nationalization 国有化 standardization 标准化 specialization 专门化 1.6.2.2 -al = ation 行动 arrival 到达 refusal 拒绝 dismissal 革职,解散 proposal 建议 disposal 处理 approval 同意,核准 removal 革除
1.6.2.3 -age 经过,动作,状态,费用 breakage 裂口 leakage 渗漏 passage 经过,通道 carriage 运费,运输 postage 邮费 marriage 结婚 shortage 缺乏
1.6.2.4 -ence 表抽象意义 occurrence 发生 excellence 优秀 confidence 信任 dependence 依赖 emergence 出现 prevalence 流行 obedience 服从 preference 偏爱 patience 耐心 presence 出席 1.6.2.5 -or, -er, -ar 行为者 dictator 专制者,暴君 conqueror 征服者 debtor 债务人 elevator 电梯 inspector 检查者 financier 财政家 grocer 杂货商 liar 说谎者 scholar 学者 burglar 偷盗者 1.6.2.6 -ics 或-ic学科,科学 statistics 统计学 arithmetic 算术 logic 伦理学 physic 医学 1.6.2.7 -ian 专业性的人员 magician 魔术师 mechanician 机械师 physician 医生 politician 政客;政治家 1.6.2.8 -ant (-ent) 行为者,从事工作者 occupant 占领者 merchant 商人 inhabitant 居住者
1.6.2.9 -ism 主义,思想,论 nationalism 国家主义 imperialism 帝国主义 communism 共产主义 democratism 民主主义 socialism 社会主义 vitalism 生机论 capitalism 资本主义 totalitarianism 极权主义 racialism 民族主义 mechanism 机械论 1.6.2.10 -ist 倡导或拥护某主义或学术思想、专业者 materialist 唯物论者 mechanist 机械论者 novelist 小说家 linguist 语言学家 vitalist 生机论者
1.6.2.11 -ship 状态,性质;身份,地位;技术,才能
A. 状态,性质 fellowship 交情,同伙关系 acquaintanceship 相识 worship 崇拜 B. 地位,身份 kingship 王位,王权 governorship省(州)长之职位 lordship 贵族之地位 fathership 父道,父职 C. 技术,才能 penmanship 书法 leadership 领导才能 workmanship 手艺,技能 horsemanship 骑术 leadership 领导才能,地位 statesmanship 政治手腕 seamanship 船艺,水手技能
1.6.2.12 -hood 性质,状态;阶级,身份,境遇;团体,?界,?社会 A. 性质,状态; likelihood 可能性 falsehood 假,虚伪 B. 阶级,身份,境遇 sainthood 圣徒的地位 babyhood 婴儿期 girlhood 少女时代 puppyhood 幼犬的状态或时期 knighthood 爵士的身份 C. 团体,?界,?社会 knighthood 骑士 sainthood 圣徒们 neighbourhood 邻居们 sisterhood 姐妹关系
1.6.2.13 -dom 地位,阶级,管辖权,群体,状态,存在的情形 kingdom 王国 officialdom 公务员界,官场 freedom 自由 wisdom 智慧 1.6.2.14 -ry 状况,行业,集合体 husbandry 务农 heraldry 纹章学,纹章之总称 dentistry 牙医术 jewelry 珠宝之总称 gentry 绅士的总称 carpentry 木匠活,木匠业 peasantry 农夫总称;农夫之行业 1.6.2.15 -ite 矿物名词和化学原料 dolomite 白云石 ammonite 鹦鹉螺之化石 dynamite 炸药 1.6.2.16 -itis 炎症 appendicitis 盲肠炎 nephritis 肾脏炎 neuritis 神经炎 hepatitis 肝炎 enteritis 肠炎 gastritis 胃炎 arthritis 关节炎 1.6.2.17 -ful ?的量 armful 一抱的量 basketful 一篮的量 handful 一撮,一把,一捧 mouthful 一口,满口 1.6.2.18 -table(s) 可以??的东西 vegetable 蔬菜 eatable 可以食用的东西
第一章练习
I. 选择填空
1. Britain has the highest _____ of road traffic in the world — over 60 cars for every mile of road. (2002年6月四级题) A) popularity B) density C) intensity D) prosperity
2. The lawyer advised him to drop the _____ since he stands little chance to win. (2002年1月四级题)
A) event B) incident C) case D) affair
3. To our _____, Geoffrey’s illnes proved not to be as serious as we had feared. (2002年6月四级题)
A) anxiety B) relief C) view D) judgement
4. Eye contact is important because wrong contact may create a communication _____. (2002年1月四级题) A) tragedy B) vacuum C) question D) barrier
5. The _____ stuck on the envelope says “by air”. (2002年1月四级题) A) diagram B) label C) signal D) mark
6. Mobile telecommunication’s _____ is expected to double in Shanghai this year as a result of a contract signed between the two companies. (2002年1月四级题) A) capacity B) potential C) possession D) impact
7. According to the American federal government, residents of Hawaii have the longest life _____: 77.2 years. (2001年6月四级题) A) scope B) rank C) span D) scale
8. Only a selected number of landladies in the neighbourhood have been allowed by the university to take in _____. (2001年6月四级题) A) residents B) inhabitants C) lodgers D) settlers
9. He wrote an article criticizing the Greek poet and won _____ and a scholarship. (2001年6月四级题)
A) status B) fame C) faith D) courage
10. Over a third of the population was estimated to have no _____ to the health service. (1998年6月四级题)
A) assessment B) assignment C) exception D) access II. 将括号内的动词变成适当形式填空
11. Mathematics (be) an important subject taught in the middle school. 12. Professor Li with his pupils (keep) on the running exercises every morning. 13. Today’s news (be) quite surprising.
14. A large number of Japanese (visit) China this year. 15. The Selected Plays (be) among Cao Yu’s main works.
16. Not only the students but also Mr. Wang (join) in the basketball match. 17. The police (find) the separated relation of Comrade Zhou’s. 18. I think that physics (be) more difficult than chemistry. 19. The pronunciation of English words (be) not easy. 20. The pair of trousers (be) too long for me. III. 翻译下列句子,注意名词所有格表达的意义。 21. Zhou’s and Li’s bikes are now being repaired. 22. Zhou, Li and Wang’s bikes are now under repair.
23. When Dora and Jack’s father lost his job, their living expenses had to be cut to the bone. 24. Your words carry more weight than anybody else’s.
25. Alfred accepted the invitation without a moment’s hesitation. 26. This article was carried in yesterday’s The People’s Daily. 27. He held the picture at arm’s length.
28. The two accounts of the accident do not agree. 29. There is a picture of Tom on the wall 30. There is a picture of Tom’s on the wall.
第一章练习答案
I. 选择填空
1-5 BCBDB 6-10 ACCBD II. 将括号内的动词变成适当形式填空 11. is 12. keeps 13. is 14. visit 15. are 16. joins 17. find 18. is 19. is 20. is
III. 翻译下列句子,注意名词所有格表达的意义。 21. 周的自行车和李的自行车正在修理。
22. 周、李和王三人共有的那些自行车现在正在修理。
23. 当多拉和杰克的父亲失业后,他们的花费不得不降低到最 低程度。 24. 你的话比其他任何人的话都有分量。
25. 阿尔弗雷德一点儿也没有犹豫就接受了邀请。 26. 这篇文章刊登在昨天的《人民日报》上。 27. 他伸直手臂拿着那幅画。
28. 有关这次事件的两则报道不一致。
29. 墙上有一张汤姆的肖像画(画中人是汤姆,不是别人)。
30. 墙上有一张汤姆的肖像画(为汤姆所有,但画中人不一定是汤姆)。