化工热力学课后题答案马沛生

第二章 流体的p-V-T关系

同样迭代不收敛

采用RKS方程解三次方程得: V=0.00004512m/mol

3

pV4.512?10?5?1000?105Z???1.9881

RT8.314?2732-16.试用下列各种方法计算水蒸气在107.9×105Pa、593K下的比容,并与水蒸气表查出的数据(V?0.01687m?kg(1)理想气体定律 (2)维里方程 (3)普遍化RK方程

解:从附录三中查得水的临界参数为:Tc=647.13K,pc=22.055MPa,?=0.345 (1)理想气体定律

3?1)进行比较。

V?RT8.314?593??4.569?10?6m3?mol?1?0.02538m3?kg?1 5p107.9?10误差=

0.01687?0.02538?100%??50.5%

0.01687T593??0.916 Tc647.13(4) 维里方程

Tr?p107.9?105pr???0.489 6pc22.055?10使用普遍化的第二维里系数:

B(0)?0.083?0.422/Tr1.6?0.083?0.422??0.4026 Tr1.60.172??0.1096 4.2TrB(1)?0.139?0.172/Tr4.2?0.139?Bpc?B(0)??B(1)??0.4026?0.345???0.1096???0.4404 RTcZ?1?Bp?pr?Bp0.489??1?c???1????0.4404??0.7649 ??RTRTc?Tr?0.916 33

第二章 流体的p-V-T关系

V?ZRT0.7649?8.314?593??3.495?10?6m3?mol?1?0.01942m3?kg?1 5p107.9?10误差=

0.01687?0.01942?100%??15.1%

0.01687?a1?1?h?bTr1.5?h? ?? (2-38a)

1?h??(5) 普遍化R-K方程

Z?h??bpr (2-38b) ZTr将对比温度和对比压力值代入并整理的: Z??a?h?11?1????5.628??? 1.5?1?h?bTr?1?h?1?h?1?h?h??bpr0.04625? ZTrZ联立上述两式迭代求解得:Z=0.7335

V?ZRT0.7335?8.314?593?63?13?1??3.3515?10m?mol?0.01862m?kg 5p107.9?10误差=

0.01687?0.01862?100%??10.4%

0.01687水是极性较强的物质

2-17.试分别用(1)van der Waals方程;(2)RK方程;(3)RKS方程计算273.15K时将CO2压缩到体积为550.1cm?mol所需要的压力。实验值为3.090MPa。

解:从附录三中查得CO2的临界参数为:Tc=304.19K,pc=7.382MPa,?=0.228 (4) van der Waals方程

3?1p?RTa?2 V?bV2222c27??8.314???304.19?3?2=0.3655Pa?m?mol式中: a?27RT/64pc= 664?7.382?10b?RTc/8pc?则

8.314?304.19?53?1?4.282?10m?mol 68?7.382?10:

p?

RTa8.314?273.150.3655?2=-=3.269?106Pa=3.2M?6?62V?bV550.1?10-42.82?10550.1?10?6??34

第二章 流体的p-V-T关系

误差%=

3.090?3.269?100%=?5.79%

3.090(5) RK方程

p?RTa?0.5 V?bTV(V?b)式中:

a?0.42748RT22.5c0.42748??8.314???304.19?/pc==6.4599Pa?m6?K0.5?mol-2 67.382?1022.5b?0.08664RTc/pc=p?0.08664?8.314?304.19=2.968?10?5m3?mol?1 67.382?10RTa?0.5V?bTV(V?b)8.314?273.156.4599 =-?6?60.5?6?6550.1?10-29.68?10?273.15??550.1?10??550.1+29.68??10=3.138?106Pa=3.138MPa3.090?3.138误差%=?100%=?1.55%

3.090(6) RKS方程

p?RTa?T?? V?bV?V?b?22式中, a?T??a???T??0.4278RTc/pc???T?

?(T)??1?m(1?Tr0.5)?

22而,m?0.480?1.574??0.176?=0.480?1.574?0.228-0.176??0.228?=0.8297

20.5????2273.15??0.5?则,?(T)?1?m(1?Tr)=?1?0.8297?1??1.089 ?=????304.19????????2??0.42748??8.314???304.19?a?T??a???T??0.42748RT/pc???T?=?1.08967.382?10=0.40335Pa?m3?mol?12222cb?0.08664RTc/pc=p?0.08664?8.314?304.19=2.968?10?5m3?mol?1 67.382?10RTa?T?8.314?273.150.40335?=-V?bV?V?b?550.1?10?6-29.68?10?6550.1?10?6??550.1+29.68??10?6=3.099?106Pa=3.099MPa

35

第二章 流体的p-V-T关系

误差%=

3.090?3.099?100%=?0.291%

3.090比较几种方程的计算结果,可见,van der Waals方程的计算误差最大,RKS方程的计算精度最好。RK方程的计算精度还可以。

2-18.一个体积为0.3m3的封闭储槽内贮乙烷,温度为290K、压力为25×105Pa,若将乙烷加热到479K,试估算压力将变为多少?

解:乙烷的临界参数和偏心因子为:Tc=305.32K,pc=4.872MPa,?=0.099 因此:Tr1?T1/Tc?290/305.32?0.95 pr1?p1/pc?2.5/48.72?0.513 故使用图2-11,应该使用普遍化第二维里系数计算

B(0)?0.083?0.422/Tr1.6?0.083?0.422?0.95?1.6??0.375

B(1)?0.139?0.172/Tr4.2?0.139?0.172?0.95?4.2??0.074

Z?1?Bp?1?B?0???B?1?RT?p?????T?rr?0.513????1??0.375?0.099?0.074??0.7935 ?0.95?V?ZRT0.7935?8.314?290??76.5?10?5m3?mol?1 5p25?10??V总0.3n???392.2?mol?

V76.5?10?5加热后,采用RK方程进行计算。

其中:T=479K,摩尔体积仍然为V?76.5?10m?mol,首先计算:

?53?1a?0.42748RT22.5c0.42748??8.314???305.32?/pc==9.879Pa?m6?K0.5?mol-2 64.872?1022.5??b?0.08664RTc/pc=代入RK方程:

0.08664?8.314?305.32?53?1 =4.514?10m?mol64.872?10??RTa?0.5V?bTV(V?b)8.314?4799.879 =-765.0?10?6-45.14?10?6?479?0.5?765.0?10?6??765.0+45.14??10?6p?=4.804?106Pa=4.804MPa2-19.如果希望将22.7kg的乙烯在294K时装入0.085m3的钢瓶中,问压力应为多少?

36

联系客服:779662525#qq.com(#替换为@)