二、三。 2) 出于承担责任、接受惩罚或感到情况不利时,单数人称的顺序通常为一、二、三。复数人称的顺序通常为三、二、一。
3.3 物主代词
3.3.1英语中的物主代词 英语中的物主代词分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。
词义 我的 类型 形容词性 物主代词 名词性物 主代词 my mine 你的 your yours 他(她)(它)的 我们的 his, her, its his, hers, its our ours 你们的 your yours 他们的 their theirs
3.3.2形容词性物主代词 形容词性的物主代词只能用作定语。 ·Eight years before he had seen his friend off at the North Wall and wished him godspeed. (A Little Cloud, James Joyce) 八年前他在诺斯沃尔送他朋友远行, 愿他走运。 ·She looked at me with her little bright eyes. (Huckleberry Finn, Mark Twain) 她用她那小小的、亮亮的眼睛打量着我。 ·…but for the moment we were going to keep our engagement secret from Mr Spenlow. (David Copperfield, Charles Dickens) ?但目前我们打算先对斯本罗先生保守我们已经订婚的秘密。 3.3.3名词性物主代词 名词性物主代词相当于“物主代词+名词”,在句子中可用作名词所能充当的成分。 3.3.3.1作表语 ·This pen is mine, not his. 这是我的笔,不是他的笔。 ·I know this house is hers. 我知道这个房子是她的。 ·Which book is yours? 哪本书是你的? 3.3.3.2作主语 ·Ours is a happy family. 我们家是一个幸福的家。 ·This is my chair, yours is over there. 这是我的椅子,你的在那边。 ·His is very plain life. 他的生活相当平淡。 3.3.3.3作宾语 ·Let’s clean his (their) room first, and mine (ours) later. 咱们先打扫他(们)的房间,再打扫我(们)的房间。
·You mind your business and I’ll mind mine. (The Outstation, W. Somerset Maugham) 你管好你自己的事, 我也会管好我的事。 ·I like my book better than hers. 我更喜欢我的书,胜过她的。
3.4 反身代词
3.4.1 英语中的反身代词 英语中的反身代词按照单数第一人称、第二人称、第三人称以及复数第一人称、第二人称、第三人称的顺序列出下表: 单 数 复 数 myself ourselves yourself yourselves himself, herself, itself themselves 3.4.2反身代词在句中的作用 3.4.2.1作动词宾语或介词宾语 A. 作动词宾语 ·I can’t express myself properly in English. 我不能正确地用英语表达自己的意思。 ·I could not wait another day to introduce myself. (Frankenstein, Mary Shelly) 我一天都等不了, 急着要介绍我自己。 ·They are pulling their sledges themselves. (The Coldest Place on Earth, Tim Vicary) 他们自己正拉着雪橇前进。 B. 作介词宾语 ·Boldwood realized they had noticed him, and suddenly felt unsure of himself. (Far from the Madding Crowd, Thomas Hardy) 伯德伍德意识到他们在注意自己, 他突然感到没有信心。 3.4.2.2作表语 ·I am not quite myself these days. 近来我身体不大舒服。 ·This is myself. 这就是我自己。
3.4.2.3作主语或宾语的同位语 A. 作主语的同位语 ·The theory itself is all right. 这理论本身没有问题。 ·He himself can not understand the idea. 他自己也不能理解这个想法。 B. 作宾语的同位语 ·You should write the letter yourself. 你应该自己写这封信。
3.4.2.4反身代词还可与某些动词构成成语: ·I hope you’ll enjoy yourself. 希望你玩的好。 ·Overworking yourself will lead to bad health.
过度劳累会导致身体欠佳。 ·Don’t absent yourself from class. 不要缺课。
3.5 指示代词
指示代词包括this, that, these, those在句中可以起到下面的作用。 3.5.1作主语 ·That (This) is what I want to emphasize. 这是我想强调的。 ·These are very important. 这些很重要。 ·That is a good book which is opened with expectation and closed with profit. 好书开卷引人入胜, 掩卷让人获益。 3.5.2作宾语 ·We should always keep this in mind. 我们应该常记住这一点。 ·The ladies of Longbourn soon visited those of Neither-field.(Pride and Prejudice, Jane Austen ) 浪博恩的小姐们不久就去拜访尼日斐庄园的小姐们。 ·Put this away. 把这个收好。 3.5.3作表语 ·My idea is this. 我的意思是这样的。 ·His points are these. 他的观点是这些。 ·Good students are those who study hard. 好学生是那些努力学习的人。 3.5.4. 做定语 ·These new shoes are painfully tight. 这双新鞋太紧,夹得脚疼。 ·That trial is not fair where affection is the judge. 法官动感情, 审理不公平。 ·His first feeling was pity for those gentle sheep and their unborn lambs. (Far from the Madding Crowd, Thomas Hardy) 他首先是为那些温顺的羊和它们尚未出世的羊羔感到惋惜。
3.6 疑问代词
3.6.1英语中的疑问代词 英语中疑问代词有who, whom, whose, what和which 都是用来构成特殊问句的。 3.6.2 疑问代词who, whom的用法 3.6.2.1 who用作主语: ·Who laughs last laughs best. 笑在最后的人笑得最好。
·Who will not keep a penny, shall never have money. 存不了小钱的人一辈子没大钱。 ·Who keeps company of wolves, will learn to howl. 与狼为伍, 必学狼嚎。(近墨者黑。) 3.6.2.2 “谁”作宾语时用宾格whom ·Whom do you want to speak to? 你想找谁讲话? ·Whom God would ruin, he first deprives of reason. 上帝要毁灭谁时先让他丧失理智。 ·Whom a serpent has bitten fears a lizard. 被蛇咬过的人见了蜥蜴都怕。(一朝被蛇咬,三年怕井绳。)3.6.2.3但在口语中用 who作宾语的现象很多见: ·Who did you like? 你喜欢谁? ·Who are you talking with ? 你正在和谁说话?
3.6.2.4直接跟在介词后面时只能用whom: ·With whom did you come? 你和谁一道来的?
3.6.3 whose, what, which 在句子中的作用: 3.6.3.1作主语 ·What’s your address? 你的地址怎么写? ·Whose is over there? 谁的在那边? ·Which is your view? 哪个是你的观点? 3.6.3.2作宾语 ·Ignorance of the law excuses no one. 不知法不能作为免罪的理由。 ·Which do you like better? 你更喜欢哪一个? ·What do you want? 你要哪个? ·Whose are they going to borrow? 他们打算借谁的? 3.6.3.3作表语 ·Whose is it? 这是谁的? ·Which is which? 哪个是哪个? ·What’s your mother? 你妈妈是干什么的? 3.6.3.4作定语