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//Îļþ2£¬swapdata.c

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*a = *a + *b; *b = *a - *b; *a = *a - *b;

//Îļþ3£¬selectSort.c

void selectSort(int a[], int n) { }

//Îļþ4£¬main.c #include int main() { }

int a[]={9,1,5,11,7,3,2,8,6,4,0}; int len=sizeof(a)/sizeof(int); int i=0;

for(i=0; i

printf(\puts(\bubbleSort(a, len); for(i=0; i

printf(\putchar(10); int i,j,max;

for(i=0; i

max = i;

for(j=i+1; j

if( a[max] < a[j]) max = j; swapdata(a+max, a+i); if(max != i)

//Îļþ5£¬makefile

sort.exe:main.o bubbleSort.o selectSort.o swap.o

gcc main.o bubbleSort.o selectSort.o swap.o -o sort.exe main.o:main.c

- 31 -

gcc -c main.c -o main.o

gcc -c bubbleSort.c -o bubbleSort.o gcc -c selectSort.c -o selectSort.o gcc -c swapdata.c -o swap.o

bubbleSort.o:bubbleSort.c selectSort.o:selectSort.c swap.o:swapdata.c

#make clean Ãü¡§1Áî¡é?Ö´??ÐÐDÒÔ??ÏÂ?ÄÚ¡§2ÈÝ¡§Y£¬¨º?Ä¿?¼?ÏÂ?ÓÐ?DÎÄ?¼þtcleanÒ²?2Ö´??ÐÐD .PHONY:clean clean:

rm sort.exe *.o

½øÈëÒÔÉÏ5¸öÎļþËùÔÚĿ¼£¬ÔËÐÐ

$make //make±àÒëÒÔÉÏ5Îļþ

4.Íê³É¶Ô˼¿¼Ìâ6.5µÄµ÷ÊÔ ¼û ./6_5 ,µ÷ÊÔ²½Öè¼û£º

#include #include

int main(int argc, char**argv) { }

char *p; int i;

p = malloc(30);

strcpy(p,\printf(\if(argc == 2){ } /*free(p)*/ return 0; if(strcmp(argv[1], \ }

p[50] = 'a'; //Êýoy×騢¡§|ÏÂ?±í¨¤¡§aÔ½?½ç? free(p); p[0]='b';//·Ç¡è?·¨¡è?¡ì·Ã¡è?ÎÊ¡§o£¬¨º?ÒÑ??¾­-free(p) else if(strcmp(argv[1], \5.Íê³É¶Ô˼¿¼Ìâ6.6µÄµ÷ÊÔ

//Ô´ÎļþÈçÏ£¬µ÷ÊÔ²½Öè¼û£º¶þ¡¢2

#include #include int make_key(void); int get_key_num(void); int number(void);

- 32 -

int main() { }

int make_key(void) { }

int get_key_num(void) { }

int number(void) { }

return 10;

int ret = number(); return ret;

int ret = get_key_num(); return ret;

int ret = make_key();

printf(\exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);

6.Íê³É¶Ô˼¿¼Ìâ6.9µÄ±àÖÆ£¬²¢Ê¹ÓÃmake½øÐÐά»¤ //Îļþ makefile ÒÔдºÃ£¬Ô´ÎļþÇë×ÔÐнâ¾ö

prog:a.o b.o c.o d.o assmb.o

gcc a.o b.o c.o d.o assmb.o -L/home/user/lib -lm -o prog gcc -c a.c -o a.o gcc -c b.c -o b.o gcc -c c.c -o c.o gcc -c d.c -o d.o as -o aassmb.o assmb.s a.o:a.c b.o:b.c defs.h c.o:c.c d.o:d.c defs.h assmb.o:assmb.s .PHONY:clean clean:

rm prog *.o

//×Ô¼º°´ÕÕÒªÇó±àдÌâÄ¿ÖÐÎļþºóÔËÐÐ

$make

- 33 -

µÚÁùÕ¡¢Linux»·¾³±à³Ì

Ò»¡¢ ʵÑéÄ¿µÄ

1. Àí½âϵͳµ÷ÓúͿ⺯ÊýµÄÒìͬ¡£ 2. ѧ»áÓÃϵͳµ÷ÓúͿ⺯Êý½øÐбà³Ì¡£

3. ÕÆÎÕһЩ³£ÓõÄϵͳµ÷ÓúͿ⺯ÊýµÄ¹¦Äܼ°Ó¦Óá£

¶þ¡¢ ʵÑéÄÚÈÝ

1. 2. 3. 4.

ʹÓÃϵͳµ÷ÓöÔÎļþ½øÐвÙ×÷¡£ ʹÓÃϵͳµ÷ÓöԽø³Ì½øÐвÙ×÷¡£ ʹÓùܵÀ»úÖƽøÐÐI/O¡£

ʹÓÃÐźŻúÖƽøÐнø³ÌͨÐÅ¡£

Èý¡¢ Ö÷ҪʵÑé²½Öè

1. ±àдһ¸ö³ÌÐò£¬°ÑÒ»¸öÎļþµÄÄÚÈݸ´ÖƵ½ÁíÒ»¸öÎļþÉÏ£¬¼´ÊµÏÖ¼òµ¥µÄcopy ¹¦ÄÜ¡£

ÒªÇó£ºÖ»ÓÃopen()£¬read()£¬write()ºÍclose()ϵͳµ÷Ó㬳ÌÐòµÄµÚÒ»¸ö²ÎÊýÊÇÔ´Îļþ£¬µÚ¶þ¸ö²ÎÊýÊÇÄ¿±êÎļþ¡£ ʾÀý´úÂëÈçÏÂËùʾ£º #include #include #include #include #include #include

void file_copy(char *fname_str1, char *fname_str2) {

int fd1,fd2,nbytes; char buf[10];

if( (fd1=open(fname_str1,O_RDONLY))<0 ) { printf(\ exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } if( (fd2=open(fname_str2,O_WRONLY))<0 ) { printf(\ exit(EXIT_FAILURE); }

while( (nbytes=read(fd1,buf,10))>0 ) { if(write(fd2,buf,10)<0) { printf(\

- 34 -

} }

close(fd1); close(fd2);

exit(EXIT_SUCCESS); }

int main(void) {

char fnamestr1[20], fnamestr2[20]; printf(\ printf(\ scanf(\

printf(\ scanf(\

file_copy(fnamestr1,fnamestr2); return 0; }

2.±àдһ¸ö³ÌÐò£¬ËüÀûÓÃfork() ´´½¨Ò»¸ö×Ó½ø³Ì£»¸¸½ø³Ì´ò¿ªÒ»¸öÎļþ£¬¸¸½ø³ÌÏò¹ÜµÀÖÐдÐÅÏ¢£¬×Ó½ø³Ì´Ó¹ÜµÀÖжÁÐÅÏ¢¡£´òӡÿ¸ö½ø³ÌµÄÁ½¸öIDºÅ¡£×îºó¸¸½ø³ÌÖ´ÐÐwaitpid()¡£ÁíÍâÈç¹ûûÓÐwaitpidµ÷Ó㬻á³öÏÖʲôÇé¿ö£¿ ʾÀýÈçÏÂËùʾ£º #include #include #include #include #include #include

int main(int argc, char *argv) { int fd[2]; int len; pid_t pid; pid_t current_process; pid_t parent_process; char filename[10]; char childbuf[10]; //create a pipe if (pipe(fd) < 0) {

perror(\ exit(1); }

//create the child process if ((pid = fork()) < 0) { perror(\ exit(1);

- 35 -

}

if (pid == 0) { close(fd[1]);

len = read(fd[0], childbuf, 100); childbuf[len] = '\\0';

printf(\ current_process=getpid(); parent_process=getppid();

printf(\ printf(\ printf(\ printf(\

if (execlp(\ perror(\ exit(1); } } else {

close(fd[0]);

printf(\ current_process=getpid(); parent_process=getppid();

printf(\ printf(\ printf(\ scanf(\ write(fd[1], filename, strlen(filename)); //wait the pid process quit waitpid(pid, NULL, 0); return 0; } }

¹ÜµÀ¾ÍÊÇΪÁËÔÝʱ´æ´¢¶«Î÷µÄ£¬int pipe(int filedes[2]); filedes[0]ÊDZíʾ¹ÜµÀµÄ¶Á¶Ë£¬filedes[1]ÊDZíʾ¹ÜµÀµÄд¶Ë¡£Èô³É¹¦£¬Ôò·µ»Ø0£¬Ê§°Ü£¬·µ»Ø-1 ¡£ Ö´Ðнá¹ûÈçÏÂËùʾ£º

- 36 -

¿ÉÊÇÈç¹û°Ñµ¹ÊýµÚËÄÐÐwaitpid(pid, NULL, 0);×¢ÊÍÆðÀ´µÄ»°¡£½á¹ûÓÖ»áÔõôÑùÄØ£¿ ÔËÐнá¹ûÈçÏÂËùʾ£º

ÎÒ¿ÉÒÔ´Ó½á¹û²»ÄÑ¿´³ö£¬µ±Ç°½ø³ÌÔÚ×Ó½ø³ÌûÓÐÍ˳ö֮ǰ¾ÍÌáÇ°Í˳öÁË¡£

3.±àдһ¸ö³ÌÐò£¬¾¡¿ÉÄܶàµØÊä³öÓйص±Ç°½ø³ÌµÄÐÅÏ¢£ºPID¡¢PPID¡¢´ò¿ªÎļþ¡¢µ±Ç°Ä¿Â¼¡¢niceÖµµÈ¡£ÄãÈçºÎÈ·¶¨ÎļþÊÇ·ñ´ò¿ª£¿Èç¹û¶à¸öÎļþÃèÊö·û±íʾͬһ¸öÎļþ£¬Çë¼òҪ˵Ã÷¡££¨Í¬ÑùµØ£¬ÈçºÎÈ·¶¨£¿£© ʾÀýÈçÏÂËùʾ£º #include #include #include #include #include #include

int main(int argc, char *argv) { int fd[2];

int len,n,fd1,fd2; pid_t pid; pid_t current_process; pid_t parent_process; char filename[10]; char childbuf[10]; if (pipe(fd) < 0) {

perror(\ exit(1); }

//create the child process if ((pid = fork()) < 0) { perror(\ exit(1);

- 37 -

}

if (pid == 0) {} else {

close(fd[0]);

printf(\ current_process=getpid(); parent_process=getppid();

printf(\ printf(\ printf(\ scanf(\

if( (fd1=open(filename,O_RDONLY))>=0) {

printf(\ } if( (fd2=open(filename,O_WRONLY))>=0) {

printf(\ }

waitpid(pid, NULL, 0); return 0; } }

˵Ã÷£ºfd1£¬fd2 ÊÇÎļþÃèÊö·û£¬±íʾͬһ¸öÎļþcai.txt¡£µ«ÊÇ×÷Óò»Í¬¡£ ÔËÐнá¹ûÈçÏÂËùʾ£º

4.±àдһ¸ö³ÌÐò£¬Ëû´´½¨Ò»¸ö×Ó½ø³Ì¡£¸¸½ø³ÌÏò×Ó½ø³Ì·¢ËÍÒ»¸öÐźţ¬È»ºóµÈ´ý×Ó½ø³ÌÖÕÖ¹£»×Ó½ø³Ì½ÓÊÕÐźţ¬Êä³ö×Ô¼ºµÄ״̬ÐÅÏ¢£¬×îºóÖÕÖ¹×Ô¼º¡£ ʾÀýÈçÏÂËùʾ£º #include #include #include #include #include int main(void ) { pid_t pid; int status,retval; if((pid=fork())<0)

- 38 -

{ printf(\ exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } if(pid==0) {

printf(\ printf(\

printf(\ sleep(1); kill(getpid(),NULL); } else {

printf(\ printf(\ printf(\ if( (kill(pid, SIGTERM))<0) { printf(\ }

else {

printf(\ } waitpid(pid, NULL,0); } }

ÔËÐнá¹ûÈçÏÂËùʾ£º

- 39 -

µÚÆßÕÂ

- 40 -