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(1)

CH3HOCH2CHCH2COOH (2)

O(CH3)2CHCCH2COOCH3OH

(3) CH3CH2COCH2CHO (4)

(CH3)2C=CHCH2CHCH3CHO

(5) ClCOCH2COOH (6)

OCH3OH

OCH3(7)

CH2CH2OH

NO2 (8)

Cl

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(3) 3-Ñõ´úÎìÈ© or 3-Îìͪȩ (4) 5-¼×»ù-4-¼ºÏ©-2-´¼ (5) ±û¶þËáµ¥õ£ÂÈor Âȼ×õ£»ùÒÒËá (6) 4-ôÇ»ù-3-¼×Ñõ»ù±½¼×È©

(7) 2-Ïõ»ù±½¼×ÃÑ (8) 2-¼äÂȱ½ÒÒ´¼ or 2-(3-Âȱ½»ù)ÒÒ´¼

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CH3CCH2CO(CH2)3CH3OO(3) 2CH3CH2COOCH2CH3CH3CH2CCHCOC2H5

CH3OCH2CCHCOOC2H5

(6)

CH2COOC2H5(1) C2H5ONa(2) H+(Èý) ÏÂÁи÷¶Ô»¯ºÏÎÄÇЩÊÇ»¥±äÒì¹¹Ì壿ÄÇЩÊǹ²ÕñÔÓ»¯Ì壿

(1)

OHCH3OºÍOH3CCOHCHCCH3CCHCCH3

O-(2) CH3OºÍH3CCO-CO

(3) CH2=CHCH=CH2OºÍºÍCH2OHCH=CHCH2

(4)

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(1) Ï©±û»ùäå (2) äåÒÒËá¼×õ¥ (3) äå±ûͪ

(4) ±ûõ£ÂÈ (5) 1,2-¶þäåÒÒÍé (6)¦Á-äå´ú¶¡¶þËá¶þ¼×õ¥

O½â£º(1) CH3COCH2CH=CH2OOCH2COOCH3CHCOC2H5 (2) CH3CCHCOC2H5

OCH2COCH3OOCOC2H5O (6)

O (3) CH3CCHCOC2H5 (4) CH3CCHCOC2H5

OCH3C (5)

OCHCH2CHCOC2H5OCOC2H5OCHCH2COOCH3COOCH3

H2CCH3COCH3CCHCOC2H5(Îå) ÒÔ¼×´¼¡¢ÒÒ´¼¼°ÎÞ»úÊÔ¼ÁΪԭÁÏ£¬¾­ÒÒõ£ÒÒËáÒÒõ¥ºÏ³ÉÏÂÁл¯ºÏÎï¡£

(1) 3-¼×»ù-2-¶¡Íª (2) 2-¼º´¼ (3) ¦Á,¦Â-¶þ¼×»ù¶¡Ëá (4)¦Ã-ÎìͪËá (5) 2,5-¼º¶þͪ (6) 2,4-Îì¶þͪ ½â£ºÏȺϳÉÒÒõ£ÒÒËáÒÒõ¥

OCH3CH2OHO2CH3COC2H5KMnO4CH3COOHC2H5OHH+CH3COC2H5O

(1) C2H5ONa(2) CH3COOHOCH3CCH2COC2H5£¨ÒÔÏÂͬ£©O(1) ·ÖÎö£ºÀ´×ÔÈýÒÒH3CCCHCH3CH3ÉÏ2¸ö CH3I

O½â£ºCH3COCH2COC2H5C2H5O-Na+CH3 IOOCH3CH3CCHCOC2H5C2H5O-Na+CH3 I

OCH3OCH3CCCH3COC2H5(1) Ï¡OH- ,(2) H+, (3) ??OH3CCCHCH3

CH3ͪʽ·Ö½âCH3OHOH(2) ·ÖÎö£ºCH3CHCH2CH2CH2CH3HICH3I

OH2NiCH3CCH2CH2CH2CH3À´×ÔÈýÒÒ

ÉÏBrCH2CH2CH3OOCH2CH2CH3O½â£ºCH3COCH2COC2H5OC2H5O-Na+CH3CH2CH2BrCH3CCHCOC2H5

OH(1) 5%NaOH(2) H+(3) ??? -CO2£¨³Éͪ·Ö½â£©CH3CCH2CH2CH2CH3H2NiCH3CHCH2CH2CH2CH3

Õý±û»ùäå¿ÉÓÉËù¸øµÄ¼×´¼ºÍÒÒ´¼±ä»¯¶øµÃ£º

CH3OHCH3CH2OHHBrCrO3H2SO4H2C=O

CH2O¾ø¶ÔÒÒÃÑH+CH3CH2BrMgÒÒÃÑCH3CH2MgBrHBr

CH3CH2CH2OHCH3ÉÏCH3CHBrOCH3CH2CH2Br ÉÏCH3I

À´×ÔÈýÒÒ³ÉËá·Ö½â(3) ·ÖÎö£º

CH3CH3CHCH3CHCOOHOOO½â£º CHCCHCOCH3225BrCH3CHCH3C2H5ONa-+

CH3CCHCOC2H5 NaOOOOC2H5O-Na+CH3CCHCOC2H5CH(CH3)2-+CH3CCCOC2H5 Na

CH(CH3)2CH3CH3IOCHCH3 (2) H+CH3C C COC2H5(3) ????-CO2CH3O£¨³ÉËá·Ö½â£©(1) 40%NaOHCH3CH3CH3CHCHCOOH

(4) ·ÖÎö£º

OÀ´×ÔÈýÒÒCH3CCH2CH2COOHC2H5ONaÉÏBrCH2COOCH2CH3

OO½â£º CHCCHCOCH3225-BrCH2COOC2H5CH3CCHCOC2H5 Na+OOO

O(1) 5%NaOH(2) H+(3) ??? -CO2£¨³Éͪ·Ö½â£©CH3CCHCOC2H5CH2COC2H5OOCH3CCH2CH2COOH

O(5) ·ÖÎö£º

À´×ÔÈýÒÒOCH2CCH3À´×ÔÈýÒÒCH3CCH2

Óà I2 żÁªOO½â£º 2CH3CCH2COC2H52C2H5ONa-+

2 CH3CCHCOC2H5 Na(1) 5%NaOHOOOI2OCC2H5C2H5CH3CCHO(2) H+(3) ??? -CO2£¨³Éͪ·Ö½â£©OOCH3CCHCOCH3CCH2CH2CCH3

(6) ·ÖÎö£º

OÀ´×ÔÈýÒÒOCCH3OOÉÏ ClOCH3CCH2+CCH3

OONaH½â£º CH3CCH2COC2H5-CH3CCHCOC2H5 Na++H2

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OCH3CClOOOOCH3CCHCOC2H5COCH3CH3CCH2CCH3

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