熏 smoking 煨 simmering 煮 boiling 烘 baking 烤 roasting 蒸 steaming
红烧 braising (with soy sauce ) 涮羊肉 dip-boiled mutton slices 羊肉串小摊 mutton barbecue stall 宗教 Religions
佛教 Buddhism 释迦牟尼 Sakyamuni 佛寺 Buddhist temple
大雄宝殿 the Great Buddha’s Hall 藏经楼 depositary of Buddhist texts 金刚经 Vajracchedika-sutra 素菜馆 vegetarian restaurant 罗汉堂 arhat hall
观音 Guanyin; Goddess of Mercy; Avalokitesvara 地藏 God of Earth
四大金刚 Four Heavenly Guardians (at the entrance to a Buddhism temple);Four Devarajas
四大天王 Four Heavenly Kings 因果报应 karma 藏传佛教 Lamaism 大藏经 Tripitaka
转世灵童 reincarnated soul boy 喇嘛庙 lamasery 道教 Taoism
道观 Taoist temple 道士 Taoist priest
关帝庙 temple of Lord Guan 儒教 Confucianism
孔子庙 Confucian temple 孔子 Confucius
义，礼，智，信，忠，恕，孝，悌
rightness, propriety , wisdom , trustworthiness , loyalty , reciprocity ,filial piety , brotherly love
学儿优则仕 A good scholar can become an official ./ He who excels in study can follow an official career . 禅宗 Zen Buddhism
不立别传，不立文字，直指人心，见性成佛。 There belief is passed on outside the religion There is no reliance on written scripts
It goes straight into people’s minds . One becomes a Buddha the moment He sees his own Buddha nature . 伊斯兰教 Islam 清真寺 mosques 古兰经 the Koran 耶稣教 Christianity 耶稣基督 Jesus Christ 洗礼 baptism
天主教 Catholicism
天主教堂 Catholic church 古代典籍 Famous Ancient Books
《 春秋 》 The Spring and Autumn Annals 《 史记 》 Historical Records 《 诗经 》 The Book of Songs 《 书经 》 The Book of History 《 易经 》 The Book of Changes 《 礼记 》 The Book of Rites 四书： The Four Books:
《 大学 》 The Great Learning
《 中庸 》 The Doctrine of the Mean 《 论语 》 The Analects of Confucius 《 孟子 》 The Mencius
《 山海经 》 The Classic of Mountains and Rivers 《 本草纲目 》 Compendium of Materia Medica 《 资治通鉴 》 History Retold as a Mirror for Rulers 《 西厢记 》 The Romance of West Chamber 《 三国演义 》 The Romance of the Three Kingdoms 《 水浒传 》 Heroes of the Marshes ; Water Margins 《 西游记 》 Pilgrimage to the West
《 红楼梦 》 Dream of the Red Mansions ; The story of the Stone 《 聊斋志异 》 Strange Tales of a Lonely Studio 六艺：礼，乐，射，御，书，数
six classical arts: rites , music , archery , riding , writing , arithmetic 朦胧诗 misty poetry
三字经 three-character scripture
武侠小说 tales of roving knights; martial arts novel ; a kung fu novel
言情小说 romantic fiction ; sentimental novel 八股文 eight-part essay ; stereotyped writing 五言绝句 five-character quatrain 七言律诗 seven-character octave 相声 cross talk
叠罗汉 make a human pyramid
踩高跷 stilts-walking 马戏 circus performance 说书 story telling 口技 vocal imitation 木偶剧 puppet show 皮影戏 shadow play 折子戏 opera highlights 剪纸 papercuts
国画 traditional Chinese painting Calligraphy 书法 水彩画 watercolors
传统工艺品 traditional handicraft 针灸 acupuncture
草药 herbal medicine 推拿 masage
四大名著the Four Great Chinese Classics
《三国演义》 Romance of the Three Kingdoms 《西游记》 Journey to the West 《水浒传》
Outlaws of the Marsh, All Men Are Brothers 《红楼梦》A Dream of Red Mansions 中国传统文化的精华
The cream of traditional Chinese culture 百花齐放，百家争鸣的方针
The principle of letting a hundred flowers blossom and a hundred schools of thought contend
古为今用，洋为中用
Make the past serve the present and foreign things serve China 推陈出新
Weed through the old and bring forth the new 儒家思想和道家学说
Confucianism and Taoism
消除愚昧 eliminate ignorance
扫除文盲 eliminate （wipe out ） illiteracy 文化冲突 cultural clashes
营造良好的文化环境 create a healthy cultural environment
促进文化市场健康发展 facilitate the sound development of the markets for cultural products
开展对外文化交流 conduct cultural exchange with other countries
博采各国文化之长 draw on strong point of the cultures of other countries 开展群众性文化活动 carry out mass activities on culture 保护文化遗产 protect cultural heritage
继承历史文化优秀传统 carry on the fine cultural traditions history carry on the
fine historical and cultural traditions
繁荣文学艺术 enable literature and art to flourish promote flourishing literature and art
hold an annual academic meeting
尊重知识，尊重人才 respect knowledge and respect competent people
向世界展示中国文化建设的成就 introduce China’s achievements of cultural advancement to the world
加强文化基础设施建设 build more cultural establishments 提倡文明的生活方式 advocate civilized lifestyle(way of life) 不注重历史 neglect history
推动人类文明进步 push forward human civilization 对…持欢迎态度 take a welcoming attitude to
与各国人民交往 communicate with people of all countries 和…持相同观点 share views similar to
第五单元 环境保护
Part I相关词汇和短语
污染 POLLUTION 污染物 Pollutants
气溶胶，气雾剂 Aerosols 农业废物 Agricultural wastes 石棉 Asbestos
商业噪音 Commercial noise 混合污染 Composite pollution 作物废物 Crop waste 二恶英 Dioxins
农家场院废物 Farmyard waste 火、火灾 Fire
危险物质 Hazardous substances 危险废物 Hazardous wastes 重金属 Heavy metals 医院废物 Hospital wastes 工业废水 Industrial effluents 工业排放物 Industrial emissions 工业烟尘 Industrial fumes 工业噪声 Industrial noise
无机污染物 Inorganic pollutants 铅污染 Lead contamination 液体废物 Liquid wastes 丢弃物，废气物 Litter
汞污染 Mercury contamination