4) feel overwhelmed by 不知所措
现如今，激烈的竞争让许多年轻人不知所措。 (fierce competition / feel overwhelmed / job market)
Nowadays, many young people feel overwhelmed by the fierce competition in the job market.
5) stand a chance of 有机会，有希望
在这种极端天气下动物很难存活。(stand little chance of / extreme weather) Animals stand little chance of survival under such extreme weather. 6) take pleasure in doing sth. 乐于做某事
他总是乐于向周围的人伸出援助之手。 (take a great pleasure in / lend a helping hand) He always takes great pleasure in lending a helping hand to people around him. 7) open the door to sth. 打开方便之门
这些实用的建议为你更好地与父母交流敞开方便之门。 (open the door to / communicate with)
These useful suggestions open the door to better communication with your parents. 3. Sentence patterns
1). As …, sb. is proud /happy/ sorry /sad… to do sth.
用于表达―某人在特定身份下做某事的感受‖。
作为一名来自灾区的学生代表，我非常感激社会各界对我们的关爱与帮助！ ( disaster-hit area / be grateful / all walks of life)
As a student representative from the disaster-hit area, I’m very grateful to the people of all walks of life for their care and help!
2). In doing sth, sb. is reminded of sth. 用于表达―某事引起的回忆‖。
第一次给这么多人做演讲时，我想起我的英语老师给我的鼓励和建议。 (make speech / be reminded of / encouragement )
In making my speech in front of a large audience, I’m reminded of the encouragement and advice from my English teacher.
3) If sb. could give sb. else only one piece of advice about…, it would be this: Do sth.! 用于表达―某人认定的最为重要的建议‖
如果让我给你一条如何应对大学挑战的建议，那就是：相信自己！(cope with / believe in yourself)
If I could give you only one piece of advice about how to cope with the college challenges, it would be this: Believe in yourself!
4) … A wonderful example of this is sb. who…/ sth. that… 用于列举―最典型的事例‖。
有些人没有大学文凭也获得了成功。一个绝佳的例子就是微软公司创始人比尔?盖茨，他在大三时就从哈佛退学了。
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(college diploma/ wonderful example/ drop out of )
Some people achieved great success even though they did not have college diplomas. A wonderful example of this is the founder of Microsoft, Bill Gates, who dropped out of Harvard in his junior year. 4. Structured writing:
1)What Is A Paragraph?
A paragraph is a group of related sentences developing one central idea. It is a unit in itself and is also part of the essay.
2) The Basic characteristics:
A. Unity, which means you discuss one single idea in a paragraph. The mian idea is stated in the topic sentence and then all supporting sentences in the paragraph develop that idea.
B. Coherenence, which means your paragraph is easy to read and understand, because A) your supporting sentences are logically ordered and B)your ideas are connected by transition words and phrases. These words create bridges from one sentence to the next.
C. Completeness, which means your paragraph should be a well developed one. If all sentences clearly and sufficiently support the main idea, then your paragraph is complete. Otherwise, the paragraph is incomplete.
3)Main Components:
A. Topic Sentence: states main idea of the paragraph
It helps the writer focus on the main idea and also helps the reader know about what the paragraph is all about. It is normally the first sentence of the paragraph.
B. Supporting Details: develop the topic sentence
They give more information about the main idea through examples or details. They should be strong convincing points on which the topic sentence can rely upon.
C. Concluding sentence: signals the end of a paragraph and leaves the reader with important points to remember
In summary, a well-written paragraph should be of unity, coherence and completeness. It should contain three types of sentences: topic sentence, supporting sentences and concluding sentence.
4.)The Process of Writing A Paragraph
A. Compose your topic sentence. Think of a topic and a controlling idea that will narrow the topic enough to support it well in one paragraph.
B. Brainstorm supporting ideas. Choose 2 - 6 supporting ideas that do a good job supporting your topic sentence.
C. Put your supporting ideas in a logical order. D. Think of a concluding sentence.
E. write your paragraph and use the coherence strategies to make your
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paragraph easy to follow.
An Example:
Topic sentence: Traveling is a beneficial experience for us. Supporting ideas:
1) relieve pressure
2) broaden horizon 3) make friends
Concluding sentence: Traveling can do us a lot of good. Sample paragraph
Traveling is a beneficial experience for us. First of all, it helps people relieve pressures and enjoy the beauty of nature. Second, it can enrich our knowledge and experiences of the world and broaden our horizon. In addition, it makes it possible for us to make friends with people in different areas. To sum up, traveling can do us a lot of good. The Topic Sentence
To write a paragraph, you first need to decide on your purpose. You need to decide in advance what idea you are trying to communicate in your paragraph. Once you are sure of your idea, the next step to be taken is to make your idea clear to your reader. You can do this by starting your idea in a topic sentence.
When writing a topic sentence, you must hear three points in mind:
1）The topic sentence must be a complete sentence, e. g. The process of learning is essential to our lives.
The British attitude towards food is very different from the attitude in my own country.
My grandfather was very easy to get on with.
2）The topic sentence is made up of two parts, the topic and the controlling idea, i. e.
Topic Sentence = Topic + Controlling idea e.g. Convenience foods are easy to prepare.
topic controlling idea
Alcoholic beverages should he banned from college students, for two reasons. topic controlling idea controlling idea controlling idea 3）The topic sentence should be neither too general nor too specific, e.g. American food is terrible. (too general)
American food is tasteless and greasy because Americans use too many canned, frozen, and packaged foods and because is fried in oil or butter. (too specific) American fond is tasteless and greasy. (suitable)
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Section B
Ⅰ.Reading skills ----- Previewing
1. Read the title and subtitles if there are any. 2. Read the first paragraph.
3. Read the first sentence of each remaining paragraph. 4. Read the last paragraph. Ⅱ.Detailed study of the text: 1.Questions previewing
1. Read the title of text B and predict what may be the topic of the text and what the
writer’s purpose of writing this letter is.
2. How does the father feel when his child is about to leave home and start college?
Why? (Paras.1-2)
3. What does the father think of college years in one’s life? Why? (Para. 3)
4. According to the father, what can you do if you want to be a good self-learner?
(Para. 3)
5. According to the father, what kind of course should be taken? (Para. 4) 6. What is the father’s attitude towards grades? (Para. 5)
7. In making friends, what advice does the father give to his child? (Para. 6) 8. How does the father expect his child to deal with college experience? (Paras. 7-9) 2. Practical phrases 1) open up出现，成为可能
只要你今天努力工作并做好准备，明天一个光明的未来将展现在你的面前。 ( as long as/well-prepared/brighter future/open up )
As long as you work hard and get well-prepared today, a brighter future will open up before you tomorrow.
2) take something seriously认真对待某事
这些建议可能不是很完美，但是我们必须认真对待。 (may not be / take them seriously)
These suggestions may not be perfect, but we have to take them seriously. 3).sign up for sth. 报名，选课
在选择选修课时，很多大学生考虑诸如个人兴趣、时间安排以及课程实用性等因素。(signing up for / optional course/ time schedule)
When signing up for the optional course, many college students will take into consideration such factors as personal interests, time schedule, practicality of the courses and so on.
4) be bound by sth. or sb. 被某事或某人所左右
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