is responsible for Organization training, and implementation, and check; 12, master workshops annual economic indicators of implementation, reporting to financial health on a regular basis; 13, is responsible for the daily oversight in the allocation and use of funds; 14, responsible for all Department statistics, collecting, sorting, reporting of accounting reports; 15, the company responsible for the supervision of the Treasury, including the \d grade\y, a library of materials, products for regular inventory handling, sampling, storage monitoring, the picking work, and provide the inventory report, and make the appropriate accounting treatment; 16, responsible for waste and recycling, transportation and settlement; 17, is responsible for all product sales accounting functions; 18, responsible for the company's raw materials, auxiliary materials, account management; 19, is responsible for the flow of control of all assets of the company, according to the changes in accounting treatment of fixed assets and assets to the departments responsible for clearing, settlement and asset monthly report submitted to the asset management section of the Finance Department of the company organized on a company-wide special inspection of asset management; 20, according to the company's business activities, monthly projects involved in the business activities of the company (including expenses, business management, cost control, cash flow, revenue, etc) financial analysis, provide a basis for decisions for the company, the business of the company responsible for monitoring, forecasting and risk analysis; 21, responsible for the settlement of transactions with the Bank; 22, is 附录二：练习参考答
D．人的本质形成于人的各种社会关系中
23、人民群众是历史的创造者，具体表现在： （ ABD ）
A．人民群众是物质财富的创造者 B．人民群众是精神财富的创造者 C．人民群众的各种活动都能推动社会进步 D．人民群众是实现社会变革的决定力量
四、判断题：（判断正误，正确的打“√”，错的打“×”）
1、在阶级社会中，意识形态具有鲜明的阶级属性。√ 2、人才资源是第一资源。√ 3、社会意识是对社会存在的反映。√ 4、社会意识都属于思想上层建筑。× 5、生产力是衡量社会进步的根本尺度。√
6、科学技术是先进生产力的集中体现和主要标志。√ 7、阶级斗争是阶级对立社会发展的根本动力。× 8、国家的实质是一个阶级统治另一个阶级的工具。√ 9、生产关系中起决定作用的是生产资料的所有制形式。√ 10、生产力是社会发展的最终决定力量。√
11、社会形态更替的过程是一个合目的性与合规律性相统一的过程。√ 12、人类历史是杰出人物创造的。×
第四章 资本主义的形成及其本质
一、单项选择题：（下列每小题的四个选项中，有一项是最符合题意的，错选、多选或未选均无分） 1、人类社会发展至今有两种基本经济形态： （ A ）
A．自然经济和商品经济 B．市场经济和商品经济 C．计划经济和市场经济 D．自然经济和产品经济
2、商品是： （ D ）
A．一切物品 B．一切有用的物品
C．用于满足人们需要的劳动产品 D．用来交换的有用的劳动产品 3、商品的二因素是： （ B ）
A．使用价值和交换价值 B．使用价值和价值 C．价值和交换价值 D．价值和价格
is responsible for Organization training, and implementation, and check; 12, master workshops annual economic indicators of implementation, reporting to financial health on a regular basis; 13, is responsible for the daily oversight in the allocation and use of funds; 14, responsible for all Department statistics, collecting, sorting, reporting of accounting reports; 15, the company responsible for the supervision of the Treasury, including the \brary of materials, products for regular inventory handling, sampling, storage monitoring, the picking work, and provide the inventory report, and make the appropriate accounting treatment; 16, responsible for waste and recycling, transportation and settlement; 17, is responsible for all product sales accounting functions; 18, responsible for the company's raw materials, auxiliary materials, account management; 19, is responsible for the flow of control of all assets of the company, according to the changes in accounting treatment of fixed assets and assets to the departments responsible for clearing, settlement and asset monthly report submitted to the asset management section of the Finance Department of the company organized on a company-wide special inspection of asset management; 20, according to the company's business activities, monthly projects involved in the business activities of the company (including expenses, business management, cost control, cash flow, revenue, etc) financial analysis, provide a basis for decisions for the company, the business of the company responsible for monitoring, forecasting and risk analysis; 21, responsible for the settlement of transactions with the Bank; 22, is — 34 —附录二：练习参考答
4、一定社会财富的物质内容由： （A ）
A．使用价值构成 B．交换价值构成 C．价值构成 D．货币构成
5、不同的商品之所以能按一定的量的比例相交换，其原因在于它们： （ D ）
A．有不同的使用价值 B．可以满足人们不同的需要 C．都是具体劳动的产物 D．都凝结了一般人类劳动
6、商品价值在本质上体现了： （ D ）
A．一般人类劳动 B．抽象劳动
C．具体劳动 D．生产者之间的一定的社会关系 7、形成商品使用价值的是生产商品的： （ C ）
A．劳动 B．时间 C．具体劳动 D．抽象劳动
8、形成商品价值实体的是生产商品的： （ D ）
A．劳动 B．时间 C．具体劳动 D．抽象劳动
9、形成商品价值的抽象劳动是： （ D ）
A．脑力劳动 B．各种形式不同的劳动 C．体力劳动 D．无差别的一般人类劳动
10、商品使用价值和价值的关系是： （ A ）
A．没有使用价值的东西就不会有价值 B．没有价值的东西就不会有使用价值 C．没有使用价值的东西也有价值 D．有使用价值的东西就一定有价值
11、马克思指出：“如果物没有用，那么其中包含的劳动也就没有用，不能算作劳动，因此不形成价值。”这段话说明： （ A ）
A．价值的存在以物的有用性为前提 B．价值的存在与物的有用性互为前提
C．只要物是有用的，它就有价值 D．物越是有用就越有价值
12、马克思说：“一切商品对它们的所有者是非使用价值，对它们的非所有者是使用价值。”这句话表明： （ D ）
A．有使用价值的不一定有价值 B．商品不可能有使用价值又有价值 C．商品所有者同时获得使用价值和价值 D．商品是使用价值和价值的对立统一
13、商品的二因素是由： （ C ）
is responsible for Organization training, and implementation, and check; 12, master workshops annual economic indicators of implementation, reporting to financial health on a regular basis; 13, is responsible for the daily oversight in the allocation and use of funds; 14, responsible for all Department statistics, collecting, sorting, reporting of accounting reports; 15, the company responsible for the supervision of the Treasury, including the \d grade\y, a library of materials, products for regular inventory handling, sampling, storage monitoring, the picking work, and provide the inventory report, and make the appropriate accounting treatment; 16, responsible for waste and recycling, transportation and settlement; 17, is responsible for all product sales accounting functions; 18, responsible for the company's raw materials, auxiliary materials, account management; 19, is responsible for the flow of control of all assets of the company, according to the changes in accounting treatment of fixed assets and assets to the departments responsible for clearing, settlement and asset monthly report submitted to the asset management section of the Finance Department of the company organized on a company-wide special inspection of asset management; 20, according to the company's business activities, monthly projects involved in the business activities of the company (including expenses, business management, cost control, cash flow, revenue, etc) financial analysis, provide a basis for decisions for the company, the business of the company responsible for monitoring, forecasting and risk analysis; 21, responsible for the settlement of transactions with the Bank; 22, is 附录二：练习参考答
A．劳动生产率决定的 B．劳动时间的二重性决定的 C．生产商品的劳动二重性决定的 D．劳动的复杂程度决定的 14、生产商品的劳动二重性是： （B ）
A、简单劳动和复杂劳动 B．具体劳动和抽象劳动 C．必要劳动和剩余劳动 D．私人劳动和社会劳动
15、具体劳动和抽象劳动是： （ D ）
A．两种劳动 B．两次劳动
C．两个过程的劳动 D．同一劳动过程的两个方面 16、生产商品的劳动分具体劳动和抽象劳动，其中具体劳动的作用是：（ D ）
A．创造新价值 B．创造剩余价值 C．创造必然价值 D．创造使用价值
17、商品价值量取决于： （ D ）
A．货币量 B．使用价值的量 C．商品的有用程度 D．生产商品的劳动量
18、商品价值量是由： （ D ）
A．商品的供求状况决定的 B．生产商品的劳动时间决定的 C．生产商品的个别劳动时间决定的 D．生产商品的社会必要劳动时间决定的
19、衡量商品价值量的劳动时间是： （ D ）
A．必要劳动时间 B．剩余劳动时间 C．个别劳动时间 D．社会必要劳动时间
20、社会必要劳动时间是在现有的社会正常生产条件下，在社会平均劳动熟练程度和劳动强度下制造某种使用价值所需要的劳动时间，它是以： （ B ）
A．具体劳动为尺度的 B．简单劳动为尺度的 C．复杂劳动为尺度的 D．个别劳动为尺度的
21、商品的价值量由生产商品的社会必要劳动时间决定，它是在： （ A ）
A．同类商品的生产者之间的竞争中实现的 B．不同商品的生产者之间的竞争中实现的 C．商品的生产者和消费者之间的竞争中实现的 D．商品的生产者和销售者之间的竞争中实现的
22、商品生产者要获得更多收益必须使生产商品的： （ D ）
A．个别劳动时间等于倍加的社会必要劳动时间 B．个别劳动时间等于社会必要劳动时间
is responsible for Organization training, and implementation, and check; 12, master workshops annual economic indicators of implementation, reporting to financial health on a regular basis; 13, is responsible for the daily oversight in the allocation and use of funds; 14, responsible for all Department statistics, collecting, sorting, reporting of accounting reports; 15, the company responsible for the supervision of the Treasury, including the \brary of materials, products for regular inventory handling, sampling, storage monitoring, the picking work, and provide the inventory report, and make the appropriate accounting treatment; 16, responsible for waste and recycling, transportation and settlement; 17, is responsible for all product sales accounting functions; 18, responsible for the company's raw materials, auxiliary materials, account management; 19, is responsible for the flow of control of all assets of the company, according to the changes in accounting treatment of fixed assets and assets to the departments responsible for clearing, settlement and asset monthly report submitted to the asset management section of the Finance Department of the company organized on a company-wide special inspection of asset management; 20, according to the company's business activities, monthly projects involved in the business activities of the company (including expenses, business management, cost control, cash flow, revenue, etc) financial analysis, provide a basis for decisions for the company, the business of the company responsible for monitoring, forecasting and risk analysis; 21, responsible for the settlement of transactions with the Bank; 22, is — 36 —附录二：练习参考答
C．个别劳动时间大于社会必要劳动时间 D．个别劳动时间小于社会必要劳动时间
23、商品经济是以交换为目的而进行生产的经济形式，它的基本规律是：（ A ）
A．价值规律 B．剩余价值规律
C．竞争规律 D．生产力决定生产关系的规律 24、简单商品经济的基本矛盾是： （ C ）
A．使用价值和价值的矛盾 B．具体劳动和抽象劳动的矛盾 C．私人劳动和社会劳动的矛盾
D．个别劳动时间和社会必要劳动时间的矛盾
25、货币转化为资本的决定性条件是： （ C ）
A．货币是一般等价物 B．生产资料可以买卖 C．劳动力成为商品 D．资本主义市场的形成
26、劳动力成为商品是： （ D ）
A．一切社会共同存在的现象 B．私有制社会共同存在的现象 C．商品经济社会共同存在的现象 D．资本主义社会特有的现象 27、劳动力商品使用价值的特殊性表现在，它在使用过程中： （ D ）
A．随着使用价值的消失，价值也消失 B．能转移自身价值
C．能保持自身价值 D．能创造出比自身价值更大的价值 28、资本主义生产过程是： （ C ）
A．劳动过程和使用价值生产过程的统一 B．劳动过程和价值形成过程的统一 C．劳动过程和价值增殖过程的统一 D．价值形成和价值增殖过程的统一 29、能准确反映资本家对工人剥削程度的因素是： （ D ）
A．工人工资的高低 B．工人劳动时间的长短 C．工人劳动强度的大小 D．剩余价值率的高低
30、剩余价值率反映的是： （ B ）
A．不变资本的价值增殖程度 B．资本家对工人的剥削程度 C．固定资本的价值增殖程度 D．预付资本的价值增殖程度 31、剩余价值的源泉是： （ A ）
A、雇佣工人的剩余劳动 B、雇佣工人的必要劳动 C．雇佣工人的具体劳动 D．雇佣工人的抽象劳动
32、资本主义生产方式的绝对规律是： （ A ）
A．剩余价值规律 B．价值规律 C．平均利润规律 D．竞争规律