现在分词与过去分词的用法

现在分词与过去分词的用法

现在分词的七种用法

(一)作定语

1. 动词现在分词单独作定语,通常放在所修饰词前。例如:

The sleeping boy is Tom.

2. 现在分词短语作定语放在所修饰词的后面,意思同定语从句差不多。例如 :

Tell the children playing outside not to make too much noise. = Tell the children who are playing outside not to make too much noise.

3. 现在分词可相当于非限制性定语,常用逗号分开。例如:

Tom, wearing beautiful clothes, followed me down the hill. = Tom, who is wearing beautiful clothes, followed me down the hill.

现在分词与过去分词的用法

4. 有时现在分词可以和副词或名词构成复合词作定语。例如:

This is an English-speaking country.

(二)作表语

现在分词作表语多表示主语的特征。如amusing, discouraging, puzzling, refreshing, astonishing, exciting 等。例如:

The story is moving.

(三)现在分词在句中作宾语补足语,这时现在分词和前面的宾语有逻辑上的“主表”关系或“主谓”关系。例如:

We all found his equipment interesting. (主表关系)

I saw Mary going upstairs then. (主谓关系)

(四)作状语

现在分词与过去分词的用法

现在分词作状语,其逻辑主语一般是句中的主语,如果不是,需在V-ing 形式前加名词或代词主格作逻辑主语。

1. 作原因状语,相当于原因状语从句。例如:

Being ill, Mary didn't come to school yesterday.

2. 作时间状语,相当于时间状语从句。例如:

Seeing their teacher coming, the students stopped talking.

如果现在分词表示的动作与谓语表示的动作同时发生,常在现在分词前加上when或while。例如:

While waiting for the plane, I had a long talk with Simon.

3. 作条件状语。

V-ing 形式作条件状语时,相当于一个条件状语从句。例如:

现在分词与过去分词的用法

Working harder, you'll be No. 1 in your class.

4. 作让步状语,相当于让步状语从句。例如:

Weighing almost two hundred jin, the stone was moved by him alone.

5. 作结果状语。例如:

He died, leaving nothing but debts.

6. 作伴随状语或方式状语。例如:

He sat by the roadside, begging.

(五)现在分词的完成式表示它发生在主句谓语动词表示的动作之前。例如 :

Having finished his homework, he left the classroom.

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