第八章 热量衡算
8.1 塔顶热量衡算
表8-1苯—甲苯的蒸发潜热与临界温度
物质 苯 甲苯
由: QC?(R?1)?D?(IVD?ILD)
其中 IVD?ILD?XD??HVA?(1?XD)??HVB
1?Tr20.38) ?HV2??HV1?(1?Tr1沸点0C 80.1 110.63
蒸发潜热KJ/Kg
394 363
临界温度TC/K
288.5 318.57
则: t D = 81.7 0C时 苯:
Tr2?(81.7?273.15)/288.5?1.23Tr1?(80.1?273.15)/288.5?1.22
1?Tr20.381?1.230.38)?394?()?400.71kJ/kg 蒸发潜热 ?HV2??HV1?(1?Tr11?1.22甲苯: Tr 2 = (81.7 + 273.15) / 318.57 = 1.11
Tr1 = (110.63 + 273.15) / 318.57 = 1.2
1?Tr20.381?1.110.38)?363?()?289.23kJ/kg 蒸发潜热 ?HV2??HV1?(1?Tr11?1.2 M D = 78.59g / mol
D ' = M D × D = 78.587 × 15.31=1203.21kJ / kg
IVD –I LD = X D ×△HVA -(1 -X D ) ×△HVB
= 0.966 × 400.71- (1- 0.966) × 289.23
= 377.25kJ / kg
QC = ( R + 1) × D ' × ( IVD- I LD )
= (2.46+1) × 1203.21 × 377.25 =1.571×106 kJ / kg
8.2塔底热量衡算
QC?(R?1)?D?(IVD?ILD)
其中 IVD?ILD?XD??HVA?(1?XD)??HVB
1?Tr20.38 ?HV2??HV1?()
1?Tr1则: tw=107.80C
苯: Tr 2 = (107.8 + 273.15) / 288.5 = 1.32
Tr1 = (80.1 + 273.15) / 288.5 = 1.22
蒸发潜热 △HV 1 = △HV 1 ×[( 1- Tr 2) /(1-Tr1)]0.38
= 394 ×[( 1-1.32) /(1-1.22)]0.38=454.29 kJ / kg
甲苯: Tr 2 = (107.8 + 273.15) / 318.57 = 1.196
Tr1 = (110.63 + 273.15) / 318.57 = 1.2047
蒸发潜热 △HV 2 = △HV 1 ×[( 1- Tr 2) /(1-Tr1)]0.38
= 363×[( 1-1. 1995) /(1-1.2047)]0.38=357.058
MW = 91.47kg / mol
D ' = MW × W = 91.47× 16.362= 1496.362J / kg IVw- I Lw = (1- X w) ×△HV2- X w×△HV1
= (1- 0.0468) × 359.47 -0.00.468× 454.29 = 319.09kJ / kg
QC = ( R + 1) × D ' × ( IVD- I LD )
= (2.42+1)× 1496.362× 319.09 = 1.633× 106 kJ / kg
8.3 焓值衡算
由前面的计算过程及结果可知:
塔顶温度tD?81.7℃,塔底温度tw?107.8℃,进料温度tF?91.6℃。
tD?81.7℃下:
CP1=99.14KJ/(kmol?K) CP2=124.36KJ/(kmol?K)
Cp?CP1?xD?CP2?(1?xD)?99.14?0.966?124.36?0.034?99.997KJ(kmol?K)
tw?107.8℃下:
CP1?106.7KJ/(kmol?K) CP2?133.80KJ/(kmol?K)
C PW ? C P1 xW ? C P 2 (1- xW ) ? 106.7 ? 0.0468? 133.80 ? 0.9532 ? 132.53 KJ /(kmol K ) tD?80.49℃下:
?1?392.88KJ/kg ?2?378.86KJ/kg
? ? ?1x D ? ?2 (1- x D ) ? 392.88 ? 0.966 ? 378.86 ? 0.034 ? 392.4KJ / kg
塔顶:
M D ? M 1 x D ? M 2 (1 -x D ) ? 78.11?0.966 ? 92.13 ? 0.034 ? 78.59kg / kmol
(1)0℃时塔顶气体上升的焓 QV 塔顶以 0℃为基准。
QV ? V C P t D ? V ? MD ?52.97?99.997 ? 81.7? 52.97?392.4 ? 78.59
=2.07× 106 kJ / h (2) 回流液的焓 QR
QR ? L C P tD' ? 37.66?99.997 ? 81.7 ?3.08?105
(3) 塔顶馏出液的焓 QD
因馏出口与回流口组成一样,所以 CD ? 99.997 KJ /(kmol K )
QD ? D C D t D
? 15.31?99.997 ?81.7 ? 1.25?10KJ / h 5
(4) 冷凝器消耗的焓 QC
QC?QV-QR-QD ?2.07?106-3.08?105-1.25?105 ?1.637?106KJ/h (5) 进料口的焓 QF
tF?91.6℃下:
CP1?104.02KJ/(kmol?K) CP2?130.03KJ/(kmol?K) C P ? C P1 x F ? C P 2 ? (1 -x F ) ? 104.02 ? 0.491 ? 130.03? (1- 0.491) ?66.36 KJ /(kmol K ) 所以 QF ? F C P t F ? 31.672?66.36 ? 91.6 ? 1.925?105KJ / h (6)塔底残液QW
QW ? W CW tW ? 16.362? 132.53? 107.8 ? 2.34?105KJ / h (7)再沸器 QB (全塔范围内列衡算式) 塔釜热损失为 10%,则 η =0.9 设再沸器损失能量
Q 损?0.1QB,QB?QF?QC?QW?Q损?QD
加热器实际热负荷
0.9QB?QC?QW?QD-QF?2.247?105?2.34?105?1.25?105-1.925?105?2.4135?105QB?24135?105/0.9?2.68?106KJ/h