2018考研英语一真题和答案完整版

以在论据中去验证,论据中提到“verify stories”, “cross check sources”和“prefer news from different perspectives”,都是和多重角度验证信息真伪相关的。

29。 [答案]C readers’ misinterpretation

[解析]事实细节题。根据题干定位至第五段第三句found之后a main reason对应the top reason,而原文剩余信息为“reader error”,所以应该和读者相关。Error应该对应misinterpretation,故答案为C readers’ misinterpretation。若本句不清晰,下句进一步说明答案的内容,文中misintepretation or exerggeration of actual news进一步印证C为正确答案。 30。 [答案]A A Rise in Critical Skills for Sharing News Online [解析]全文主旨题。本篇文章属于篇首转折,二段转折之后为全文主旨,yet之后说道:“Yet as distrust has risen toward all media, people may be strarting to beef up their media literacy skills”。“随着对于所有媒体不信任的上升,人们开始增强其媒体素养的技能”,故答案为A。为了验证,可以看篇末,篇末重申主题,so之后讲道“so when young people are critical of an over-tweeting president, they reaveal a mental discipline in thinking skills-and in their choices on when to share on social media。” 更进一步说明和人们批判性看待社交媒体上的新闻相关。 Text 3

31、[答案][B] It failed to pay due attention to patients’ rights。 [解析]细节题。根据题干中的NHS, DeepMind和agreement回文定位第一段第四句“It is against that background that the information commissioner, has issued her damning verdict against the Royal Free hospital trust under the NHS, which handed over to DeepMind the records of 1.6 million patients in 2015 on the basis of a vague agreement which took far too little account of the patients’ rights and their expectations of privacy”。根据a vague agreement which took far too little account of the patients’ rights and their expectations of privacy这一部分的语义信息,说明NHS与DeepMind之间的协议没有充分考虑到病人的权利与隐私。这句话的言外之意就是协议未能充分关注病人的权利。故确定答案为选项B,其中failed to是took far too little account的同义改写。 32、[答案][C] necessary adjustments。

[解析]细节题。根据题干中的NHS trust,以及Denham’s verdict回文定位第二段第二句“The NHS trust has mended its ways。” 根据第二句的语义信息,NHS trust针对Denham’s verdict已经调整了其与DeepMind的协议内容,故通过同义替换,可确定正确答案为C。

33、[答案][D] the value of data comes from the processing of it。 [解析]推理题。根据题干,此题定位在第二段最后一句but之后的转折句。“But this distinction misses the point that it is processing and

aggregation, not the mere possession of bits, that gives data value”。这种区分忽视了一个点:是处理和收集赋予数据意义,而不是拥有数据。选项中的 “processing”和原文中的“processing”原词复现。选项中的“the value of data”对应原文中的“data value”。因此,D项为正确答案。 34、[答案][D] the monopoly of big data by tech giants。

[解析]细节题。根据题干此题定位在文中最后一段的第四句。“What matters is that they will belong to a private monopoly which developed them using public resources。”重要的是这些进步属于一个私人垄断企业,而私人垄断企来使用公共资源进行研发。而这正真正的担忧所在。因此,选项D为正确答案, the monopoly of big data by tech giants对应原文中的a private monopoly。 35、[答案][B] cautious

[解析]态度题。本题考查作者对本文主题“将人工智能应用于医疗健康”的态度。根据顺序性原则定位在最后一段。该段倒数第三句话指出“我们目前依然处于这一改革的前期,并且任何小的选择都会对未来产生深远的影响”,其中“still”一词,以及“small”(小)和“gigantic”(巨大的)对比,都体现出了作者对待整个事件是小心谨慎的态度,因此[B] cautious为正确答案。 Text 4

36、[答案][B] its rigid management

[解析]根据题干判断本题考查因果细节。第一段的前三句都是有关USPS的具体数字,属于细节信息。第四句出现many reasons很多原因。紧接着下面就有fundamentally根本原因是,所以定位在第一段的最后一句。然后分析这个长难句,USPS 处在squeeze between 1 and 2,中,1是technological change, 2是structure。 2的structure后定语从句:denies management flexibility 对应选项B: rigid management。 [干扰项分析]:选项A,budget文中未有涉及。选项C,虽然有提到technological ,原文technological change 后的定语从句说的是:技术改革降低需求,并没有提到cost成本问题。选项D,the withdrawal of bank support 银行支持撤销了,原文并没有提及银行支持,直接排除。 37、[答案][A] the interference from interest groups

[解析] 根据题干due to,判断本题考查因果细节。根据题干关键词:USPS fails to modernize 定位到原文第二段最后一句,在这句前leaving,留下,导致这个结果,往前找原因,前一句提到reform legislation,而且这句前还有this is why,只要找到代词this指代就可以判断选项。代词往前推,根据这句主干interest groups exerts pressure on Congress选择选项A,interference 对应 exert pressure on。

[干扰项分析]选项B,the inadequate funding from Congress,原文虽然有提到Congress国会,the aspect of status quo get protected,国会保护USPS,并没有提及inadequate funding基金不足。选项C,the shrinking

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