Ê ¶ÌÓï»ò¾ä×Ó,ÒÔÔöÇ¿ÓïÆøºÍÓïÊÆ,Ç¿µ÷±íÊöµÄ¹Ûµã,Ê鷨ǿÁÒµÄÇé¸Ð,²ûÃ÷Éî¿ÌµÄµÀÀí.¸ÃÐÞ´ÇÔËÓù㷺,³£³öÏÖÓÚÊ«¸è¡¢É¢ÎÄ¡¢Ð¡Ëµ¡¢Ñݽ²¼°ÕþÂÛÎÄÖÐ,ÔÚÈÕ³£¿ÚÓïÀïÒ²Âżû²»ÏÊ.ÆäÔËÓøñʽ¿É·ÖÁ½´óÀà,¼´Á¬Ðø·´¸´(immediate repetition)ºÍ¼ä¸ô·´¸´(intermittent repetition). (1)Á¬Ðø·´¸´
ָͬһÓïÑԳɷֽô½ôÏà½Ó,Á¬Ðø³öÏÖ.
Would you please please please please please please please please stop talking. Îñ±ØÇëÄã,ǧÍòÇëÄã±ð˵Á˰É!
*˵»°ÈËΪÁË×èÖ¹¶Ô·½¼ÌÐøËµÏÂÈ¥,¾¹Á¬ÐøÊ¹ÓÃÁË7¸ö,¿É¼ûÒªÇóÖ®ÆÈÇÐ,ºôÓõ֮ǿÁÒ.
There are three things which the public will always clamour for sooner or later, namely, novelty, novelty, novelty.
ÓÐÈýÖÖ¶«Î÷ÔçÍí»áΪһ°ã´óÖÚʼÖÕÇÀ×ÅÒªµÄ¾ÍÊÇ:ÐÂÆæ¡¢ÐÂÆæ¡¢ÐÂÆæ. Happy, happy pair.
None but the brave,
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None but the brave, None but the brave deserves the fair.
ÐÒ¸£,ÐÒ¸£µÄÒ»¶Ô. ΩÓÐÓ¢ÐÛ, ΩÓÐÓ¢ÐÛ,
ΩÓÐÓ¢ÐÛ¿°ÓëÃÀÈËÆ¥Åä. Arise, arise, arise!
There is blood on the earth that denies ye bread; Be ye wounds like eyes,
To weep for the dead, the dead, the dead.
(Percy B. Shelley: An Ode) ÆðÀ´,ÆðÀ´°¡!ÆðÀ´!
²»ÎªÄÇôÉú²úÁ¸Ê³µÄÍÁµØ³öÏÖÁËÏÊѪ; ÈÃÄãÃǵÄÉ˿ڶ¼»¯ÎªÑÛ¾¦,
¿ÞÆüÄÇЩËÀÈ¥µÄ,ËÀÈ¥µÄ,ËÀÈ¥µÄ.
*´ËÊ«×÷ÓÚ1819Äê10ÔÂ,Î÷°àÑÀÈ˻ָ´×ÔÓɵÄǰϦ. O sweet content! O sweet, o sweet content! Work apace, apace, apace, apace; Honest labour bears a lovely face¡ Ŷ£¬Öª×ã³£ÀÖ£¬Öª×ã³£³£ÀÖ£¡
¼Ó¿ì¹¤×÷ѽ£¬¼Ó¿ì£¬¼Ó¿ì£¬¼Ó¿ì£¬¼Ó¿ì£¬ ÈÏÕæ¸É»î£¬¾ÍÃæÈݿɰ®¡¡ £¨2£©¼ä¸ô·´¸´
ָͬһÓïÑԳɷַ´¸´Ê¹Ó㬵«²»Á¬½Ó£¬¶øÊǼä¸ô³öÏÖ¡£ÕâÀà·´¸´¸ñʽ¶àÑù£¬Ö÷ÒªÓÐÒÔϼ¸ÖÖ£º A.Ê×ÓïÖØ¸´(Anaphora)
Old wood best to burn, old wine to drink, old friends to trust, and old authors to read. (Francis Bacon)
¾É²ñ×îºÃÉÕ£¬³Â¾Æ×îºÃºÈ£¬ÀÏÓÑ×î¿É¿¿£¬ÀÏ×÷¼ÒµÄÊé×îºÃ¶Á¡£
Revolution is bloody, revolution is hostile, revolution knows no compromise, revolution overturns and destroys everything that gets in its way.
¸ïÃüÊÇÒªÁ÷ѪµÄ£¬¸ïÃüÊǵжԵ쬏ïÃüûÓÐÕÛÖУ¬¸ïÃüÒªÍÆ·ºÍ´Ý»Ù×èµ²×ÅËüµÀ·µÄÒ»ÇС£ Farewell to the mountains high covered with snow! Farewell to the straths and green valleys below! Farewell to the forests and wild-hanging woods! Farewell to the torrents and loud-pouring floods!
(Robert Burns: My Heart?s in the Highlands) ÔÙ¼ûÁË£¬»ýÑ©°¨°¨µÄ¸ßɽ£¡ ÔÙ¼ûÁË£¬½ÅϵÄÎ÷ÛÖÂ̹ȣ¡
ÔÙ¼ûÁË£¬ÉÁÖºÍÔʼ´¹ÐüµÄÊ÷ľ£¡ ÔÙ¼ûÁË£¬¼±Á÷ºÍ±¼ÌÚºäÃùµÄºéË®£¡
*Ê׾䷴¸´µÄÔËÓ㬳ä·ÖÊã·¢ÁËÊ«È˶ԹÊÏçµÄ¾ìÁµÖ®Ç飬±í´ïÓÐÁ¦£¬²»ÈÝÖÊÒÉ¡£
Yesterday the Japanese government also launched an attack against Malaya. Last night Japanese forces attacked Hongkong. Last night Japanese forces attacked Guam.
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Last night Japanese forces attacked the Philippine Islands.
(F. D. Roosevelt)
×òÌ죬ÈÕ±¾Õþ¸®»¹·¢¶¯Á˶ÔÂíÀ´ÑǵĽø¹¥¡£ ×òÒ¹£¬ÈÕ±¾¾ü¶Ó½ø¹¥ÁËÏã¸Û¡£ ×òÒ¹£¬ÈÕ±¾¾ü¶Ó½ø¹¥Á˹صº¡£
×òÒ¹£¬ÈÕ±¾¾ü¶Ó½ø¹¥ÁË·ÆÂɱöȺµº¡£
*ÂÞ˹¸£ÔËÓÃÊ׾䷴¸´·¨£¬Ç¿µ÷˵Ã÷Á˵ÐÇéÑÏÖØ£¬ÐÎÊÆÎ£¼±£¬ÁîÈËÕ𾪣¬´ßÈ˾¯ÐÑ¡£ B.βÓï·´¸´(Epistrophe)
And will you, will you, I will marry you. (William Shakespeare) ²»¹ÜÄãÔ¸Òâ²»Ô¸Ò⣬ÎÒÊÇÈ¢¶¨ÁËÄã¡£
O youth! The strength of it! The faith of it, the imagination of it! °¡£¬Çà´º£¡Çà´ºµÄÁ¦Á¿£¡Çà´ºµÄÐÅÑö£¬Çà´ºµÄÏëÏó£¡ B. Ê×β·´¸´+Ê×β·´¸´
Broke oath on oath, committed wrong on wrong. (William Shakespeare) Î¥±³ÁËÒ»¸öÓÖÒ»¸öÊÄÑÔ£¬·¸ÏÂÁËÒ»¸öÓÖÒ»¸ö´íÎó¡£ With ruin upon ruin, rout on rout, Confusion worse confounded.
»ÙÃð½Ó×Å»ÙÃð£¬À£°Ü½Ó×ÅÀ£°Ü£¬»ìÂÒ±äµÃ¸ü»ìÂÒ¡£ *ÒÔÉÏÁ½Àý¶¼Îª¶ÌÓïµÄÊ×Î²ÖØ¸´¡£
Nothing can come of nothing. (William Shakespeare) ûÓÐÖ»ÄÜ»»µ½Ã»ÓС£
Blood must atone for blood. ѪծÓÃѪÀ´»¹¡£
*ÒÔÉÏÁ½ÀýΪ¾ä×ÓµÄÊ×Î²ÖØ¸´£¬¸Ã¸ñʽ³£¼ûÓÚÓ¢ÓïÑèÓÈ磺Diamond cut Diamond£¨Æå·ê¶ÔÊÖ£©µÈ¡£
D.Äæ×ª·´¸´(Antistrophe) ÕâÖÖ·´¸´ÓֽС°½»²æ¡±£¨Chiasmus£©£¬Ö¸µÄÊÇÁ½¸öÓïÑÔµ¥Î»Í¨¹ý»¥»»Î»Öù¹³É·´¸´£¬ÆäÖÐÓÖ¿É·ÖΪÁ½ÖÖÀàÐÍ¡£
µÚÒ»ÖÖÖ»»¥»»Î»Ö㬲»¸Ä±äÓïÒ壬ǿµ÷µÄÊÇͬһ¸ÅÄî¡£ For the sky and the sea, and the sea and the sky
Lay a load on my weary eye. (S. T. Coleridge) ÒòΪÄÇÌìºÍº££¬º£ºÍÌìÏñÖØµ£°ãѹסÎҵľëÑÛ¡£
It was the same everywhere, crime and betrayal, betrayal and crime. (Jack London) µ½´¦¶¼Ò»Ñù£¬·¸×ïÓë±³ÅÑ£¬±³ÅÑÓë·¸×ï¡£
µÚ¶þÖÖÄæ×ª·´¸´²»½ö»¥»»Î»Ö㬶øÇÒÓïÒåÒ²·¢Éú¸Ä±ä£¬Ïà°èËæµÄÍùÍù»¹ÓдÊÀàµÄת»»¡£ When the going gets tough, the tough gets going. Çé¿ö³Ô½ôʱ£¬Ó²ºº¾Í³ÔÏã¡£
The soldier faces the powder while the beauty powders the face. սʿÕóǰ°ëËÀÉú£¬ÃÀÈËÕÊÏÂÓ̸èÎè¡£
*¸Ã¾äÖ±ÒëΪ¡°Õ½Ê¿ÃæÁÙǹÁÖµ¯Ó꣬ÃÀÈËÈ´ÔÚͿ֬Ĩ·Û¡± °Ë¡¢Oxymoron£¨Ã¬¶ÜÐÞÊΣ©
Oxymoron: (ì¶ÜÐÞÊÎ) It is a compressed paradox, formed by the conjoining(½áºÏ) of two contrasting, contradictory or incongruous(²»Ðµ÷) terms as in bitter-sweet memories, orderly chaos(»ìÂÒ) and proud humility(ÎêÈè).
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A kind of a paradox or antithesis that links together two sharply contrasting terms, as ¡°cheerful
pessimist¡±, ¡° the wisest fool in Christendon¡±¡±living deaths¡± ¡°freezing fires¡±, ¡°glorious defeat¡±
Ó¢ÓïOxymoron£¨Ã¬¶ÜÐÞÊΣ©ÊÇÒ»ÖֱȽÏÌØÊâµÄÐ޴Ǹñ£¬ÆäÓ÷¨Êǽ«ÒâÒåÏà·´»ò¿´ËÆÃ¬¶ÜµÄ´ÊÓïÇÉÃîµØ´îÅäÔÚÒ»Æð£¬Ê¹Ö®¹¹³ÉÐÞÊιØÏµ£¬½èÒÔ½ÒʾºÍÇ¿µ÷ÊÂÎïÄÚ²¿»òÖ®¼äµÄì¶ÜÐԺ͸´ÔÓÐÔ¡£Oxymoron£¨Ã¬¶ÜÐÞÊΣ©µÄÔËÓÃÍùÍù²úÉúÒ»ÖÖÕ§¿´²»ºÏÂß¼¡¢ÁîÈ˾ªÑÈ£¬Ï¸ÏëÈ´×ÔÓеÀÀí¡¢ÄÍÈËѰζµÄЧ¹û¡£
´Ó¹¹³É·½Ê½¿´£¬Oxymoron£¨Ã¬¶ÜÐÞÊΣ©¿É¹éÄÉΪÒÔϾÅÀࣺ £¨1£©ÐÎÈÝ´Ê+Ãû´Ê
proud humility ²»¿º²»±° painful pleasure ±¯Ï²½»¼Ó
a thunderous silence £¨´Ëʱ£©ÎÞÉùʤÓÐÉù a cheerful pessimist ×ÝÇéÏíÀÖµÄÑáÊÀÕß £¨2£©ÐÎÈÝ´Ê+ÐÎÈÝ´Ê
bitter-sweet memories ¿àÌð²Î°ëµÄ»ØÒä poor rich guys ¾«ÉñƶÇîµÄ¸»ÈË bad good news ¼È»µÓֺõÄÏûÏ¢
a miserable, merry Christmas ÓÖ±¯ÓÖϲµÄÊ¥µ®½Ú £¨3£©¸±´Ê+ÐÎÈÝ´Ê
falsely true ÐéαµÄ³Ïʵ
conspicuously absent ÒýÈËעĿµÄȱϯ a wisely stupid idea ×Ô×÷´ÏÃ÷µÄºýÍ¿Ö÷Òâ a mercifully fatal blow ÈÊ´ÈΪ»³µÄÖÂÃü´ò»÷ £¨4£©Ãû´Ê+Ãû´Ê
a love-hate relationship ¼È°®Óֺ޵ĹØÏµ a life-and-death struggle ÉúËÀØü¹ØµÄ²«¶· £¨5£©¸±´Ê+ÏÖÔÚ·Ö´Ê
changeless changing ¼ÈʼÖÕÈçÒ»£¬Óֱ仯¶à¶Ë deliciously aching ¼ÈÁîÈËÓäÔã¬ÓÖʹÈËÍ´¿à £¨6£©ÏÖÔÚ·Ö´Ê+Ãû´Ê
speaking silence ǧÑÔÍòÓïµÄ¾²Ä¬
loving hate Ç×Ç×ÈÈÈȵÄÔ¹ºÞ £¨7£©¶¯´Ê+¸±´Ê
shine darkly °µµµØ·¢¹â die merrily ¿ìÀÖµØËÀÈ¥ hasten showly ÂýÂýµØ¿ìÆðÀ´ £¨8£©¹ýÈ¥·Ö´Ê+Ãû´Ê
a vanquished victor ±»Õ÷·þµÄʤÀûÕß long-lived death ÓÀÉúµÄËÀÍö
a disillusioned hopeful ÈÔ±§Ï£ÍûµÄʧÍûÕß £¨9£©of½á¹¹
the feather of lead ǦÖýµÄÓðë
mis-shapen chaos of well-seeming forms ÕûÆëµÄ»ìÂÒ
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