专题四 介词 考向预测
介词是英语中比较活跃的词，它与名词、形容词、副词和动词等构成搭配时用法灵活，意义丰富。搭配比较活跃的介词主要有in, out, up, down, on, off, to, from, for, over, with等。
2019年高考介词的考查仍然会以介词的固定短语和介词辨析为主。在学习介词时，应重点掌握介词的基本用法，同时注意总结其与名词、形容词、副词、动词等搭配构成的短语的意思和用法。
知识与技巧的梳理 的语法项目之一。在高考考查中主要是对常用介词的辨析和对介词短语搭配的考查。 考点1 常见介词的活用
介词在英语中比较活跃，然而在高考中直接考查介词的题不是很多，但是介词却是考生最容易犯错误
by, with, against, over, on, in, at, besides, for等是常考的介词。掌握这些介词的用法和意义，准确把握句子语境是解题的关键。下面是近年高考考查最多的几个介词，应重点掌握：
1. over可表位置，意为“在……上方；越过；遮住，盖住”，也可表时间，意为“在……期间；（多年）以来”等，它还有“在……（问题）上；对（某事）”等引申意义。如：
①You can’t wear a blue jacket over that shirt—It’ll look terrible．你不能在那件衬衣外面再穿上蓝色的夹克——太难看了。
②We had a pleasant chat over a cup of tea．我们一边喝茶一边愉快地交谈。 ③We heard it over the radio．我们从广播中听到了它。
2.by的主要意思有“在……旁，靠近；乘(车、船等)；不迟于；到……为止；被，由；根据，按照(关系)；通过……方式”等，还可以用来表示增加或减少的程度。by构成的常见短语有： by and by 不久，迟早 by and large 大体上 by oneself 单独 by the way 顺便说说
by far 到目前为止，最…… by chance 碰巧 by accident 偶然地
by means of 借助
by no means 绝不，一点也不 by mistake 错误地
①The water in the river rose by two meters．河水上涨了两米。 ②He is an Englishman by birth．他在血统上是英国人。
3.with可以用来表示“带有，拥有；随着；就……来说；用，以；和，与；对于，关于“等意思。with还可用来表示原因。如：
①He turned red with anger.他气得脸变红了。
②The problem with looking into space from the earth is that there is a lot of dust in the earth’s air.从地球上观察太空存在一个问题，就是地球的大气中有大量的尘埃。
4．beyond表示“(时间)过了，比……晚，迟于；(位置)在……那边，超出……之外；(范围)超过，为……所不及，超出……的范围”等意思。如：
①They arrived beyond nine o’clock．他们过了9：00才到。 ②The book is beyond me．这本书我看不懂。
③Tom is far beyond his elder brother in maths．汤姆的数学比他哥哥的好多了。 【典例】
Annie said she enjoyed the moment most that every morning she waked towards the classroom, she could see me standing outside the front door __________ a smile on my face. 【答案】with
【解析】考查介词用法。句子意思：安妮说她喜欢那一时刻，每天早上当她走进教室，她可以看到我站在前门，脸上带着微笑。with a smile on my face “脸上带着笑”，做状语。
考点2 介词的固定搭配
高考主要考查学生对固定短语的掌握程度、对短语意义的了解以及介词在这些固定搭配中的应用。 1．名词词组：on the contrary相反；in turn依次；in one’s opinion根据某人的看法；on time准时；out of reach够不着
2．动词词组：remind sb of sth提醒某人某事；rob sb of sth抢劫某人的……；result from由……引起；call at访问(某地)
3．形容词词组：be curious about对……好奇；be proud of因……而自豪；be popular with受到……的欢迎 4．介词短语：apart from除……以外；in addition to除……之外(还)；because of因为；instead of代替；in fear of为……提心吊胆；for fear of以免；in case of万一；thanks to由于；in the middle of在……中间；according to根据；in front of在……前面；in return for作为对……的回报；in charge of负责；as a result of作为……的结果；in exchange for与……交换等 【典例】
Next time you are to come for dinner, don’t forget to inform me _________ advance so that I can make preparations.
【答案】in
【解析】考查介词用法。句子意思：下次你来吃饭的时候，不要忘了提前告知我，以便我做好准备。in advance“提前”。
限时训练 经典常规题
一、语法填空
（45分钟）
1.【2018·全国III】I was searching ______ these three western lowland gorillas I'd been observing. 【答案】for
【解题思路】考查介词，根据固定搭配search for，表示“寻找”，本句句意为：我在寻找我研究的三只西部低地大猩猩，故答案填for。
2.【2018·浙江】If you are not going to suffer this problem, then I suggest that the next time you go to your mum’s homedinner, get a few cooking tips from her. 【答案】for
【解题思路】考查介词的固定搭配。go to sp for dinner去某处吃饭，故答案为for。
3.【2017·全国卷Ⅰ】This trend, which was started by the medical community(医学界) ________ a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side effects such as overweight and heart disease—the very thing the medical community was trying to fight. 【答案】as
【解题思路】考查介词。这个做法最初是医学界作为一种对抗心脏病的形式开始的。as表示“作为”，故填as。 4.【2017·全国卷Ⅱ】It ran for just under seven kilometres and allowed people to avoid terrible crowds on the roads above as they travelled to and ________ work. 【答案】from
【解题思路】考查介词。与前面的介词to一起来表示上下班(to and from work)。
5.【2017·全国卷Ⅲ】After school she plans to take a year off to model full-time before going to university to get a degree ________ engineering or architecture. 【答案】in
【解题思路】考查介词。get a degree in是固定搭配，意为“在……方面获得学位”。 二、短文改错
6.【2018·全国I】At the end of our trip, I told my father that I planned to return for every two years, and he agreed. 【答案】删除for
【解题思路】考查介词的用法。时间名词有every，each，last等词修饰时，其前不用介词。故删除for。 7.【2018·全国II】Still I was unwilling to play the games for them sometimes. 【答案】for改为with
【解题思路】考查介词。play the games with sb.表示“和某人一块玩游戏”，故把for改为with。 8.【2017·全国卷Ⅰ】It was a relief and I came to a sudden stop just in the middle on the road. 【答案】on改为of
【解题思路】考查介词。分析语境可知作者表示“在路中间急刹车”。on the road表示“在路上”， the middle of the road表示“路的中央”，强调的是“the middle”。故将on改为of。 9.【2017·全国卷Ⅱ】They have also bought for some gardening tools. 【答案】去掉for
【解题思路】考查动词搭配。buy为及物动词，不能接介词for。
10.【2017·全国卷Ⅲ】When I look at this picture of myself, I realize of how fast time flies. 【答案】删去第二个of
【解题思路】考查介词。realize是及物动词，后接宾语不需要介词，故删去介词of。
11.【2016·浙江】While they chatted, my father would lift my sister and me up to sit in the top of the fridge. 【答案】in改成on
【解题思路】考查介词。on the top of…为固定搭配，意为“在……顶部”。故in改成on。
高频易错题
一、语法填空
A lot of films have tried to describe the afterlife and our memories of （2019届湖北省仙桃中学高三8月考试）
family members who have passed away. ___1____ few have done this as well as Coco, Disney-Pixar’s latest animated film.
__2___(inspire) by the Mexican holiday of Dia de los Muertos, or Day of the Dead, the film tells the story of a young boy named Miguel who wants his family to understand his love of music. On that year’s Dia de los Muertos, he ___3____(accident) ends up in the Land of the Dead. While there, Miguel has ___4____ unforgettable and adventurous night.
Family is a__5___(center) concept in Mexican culture. On Dia de los Muertos, people in Mexico honor their ancestors by putting their photos up on a family shrine (神龛), ____6____ is shown in the film, and share food and drinks __7____(keep) the spirits of their family members alive. “In an era when young people_____8_____(attract) by celebrities so easily, Coco reveals the__9______(empty) of such adulation (谄媚), teaching kids to preserve and respect the memory of their elders while reminding