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16. ·Ö±ðÇóËãm = 1 mol/kgʱµÄKNO3¡¢K2SO4ºÍK4Fe(CN)6ÈÜÒºµÄÀë×ÓÇ¿¶È¡£ ½â£ºKNO3£ºI?112mz?(1?1?1?1)mol?kg?1?1 mol?kg?1 ?ii2212?1?1K2SO4£ºI?(2?1?1?2)mol?kg?3 mol?kg

212?1?1K4Fe(CN)6£ºI?(4?1?1?4)mol?kg?10 mol?kg

217. Ó¦Óõ°Ý-Ðݿ˶û¼«ÏÞ¹«Ê½£¬(1) ¼ÆËã298 Kʱ0.002 mol/kg CaCl2ºÍ0.002 mol/kg ZnSO4»ìºÏÈÜÒºÖÐZn2+µÄ»î¶ÈϵÊý£» (2) ¼ÆËã298 Kʱ0.001 mol/kg K3Fe(CN)6µÄÀë×Óƽ¾ù»î¶ÈϵÊý¡£ ½â£º(1) I?1mizi2?0.014 mol?kg?1 ?2?12 A?1.172 mol?kg

12 ln?(Zn2?)??Az2I??1.172?40.014??0.5547

2? ?(Zn)?0.574

(2) I?1mizi2?0.006 mol?kg?1 ?2 ln????Az?z?I??0.2723 ???0.762

18. 298 Kʱ£¬AgBrO3µÄ»î¶È»ýΪ5.77¡Á10-5£¬ÊÔÓü«ÏÞ¹«Ê½¼ÆËãAgBrO3ÔÚ(1) ´¿Ë®ÖУ»(2) 0.01

mol/kg KBrO3ÖеÄÈܽâ¶È¡£ ½â£º(1) AgBrO3???Ag??BrO3

Ksp?a(Ag)?a(BrO3)?a??5.77?10

?3 a??7.596?10

?2?5Òª¼ÆËãAgBrO3ÔÚË®ÖеÄÈܽâ¶È£¬ÐëÏȼÆËãAgBrO3ÔÚË®ÖеÄƽ¾ù»î¶ÈϵÊý??¡£ÔÚ¼ÆËãÀë×ÓÇ¿¶Èʱ£¬¼ÙÉè???m?£º I?1mizi2?7.596?10?3mol?kg?1 ?2¸ù¾ÝµÂ°Ý-Ðݿ˶û¼«ÏÞ¹«Ê½£ºln????1.1727.596?10 ???0.903 m??m??3??0.102

a?m??7.596?10?3?()mol?kg?1?8.41?10?3mol?kg?1

0.903Èܽâ¶È£º c?mc?8.41?10?3mol?kg?1?2g?dm?3 m(2) ÔÚ0.01 mol/kg KBrO3ÈÜÒºÖеÄ??²»Í¬ÓÚÔÚ´¿Ë®ÖеÄ??£¬ÐëÖØмÆËã¡£ÏȼÙÉè

???1£¬Çó³öm(Ag?)£¬È»ºóÇó³öI£¬ÔÙͨ¹ýµÂ°Ý¼«ÏÞ¹«Ê½¼ÆËãÇó³ö??£¬×îºóÇó³ö¾«È·µÄ

m(Ag?)¡£

m(Ag?)0.01?m(Ag?) ??Ksp?5.77?10?5

mm??3?1 ½âµÃ£ºm(Ag)?4.094?10mol?kg

I?11mizi2?(0.01?1?0.01409?1?0.00409?1) mol?kg?1?0.0141 mol?kg?1 ?22

???exp(?1.1720.0141)?0.870

m(Ag?)0.01?m(Ag?)Ksp5.77?10?5 ??2??7.62?10?5 2mm??0.870m(Ag?)2m(Ag?)Ôò ()?0.01??7.62?10?5?0

mmm(Ag?)c½âµÃ£º c??5.06?10?3mol?kg?1?1.2g?dm?3

mÑϸñ˵À´£¬µÂ°Ý-Ðݿ˶û¼«ÏÞ¹«Ê½Ö»ÊÊÓÃÓÚÀë×ÓÇ¿¶ÈСÓÚ0.01µÄÏ¡ÈÜÒº£¬(2)ÖÐÈÜÒºµÄÀë×ÓÇ¿¶ÈÒѾ­³¬¹ý·¶Î§£¬Òò´Ë£¬ÇóµÃµÄ??Ö»ÄÜÊǽüËÆÖµ¡£±¾Ìâ½á¹û˵Ã÷ÁËÀë×ÓÇ¿¶È¶Ô΢ÈÜÑεÄÓ°Ïì¡£

19. 298 KʱAgClµÄÈܶȻýKsp = 1.71¡Á10-10£¬ÊÔÇóÔÚ±¥ºÍË®ÈÜÒºÖУ¬AgClµÄÀë×Óƽ¾ù»î¶È¼°Àë×Óƽ¾ù»î¶ÈϵÊý¸÷Ϊ¶àÉÙ¡£ ½â£º Ksp?(c2) c?5?3 c?1.31?10mol?dm

ln????1.1721.31?10 ???0.996 a?????5??4.242

m??0.996?1.31?10?5?1.30?10?5 m20. ÊÔд³öÏÂÁе缫·Ö±ð×÷Ϊµç³ØÕý¼«ºÍ¸º¼«Ê±µÄµç¼«·´Ó¦£º

(1) Cu(s)/Cu2+ (2) (Pt)I2(s)/I- (3) Hg-Hg2Cl2(s)/Cl- (4) Ag-Ag2O(s)/H2O, OH- (5) Sb-Sb2O3(s)/H2O, H+

2-3+2-+ (6) Ba-BaSO4(s)/SO4 (7) (Pt)/Cr, Cr2O7, H

(8) Na(Hgx)/Na+ (9) (Pt)O2(g)/H+ (10) (Pt)H2(g)/OH- ½â£º(1) Õý¼«£ºCu2??2e??Cu(s) ¸º¼«£ºCu(s)?Cu2??2e?

???? (2) Õý¼«£ºI2(s)?2e?2I ¸º¼«£º2I?I2(s)?2e ?? (3) Õý¼«£º Hg2Cl2(s)?2e?2Hg?2Cl ?? ¸º¼«£º 2Hg?2Cl?Hg2Cl2(s)?2e

?? (4) Õý¼«£º Ag2O(s)?2e?H2O(l)?2Ag(s)?2OH ?? ¸º¼«£º 2Ag(s)?2OH?Ag2O(s)?2e?H2O(l) +? (5) Õý¼«£º Sb2O3(s)?6H?6e?2Sb(s)?3H2O(l) +? ¸º¼«£º 2Sb(s)?3H2O(l)?Sb2O3(s)?6H?6e

?2?2?? (6) Õý¼«£º BaSO4?2e?Ba?SO4 ¸º¼«£ºBa?SO4?BaSO4?2e 2?+?3+ (7) Õý¼«£º Cr2O7?14H?8e?2Cr?7H2O(l) 3+2?+? ¸º¼«£º 2Cr?7H2O(l)?Cr2O7?14H?8e

+?+? (8) Õý¼«£º Na?e?xHg?Na(Hgx) ¸º¼«£ºNa(Hgx)?Na?e?xHg +?+? (9) Õý¼«£º O2(g)?4H?4e?2H2O(l) ¸º¼«£º2H2O(l)?O2(g)?4H?4e

??(10) Õý¼«£º 2H2O(l)?4e?H2(g)?2OH

??¸º¼«£ºH2(g)?2OH?2H2O(l)?4e

21. д³öÏÂÁеç³ØËù¶ÔÓ¦µÄ»¯Ñ§·´Ó¦

£¨1£© (Pt)H2(g)|HCl(m)|Cl2(g)(Pt) £¨2£© Ag-AgCl(s)|CuCl2(m)|Cu(s)

£¨3£© Cd(s)|Cd2+(m1)||HCl(m2)|H2(g)|(Pt) £¨4£© Cd(s)|CdI2(m1)|AgI(s)-Ag(s)

£¨5£© Pb-PbSO4(s)|K2SO4(m1)||KCl(m2)|PbCl2(s)-Pb(s) £¨6£© Ag-AgCl(s)|KCl(m)|Hg2Cl2(s)-Hg(l) £¨7£© Pt(s)|Fe3+,Fe2+||Hg22+|Hg(l)

£¨8£© Hg(l)-Hg2Cl2(s)|KCl(m1)||HCl(m2)|Cl2(g)(Pt) £¨9£© Sn(s)|SnSO4(m1)||H2SO4(m2)|H2(g)(Pt) £¨10£© (Pt)H2(g)|NaOH(m)|HgO(s)-Hg(l)

½â£º(1) H2(g)?Cl2(g)?2HCl(m)

(2) 2Ag(s)?CuCl2(m)?Cu(s)?2AgCl(s) (3) Cd(s)?2H?(m2)?Cd2?(m1)?H2(g)

(4) Cd(s)?2AgI(s)?CdI2(m1)?2Ag(s)

??(5) SO2(m)?PbCl(s)?PbSO?2Cl(m2) 4124(6) 2Ag(s)?Hg2Cl2(s)?2AgCl(s)?2Hg(l)

3+(7) 2Fe2+?Hg2+?2Hg(l) 2?2Fe(8) 2Hg(l)?Cl2(g)?2Cl?(m1)?2Cl?(m2)?Hg2Cl2(s)

?2?2?+(9) Sn(s)?SO24(m1)?H2(g)?SO4(m2)?Sn(m1)?2H(m2)

(10) H2(g)?HgO(s)?Hg(l)?H2O(l)

22. ÊÔ½«ÏÂÁл¯Ñ§·´Ó¦Éè¼Æ³Éµç³Ø£º

(1) Zn(s) + H2SO4(aq) ¡ú ZnSO4(aq) + H2(g) (2) Pb(s) + 2HCl(aq) ¡ú PbCl2 + H2(g) (3) H2(g) + I2(g) ¡ú 2HI(aq) (4) Fe2+ + Ag+ ¡ú Fe3+ + Ag(s)

(5) Pb(s) + HgSO4(s) ¡ú PbSO4(s) + 2Hg(l) (6) AgCl(s) + I- ¡ú AgI(s) + Cl-

(7) 1/2H2(g) + AgCl(s) ¡ú Ag(s) + HCl(aq) (8) Ag+ + I- ¡ú AgI(s)

(9) 2Br- + Cl2(g) ¡ú Br2(l) + 2Cl-

(10) Ni(s) + H2O(l) ¡ú NiO(s) + H2(g)

½â£º(1) Zn(s)ZnSO4(aq)H2SO4(aq)H2(g,Pt)

(2) Pb-PbCl2(s)HCl(aq)H2(g,Pt) (3) (Pt)H2HI(aq)I2(s,Pt) (4) PtFe,Fe3+AgAg(s)

2++(5) Pb-PbSO4(s)H2SO4(m)Hg2SO4-Hg(l) (6) Ag-AgI(s)I?ClAgCl-Ag(s)

?(7) (Pt)H2(g)HCl(aq)AgCl-Ag(s) (8) Ag-AgI(s)IAgAg(s) (9) (Pt)Br2(l)BrClCl2(g,Pt)

(10) Ni-NiO(s)OH?H2(g,Pt)

????23. µç³ØZn(s)|ZnCl2(0.05 mol/kg)|AgCl(s)-Ag(s)µÄµç¶¯ÊÆE = {1.015-4.92¡Á10-4 (T/K-298)} V¡£ÊÔ¼ÆËãÔÚ298 Kʱ£¬µ±µç³ØÓÐ2 molµç×ӵĵçÁ¿Êä³öʱ£¬µç³Ø·´Ó¦¦¤rGm£¬¦¤rSm£¬¦¤rHm¼°¿ÉÄæ·ÅµçʱµÄÈÈЧӦQr¡£

½â£ºÒòΪÒÑÖ¸¶¨µç³ØÓÐ2 molµç×ӵĵçºÉÁ¿Êä³öʱµÄÈÈÁ¦Ñ§º¯Êý±ä»¯Öµ£¬ÈçûÓÐÖ¸¶¨£¬Ò»¶¨ÒªÐ´³öµç³Ø·´Ó¦£¬¼ÆËãµç³Ø·´Ó¦¶ÔÓ¦µÄ¡¢µ±·´Ó¦½ø¶ÈΪ1 molʱµÄÈÈÁ¦Ñ§º¯ÊýµÄ±ä»¯Öµ¡£ÔÚ298 Kʱ£¬µç³ØµÄµç¶¯ÊƺÍËüµÄζÈϵÊýΪ

E/V?1.015?4.92?10?4(298?298)?1.015

??E??4?1????4.92?10 V?K ??T?p?rGm??zEF?(?2?1.015 ?96500) kJ?mol?1??195.90 kJ?mol?1

??E??4?1?1?rSm?zF???[2?96500 ?(?4.92?10 )] J?mol?K ??T?p ??94.96 J?mol?1?K?1?rHm??rGm?T?rSm ?[?195.90 ?298 ?(?94.96 )] kJ?mol??224.20 kJ?molQr?T?rSm?[298 ?(?94.96 )] kJ?mol?1??28.30 kJ?mol?1

24. 298 KʱÏÂÊöµç³ØµÄEΪ1.228 V£¬

Pt, H2(p)|H2SO4(0.01 mol/kg)|O2(p), Pt

?1?1

ÒÑÖªH2O(l)µÄÉú³ÉÈȦ¤rHm Ϊ-286.1 kJ/mol¡£ÊÔÇó£º

(1) ¸Ãµç³ØµÄζÈϵÊý£»

(2) ¸Ãµç³ØÔÚ273 KʱµÄµç¶¯ÊÆ¡£ÔÚ273~298 KÖ®¼ä£¬H2O(l)µÄÉú³Éìʲ»Ëæζȶø¸Ä±ä£¬µç¶¯ÊÆËæζȵı仯ÂÊΪ¾ùÔȵġ£ ½â£ºÊ×ÏÈд³öµç³ØµÄ·´Ó¦£º

¸º¼«£ºH2(pH2)?2H?(aH?)?2e?

1O2(pO2)?2H?(aH?)?2e-?H2O(l) 21¾»·´Ó¦£ºH2(pH2)?O2(pO2)?H2O(l)

2Õý¼«£º

ÈçÔÚ±ê׼ѹÁ¦Ï£¬Õâ¸öµç³Ø·´Ó¦µÄĦ¶ûìʱä¾ÍµÈÓÚH2O(l)µÄ±ê׼Ħ¶ûÉú³ÉìÊ¡£ (1) ÒÑÖª£º

?rHm??rGm?T?rSm??zEF?zFT(?E)p ?T(?H?E1E)p?(?rHm?zEF)?rm??TzFTzFTT?286.1?10001.228 ?(?) V?K-1

2?96500?298298 ?-8.54?10-4 V?K-1(2) µç¶¯ÊÆÓëζȵĹØϵʵ¼Ê¾ÍÊÇGibbs×ÔÓÉÄÜÓëζȵĹØϵ£¬¸ù¾ÝGibbs-Helmholz ¹«Ê½£º

?G)?HT[]p??r2m, ?G??nEF

?TTE?()?H?nF[T]p??r2m

?TT?(»ý·ÖµÃ£º

E2T2E1 T1 T21?E?d????rHm?dT

T1T2T??nF??EE??11?nF?2?1???rHm??? ?T2T1??T1T2?1.228 ?1??E?12?96500 ??2???285.83 ???? ?273 298 298 273 ????½âµÃ E2?1.249 V

25. ÔÚ298 Kʱ£¬µç³ØZn|Zn2+(a = 0.0004)||Cd2+(a = 0.2)|CdµÄ±ê×¼µç¶¯ÊÆE= 0.360 V£¬ÊÔд³ö¸Ãµç³ØµÄµç¼«·´Ó¦ºÍµç³Ø·´Ó¦£¬²¢¼ÆËãÆäµç¶¯ÊÆEÖµ¡£

½â£º¸º¼« Zn(s) - 2e-¡ú Zn2+ Õý¼« Cd2+ + 2e- ¡ú Cd(s)

µç³Ø·´Ó¦£º Zn(s) + Cd2+ = Zn2+ + Cd(s)

RTa(Zn2?)E?E?ln?0.440 V 2?2Fa(Cd)26. ÔÚ298 Kʱ£¬ÒÑÖªAgClµÄ±ê׼Ħ¶ûÉú³ÉìÊÊÇ-127.04kJ?mol£¬Ag¡¢AgClºÍCl2(g)µÄ±ê׼Ħ¶ûìØ·Ö±ðÊÇ42.702¡¢96.11ºÍ222.95 J?K?mol¡£ÊÔ¼ÆËã298 Kʱ¶ÔÓÚµç³Ø

?1?1-1(Pt)Cl2(p)HCl(0.1 mol?dm-3)AgCl(s)-Ag

(1) µç³ØµÄµç¶¯ÊÆ£»

(2) µç³Ø¿ÉÄæ·ÅµçʱµÄÈÈЧӦ£» (3) µç³Øµç¶¯ÊƵÄζÈϵÊý¡£ ½â£ºµç³Ø·´Ó¦£ºAgCl(s) = Ag(s) +

1Cl2(g) 2?1 ?rHm???fHm(AgCl)?127.04 kJ?mol

?rSm?1Sm(Cl2)?Sm(Ag)?Sm(AgCl)?58.067 J?K?1?mol?1 2?rGm??rHm?T?rSm?109.74 kJ?mol?1

(1) E?E???rGm??1.137 V (n = 1) F(2) Qr?T?rSm?(298?58.067) J?17304 J (3) (?S?E)p?rm?6.02?10?4 V?K?1 ?TF27. ÔÚ±ê׼ѹÁ¦Ï£¬°×ÎýºÍ»ÒÎýÔÚ291 Kʱ´ï³Éƽºâ£¬ÓÉ°×ÎýÖ±½Óת»¯Îª»ÒÎýµÄÈÈЧӦÊÇ-2.01kJ?mol£¬ÊÔ¼ÆËãµç³Ø£º Sn(°×)SnCl2(m)Sn(»Ò) ÔÚ273 K ºÍ298 KʱµÄµç¶¯ÊÆ¡£

½â£º¸º¼«·´Ó¦£ºSn(°×Îý) - 2e- ¡ú Sn2+

Õý¼«·´Ó¦£ºSn2+ + 2e- ¡ú Sn(»ÒÎý) µç³Ø·´Ó¦£ºSn(°×Îý) = Sn(»ÒÎý)

½â·¨Ò» 291 KʱµÄ°×ÎýºÍ»ÒÎý´ï³Éƽºâ£¬¼´?rGm(291 K)?0£¬Òò´Ë

-1E(291 K)???rGm(291 K)?0

nFÓÉ°×ÎýÖ±½Óת»¯Îª»ÒÎýµÄÈÈЧӦ¼´Îª?rHm£¨¶¨Î¶¨Ñ¹£¬Ö»×öÌå»ý¹¦£©£¬ËùÒÔ£º

?rHm?2.01?103?rSm?? J?K?1?mol?1??6.91 J?K?1?mol?1

T291Éè·´Ó¦µÄ?rHmΪ³£Êý£¬Ôò?rSmÒàΪ³£Êý¡£

?rGm(T)??rHm?T?rSm ?rGm(273 K)??123.6 J?K?1?mol?1 ?rGm(298 K)?49.18 J?K?1?mol?1

?G(273 K)123.6? V?6.4?10-4 V

nF2?96500?G(298 K)?49.18E(298 K)??? V?-2.5?10-4 V

nF2?96500E(273 K)??298 Kʱµç¶¯ÊÆΪ¸ºÖµ±íʾʵ¼Êµç³ØµÄÕý¡¢¸º¼«ÓëÌâ¸øµç³ØµÄÕýºÃÏà·´£¬¼´298 Kʱ£¬

°×Îý±È»ÒÎý¸üÎȶ¨¡£

?(?rG/T)?H?H?(E/T)£¬]p??r2m¸Äд³É[]p?rm2TT?TnFT?HTÈ»ºó»ý·Ö¡£ÒòE(291 K)?0 V£¬ËùÒÔE(T)?rm(?1)£¬´úÈëT¼´¿É¡£

nF291 K½â·¨¶þ£ºÉè?rHmΪ³£Êý£¬½«¹«Ê½[½â·¨Èý£º½«´Ó½â·¨Ò»ÖÐÇóµÃµÄ?rSmÉèΪ³£Êý¡£

?S?E)p?rm??3.58?10?5 V?K?1 ?TnF E2 T1?E ?dE??()dT (291 KʱE?0)

E1 T2?T (E(T)??3.58?10?5?(T?291)£¬ ´úÈëT¼´¿É¡£

28. ÔÚ298 K¸½½ü£¬µç³Ø

Hg?Hg2Br2Br?AgBr(s)?Ag

µÄµç¶¯ÊÆÓëζȵĹØϵΪ£ºE???68.04?0.312?(T?298)?mV£¬ÊÔд³öͨµçÁ¿2F£¬µç³Ø·´Ó¦µÄ¦¤rGm£¬¦¤rHmºÍ¦¤rSm¡£

£¨½â£º

?E-4?1£©??3.12?10 V?K E(298 K)??0.06804 V p?Tµç³Ø·´Ó¦£º2Hg(l)?2AgBr(s)?Hg2Br2?2Ag(s) (n?2) ¹Ê

?rGm??2FE?1.313?104J?mol?1

?rSm?2F(?E)p??60.22 J?K?mol?1 ?T?rHm??rGm?T?rSm??4.82?103J?mol?1

29. ÔÚ273~318 K·¶Î§ÄÚ£¬ÏÂÊöµç³ØµÄµç¶¯ÊÆÓëζȵĹØϵ¿ÉÓÉËùÁй«Ê½±íʾ£º

(1) Cu?Cu2O(s)NaOH(aq)HgO(s)?Hg(l)

2?E??461.7?0.144(T?298)?0.00014(T?298)??mV

(2) (Pt)H2(p)NaOH(aq)HgO(s)?Hg(l)

2?E??925.65?0.294(T?298)?0.00049(T?298)??mV

?1?1ÒÑÖªH2O(l)µÄ?fHm??285.85 kJ?mol£¬?fGm??237.19 kJ?mol£¬ÊÔ·Ö±ð¼ÆËã

HgOºÍCu2OÔÚ298 KʱµÄ?fHmºÍ?fGmÖµ¡£

½â£ºÊ×ÏÈӦд³öµç³ØµÄµç¼«·´Ó¦ºÍµç³Ø·´Ó¦£¬¸ù¾Ýµç¶¯ÊÆÓëζȵĹØϵʽ¼ÆËã298 KʱµÄµç¶¯ÊÆÖµ¼°ÏàÓ¦µÄÈÈÁ¦Ñ§º¯ÊýµÄ±ä»¯¡£ÔÙÓëÒÑÖªµÄË®µÄÉú³É·´Ó¦µÄÈÈÁ¦Ñ§Êý¾ÝÓÃHess¶¨ÂÉÕÒ³öHgO(s)ºÍCu2O(s)µÄÉú³É·´Ó¦µÄ?fGmºÍ?fHmµÄÖµ¡£¶Ôµç³Ø(1)£º

¸º¼« 2Cu(s)?2OH(aOH?)?Cu2O(s)?H2O(l)?2e Õý¼« HgO(s)?H2O(l)?2e?Hg(l)?2OH(aOH?) ¾»·´Ó¦ 2Cu(s)?HgO(s)?Cu2O(s)?Hg(l) (a) Ea(298 K)?Ea(298 K)?0.4617 V

?????rGm(a)??nEaF?(?2?0.4617?96500) kJ?mol?1??89.11 kJ?mol?1

?rSm(a)?nF(

?Ea)p?[2?96500?(?0.144?10?3)] J?mol?1?K?1??27.79 J?mol?1?K?1?T?rHm(a)??rGm(a)?T?rSm(a) ?[?89.11?298?(-27.79)] kJ?mol??97.39 kJ?mol¶Ôµç³Ø(2)£º¸º¼« H2(p)?2OH(aOH?)?2H2O(l)?2e

Õý¼« HgO(s)?H2O(l)?2e?Hg(l)?2OH(aOH?) ¾»·´Ó¦£º H2(p)?HgO(s)?Hg(l)?2H2O(l) (b)

?????1?1

Eb(298 K)?Eb(298 K)?0.9257 V

?rGm(b)??nEbF?(?2?0.9257?96500) kJ?mol?1??178.66 kJ?mol?1

?rSm(b)?nF(

?Eb)p?[2?96500?(?2.948?10?4)] J?mol?1?K?1??56.90 J?mol?1?K?1?T?rHm(b)?[?178.66?298?(-56.90)] kJ?mol?1?-195.62 kJ?mol?1

ÒÑÖª H2(p)?1O2(p)?H2O(l,p) (c) 2?rGm(c)??fGm(H2O, l)??237.13 kJ?mol?1 ?rHm(c)??fHm(H2O, l)??285.83 kJ?mol?1

(c) ¨C (b)µÃ Hg(l) +1O2(p)?HgO(s) (d) 2?1?1?fGm(HgO, s)??rGm(d)??rGm(c)??rGm(b) ?[?237.13?(?178.66)] kJ?mol??58.47 kJ?mol?fHm(HgO, s)??rHm(c)??rHm(b) ?[?285.83?(?195.62)] kJ?mol??90.21 kJ?mol1(a)?(d)µÃ 2Cu(s)O2(p)?Cu2O(s) (e)

2?1?1

?fGm(Cu2O, s)??rGm(e)??rGm(a)??rGm(d) ?(?89.11?58.47) kJ?mol??147.58 kJ?mol?fHm(Cu2O, s)??rHm(a)??rHm(d) ?(?97.39?90.21) kJ?mol??187.60 kJ?mol?1?1?1

?1

?5?130. ÇóËã298 Kʱ£¬Ag-AgClµç¼«ÔÚAgClÈÜÒºÖÐ(m1?10mol?kg)¼°ÔÚNaClÈÜÒºÖÐ

m2?0.01 mol?kg?1£¬???0.889£¬µç¼«µçÊÆÖ®²îΪ¶àÉÙ£¿

½â£º¸ù¾Ý

?(AgCl/Ag)??(AgCl/Ag)?RTlna(Cl?) FRTa2(Cl?)RT0.01?0.889 ????1??2?ln?ln?0.175 V ??5Fa1(Cl)F10?131. ·Ö±ðд³öÏÂÁеç³ØµÄµç¼«·´Ó¦¡¢µç³Ø·´Ó¦ºÍµç¶¯ÊÆEµÄ±í´ïʽ¡£[Éèµç³Ø¿ÉÄæµÄÊä³ö 1

¦Èmol µç×ӵĵçÁ¿£¬ai?mi/m£¬»î¶ÈϵÊýΪ1£¬ÆøÌåΪÀíÏëÆøÌ壬a(g)?p/p]

(1) (Pt)H2(g,p)KOH(0.1 mol?kg)O2(g,p)(Pt) (2) (Pt)H2(g,p)H2SO4(0.01 mol?kg)O2(g,p)(Pt) (3) Ag(s)?AgI(s)I(aI?)Ag(aAg?)Ag(s)

???1?1(4) PtSn4+(aSn4?),Sn2?(aSn2?)Tl3?(aTl3?),Tl?(aTl?)Pt (5) Hg(l)?HgO(s)KOH(0.5 mol?kg?1)K(Hg)(am?1) ½â£º(1) ¸º¼« H2(pH2)?2OH?(aOH?)?2H2O(l)?2e?

1Õý¼« O2(pO2)?H2O(l)?2e??2OH?(aOH?)

21¾»·´Ó¦ O2(pO2)?H2(pH2)?H2O(l)

2E?E?RTRT1vBln?aB?E?ln

ppnF2FOHa(2)1/2?2pp222E??OH?,HOO??OH?H?[0.401?(?0.828)] V?1.229 V

(2) ¸º¼« H2(pH2)?2H(aH?)?2e

??1Õý¼« O2(pO2)?2H?(aH?)?2e??H2O(l)

21¾»·´Ó¦ O2(pO2)?H2(pH2)?H2O(l)

2E?E?RT1ln

pO21/2pH22F()?pp222E??H?,HOO??H?H?(1.229?0) V?1.229 V

(3) ¸º¼« Ag(s)?I(aI?)?AgI(s)?e

??Õý¼« Ag+(aAg+)?e?? Ag(s) ¾»·´Ó¦ Ag+(aAg+)?I?(aI?)?AgI(s)

E?E?RT1 lnFaAg+?aI?E??Ag+Ag??I?AgIAg?[0.7991?(?0.152)] V?0.9511 V

(4) ¸º¼« Sn(aSn2?)? Sn(aSn4?)?2e

2?4??Õý¼« Tl3+(aTl3+)?2e??Tl+(aTl+)

¾»·´Ó¦ Sn2?(aSn2?)? Tl3+(aTl3+)?Sn4?(aSn4?)+Tl+(aTl+)

E?E?RTaSn4??aTl+ ln2FaSn2??aTl3+E??Tl3+Tl+??Sn4?Sn2??(1.25?0.15) V?1.10 V

(5) ¸º¼« 111Hg(l)?OH?(aOH?)?HgO(s)?H2O(l)?e? 222Õý¼« K+(aK+)?nHg(l)?e??K(Hgn)(am)

11¾»·´Ó¦ nHg(l)?K+(aK+)?OH?(aOH?)?HgO(s)?H2O(l)?K(Hgn)(am)

22E?E?amRTln E??K+K(Hg)??OH?HgOHg Fa OH??aK+´ËÌâÖÐHg(l)×÷ΪÐγɼع¯ÆëµÄÈܼÁ£¬ÆäÓÃÁ¿²»ÊǶ¨Öµ£¬ÊӼع¯ÆëµÄŨ¶È¶ø¶¨¡£ 32. ÁÐʽ±íʾÏÂÁÐÁ½ÖÖ±ê×¼µç¼«µçÊÆ?Ö®¼äµÄ¹Øϵ

(1) Fe3+ + 3e- ¡ú Fe(s) £¬ Fe2+ + 2e- ¡ú Fe(s) £¬ Fe3+ + e- ¡ú Fe2+

(2) Sn4+ + 4e- ¡ú Sn(s) £¬ Sn2+ + 2e- ¡ú Sn(s) £¬ Sn4+ + 2e- ¡ú Sn2+

½â£ºµç³Ø·´Ó¦»òµç¼«·´Ó¦Ïà¼Ó¼õ£¬¸ù¾ÝHess¶¨ÂÉ£¬Æä¶ÔÓ¦µÄGibbs×ÔÓÉÄܵı仯ֵҲÊÇÏà¼Ó¼õµÄ¹Øϵ£¬µ«Êǵ綯ÊÆ»òµç¼«µçÊÆÊǵç³Ø×ÔÉíµÄÐÔÖÊ£¬²»ÊǼòµ¥µÄÏà¼Ó¼õµÄ¹Øϵ£¬Òª´ÓGibbs×ÔÓÉÄܵı仯ֵµÄ¹ØϵÇóµÃ¡£

3?? (1) (a) Fe?3e?Fe(s), ?rGm(a)??3?aF

(b) Fe2??2e??Fe(s), ?rGm(b)??2?bF (c) Fe3??e??Fe2+, ?rGm(c)???cF

ÒòΪ (c)?(a) -(b), ËùÒÔ ?rGm(c)??rGm(a)??rGm(b), ??cF??3?aF?(?2?bF), ?c?3?a?2?b ¼´?Fe3?Fe2??3?Fe3?Fe?2?Fe2?Fe4??(2) (a) Sn?4e?Sn(s), ?rGm(a)??4?aF

(b) Sn2??2e??Sn(s), ?rGm(b)??2?bF (c) Sn4??2e??Sn2+, ?rGm(c)??2?cF

ÒòΪ (c)?(a)?(b),ËùÒÔ ?rGm(c)??rGm(a)??rGm(b), ?2?cF??4?aF?(?2?bF), ?c?2?a??b ¼´?Sn4?Sn2+?2?Sn4?Sn??Sn2+Sn33. ijµç¼«µÄµç¼«·´Ó¦Îª

?? H2O2?2H?2e?2H2O

ÊÔÇóËã298 Kʱ¸Ãµç¼«µÄ±ê×¼µç¼«µçÊÆ?¡£ÒÑ֪ˮµÄÀë×Ó»ý

Kw? a(H+)?a(OH-)?10-14£¬µç¼«·´Ó¦Îª O2 + 2H+ + 2e- ¡ú H2O2µÄµç¼«ºÍÑõµç¼«µÄ±ê×¼

µç¼«µçÊÆ·Ö±ðΪ0.680ºÍ0.401¡£

½â£ºµç¼«µçÊƲ»ÊÇÈÝÁ¿ÐÔÖÊ£¬²»Ïñ?HºÍ?GÄÇÑù¾ßÓмòµ¥µÄ¼ÓºÍÐÔ¡£µ«µç¼«µçÊƺÍÏàÓ¦µç¼«·´Ó¦µÄ?GÓж¨Á¿¹Øϵ£¬Òò´Ë¿ÉÒÔͨ¹ýµç¼«·´Ó¦?GµÄ¼ÓºÍÀ´Çóµç¼«µçÊÆ¡£

(1) O2+2H++2e-?H2O2 ?G(1)??2F?(1)??2F?(0.680) (2) O2+2H2O?4e??4OH? ?G(2)??4F?(2)??4F?(0.401) (3) H++OH??H2O ?G(3)?RTlnKw (4) H2O2+2H++2e-?2H2O ?G(4)??2F?(4)

(4)?(2)?4?(3)?(1)

?G(4)??G(2)?4??G(3)??G(1)?2F?(4)??4F?(2)?4RTlnKw?2F?(1)

?(4)?2?(2)?RTlnKw??(1) F ?(2?0.401?0.0257?2?ln10?14?0.680) V?1.778 V34. д³öÏÂÁÐŨ²îµç³ØµÄµç³Ø·´Ó¦£¬²¢¼ÆËãÔÚ298 KʱµÄµç¶¯ÊÆ¡£

(1) (Pt)H2(2?p)H?(aH??1)H2(p)(Pt)

'(2) (Pt)H2(p)H?(aH??0.01)H?(aH??0.1)H2(p)(Pt)

(3) (Pt)Cl2(p)Cl?(aCl??1)Cl2(2?p)(Pt)

'(4) (Pt)Cl2(p)Cl?(aCl??0.1)Cl?(aCl??0.01)Cl2(p)(Pt)

(5) Zn(s)Zn2?'(aZn2??0.004)Zn2?(aZn2+?0.02)Zn(s)

2-2?(6) Pb(s)?PbSO4(s)SO4(a?0.01)SO4(a'?0.001)PbSO4(s)?Pb(s) ½â£ºÅ¨²îµç³ØµÄÕý©p¸º¼«²»Ïàͬ£¬ËùÒÔµç³ØµÄ±ê×¼µç¶¯ÊƲ»ÎªÁã¡£

(1) ¸º¼« H2(200 kPa)?2H(aH?)?2e

+?Õý¼« 2H+(aH?)?2e??H2(100 kPa)

¾»·´Ó¦ H2(200 kPa)?H2(100 kPa)

E1?E?(2) ¸º¼« RTRT100 kPa/pvBln?aB??ln?0.0089 V nF2F200 kPa/pB1H2(p)?H+(aH?,1?0.01)?e? 21Õý¼« H+(aH?,2?0.1)?e??H2(p)

2¾»·´Ó¦ H+(aH?,2?0.1)?H+(aH?,1?0.01)

RT0.01ln?0.0591 V F0.11??(3) ¸º¼« Cl(aCl?)?Cl2(100 kPa)?e

21Õý¼« Cl2(200 kPa)?e??Cl?(aCl?)

211¾»·´Ó¦ Cl2(200 kPa)?Cl2(100 kPa)22 1RT100E3??ln?0.0089 V

2F2001?? (4) ¸º¼« Cl(aCl?,1?0.1)?Cl2(p)?e

21Õý¼« Cl2(p)?e??Cl?(aCl?,2?0.01)

2E2??¾»·´Ó¦ Cl?(aCl?,1?0.1)?Cl?(aCl?,2?0.01)E4??RT0.01ln?0.0591 V F0.1

(5) ¸º¼« Zn(s)?Zn2?(aZn2?,1?0.004)?2e?

Õý¼« Zn2?(aZn2?,2?0.02)?2e??Zn(s)

¾»·´Ó¦ Zn2?(aZn2?,2?0.02)?Zn2?(aZn2?,1?0.004)E5??RT0.004ln?0.0207 V 2F0.022??4

(6) ¸º¼« Pb(s)?SO4(aSO2?,1?0.01)?PbSO4(s)?2e

2-Õý¼« PbSO4(s)?2e??Pb(s)?SO4(aSO2?,2?0.001)

42-¾»·´Ó¦ SO2-4(aSO2?,1?0.01)?SO4(aSO2?,2?0.001)44

E6??RT0.001ln?0.0296 V 2F0.0135. ÒÑÖª298.2 K·´Ó¦

?3 H2(p)?AgCl(s)?2Ag(s)?2HCl(0.1 mol?dm)

(1) ½«´Ë·´Ó¦Éè¼Æ³Éµç³Ø (298.2 Kʱµç³Øµç¶¯ÊÆΪ0.3522 V)£» (2) ¼ÆËã0.1 mol?dm HClË®ÈÜÒºµÄ¦Ã¡ÀΪ¶àÉÙ£¿ (3) ¼ÆËãµç³Ø·´Ó¦µÄƽºâ³£ÊýΪ¶à´ó£¿

(4) ½ðÊôAgÔڦáÀ = 0.809µÄ1 mol?dmHClÈÜÒºÖÐËù²úÉúH2µÄƽºâ·ÖѹΪ¶à´ó£¿ ½â£º(1) ½«ÉÏÊö·´Ó¦Éè¼Æ³Éµç³ØΪ£ºPtH2(p)HCl(0.1 mol?dm?3)Ag(s)?AgCl(s)

(2) µç³ØµÄµç¼«µçÊÆΪ£º

?3?3?ÓÒ??AgCl-AgCl??AgCl-AgCl?--RTlnaCl? FRTlnaH? +H22FRTE??ÓÒ??×ó??AgCl-AgCl-?lnaCl??aH?

FRTRT2RTm2RT2RTm2 ÒòΪ lnaCl??aH??lna??ln????ln???lnFFFmFFm2RT2RTm ËùÒÔ E??AgCl-AgCl-?ln???lnFFm?×ó??H??H+H?ÓÉÓÚE?0.3522 V£¬?AgCl-AgCl-?0.2223 V£¬m?0.1 mol?dm?3?0.1 mol?kg?1£¬ ËùÒÔ ???0.7982

?3(3) ·´Ó¦H2(p)?AgCl(s)?2Ag(s)?2HCl(0.1 mol?dm)£¬ÆäÖд¿¹ÌÌåAg£¬AgCl

µÄ»î¶ÈΪ1£¬aH2? E?E?p?1£¬ËùÒÔ£º pRT2RT2lnaHCl?E?ln(??m?/m) nFF2RTln(??m?/m)F

2?8.314?298.2 ?[0.3522?ln0.798?0.1]V?0.2223V96500E?E?K?exp(nFE2?0.2223?96500)?exp()?3.276?107 RT8.314?298.2?m?1 mol?kg?1?(4) ·´Ó¦Îª2Ag(s)?2HCl???2AgCl(s)?H2(g)£¬´¿¹ÌÌåµÄ»î¶ÈÈÔ

????0.809?Ϊ1£¬aH2?p¡£ paH2pH2/p1 ?2?KaHCl(??m?/m)4pH2(??m?/m)4p(0.809?1)4p?8???1.308?10p 7K3.276?1036. ÒÑÖª298 Kʱ 2H2O(g)?2H2(g)?O2(g)·´Ó¦µÄƽºâ³£ÊýΪ9.78¡Á10-81£¬ÕâʱµÄ±¥ºÍÕôÆûѹΪ3200 Pa£¬ÊÔÇó298 Kʱ£¬ÏÂÊöµç³ØµÄµç¶¯ÊÆE¡£ (Pt)H2(p)H2SO4(0.01 mol?kg)O2(p)(Pt)

£¨298 KʱµÄƽºâ³£ÊýÊǸù¾Ý¸ßÎÂϵÄÊý¾Ý¼ä½ÓÇó³öµÄ¡£ÓÉÓÚÑõµç¼«Éϵĵ缫·´Ó¦²»Ò×´ïµ½

ƽºâ£¬²»Äܲâ³öEµÄ¾«È·Öµ£¬ËùÒÔ¿Éͨ¹ýÉÏ·¨À´¼ÆËãEÖµ¡££©

½â£ºÕâÊÇÒ»¸öÇâÑõȼÁϵç³Ø£¬µç³Ø·´Ó¦¸ÕºÃÓëÒÑ֪ƽºâ³£ÊýµÄ·´Ó¦Ïà·´¡£Òª¼ÆËãµç³ØµÄµç¶¯ÊÆ£¬ÐèÒªÖªµÀµç³Ø·´Ó¦µÄ?rGm¡£ÓÉÓÚµç³Ø·´Ó¦Éú³ÉµÄÊÇH2O(l)£¬¶ø·Ö½â·´Ó¦ÖÐÊÇH2O(g)£¬Õâ¾ÍÐèÒªÓÃÈÈÁ¦Ñ§·½·¨½øÐÐÊʵ±µÄ»»Ëã¡£

?1¸º¼« 2H2(p)?4H?(aH?)?4e?

Õý¼« O2(p)?4H?(aH?)?4e??2H2O(l)

¾»·´Ó¦ 2H2(p)?O2(p)?2H2O(l)

ÔÚÉú³ÉµÄH2O(l)ÖУ¬ËüµÄ±¥ºÍÕôÆûѹΪ3200 Pa£¬ÀûÓÃÈÈÁ¦Ñ§×´Ì¬º¯ÊýµÄÐÔÖʼÆËã¸Ãµç³Ø·´Ó¦µÄ?rGm¡£

?rGm2H2(p) ? O2(p) ???? 2H2O(l, ps?3.2 kPa) ?rGm,1? ?G?rGm,3?

rm,2 2H2O(g, p) ???? 2H2O(g, 3.2 kPa) ?rGm,1¾ÍÊÇË®Æû·Ö½â·´Ó¦µÄÄæ·´Ó¦µÄĦ¶ûGibbs×ÔÓÉÄܵı仯ֵ£¬ÆäֵΪ£º

?rGm,1?RTlnK?RTln(9.7?10?81)??456.46 kJ?mol-1

?rGm,2?2RTlnp23.2?2RTln??17.06 kJ?mol-1 p1100?rGm,3ÊDZ¥ºÍÕôÆûѹϵÄÆø-ÒºÁ½ÏàƽºâʱµÄGibbs ×ÔÓÉÄܵı仯ֵ£¬Ôò?rGm,3?0¡£

?rGm??rGm,1??rGm,2??rGm,3?(?456.46?17.06) kJ?mol-1??473.52 kJ?mol-1

E???rGm473520? V?1.227 V nF4?9650037. (1) ½«·´Ó¦H2(p)?I2(s)?2HI(a??1)Éè¼Æ³Éµç³Ø£»(2) Çó´Ëµç³ØµÄE¼°µç³Ø·´Ó¦ÔÚ298 KʱµÄK£» (3) Èô·´Ó¦Ð´³É

11H2(p)?I2(s)?HI(a??1)£¬µç³ØµÄE¼°·´Ó¦22µÄKÖ®ÖµÓë(2)ÊÇ·ñÏàͬ£¬ÎªÊ²Ã´£¿

½â£º(1) Éè¼Æµç³Ø£º(Pt)H2(p)HI(a??1)I2(s)(Pt)

?(I2I?)?0.5362 V

(2) ²éµÃ298 Kʱ£¬E??(I2I?)??(H2H?)?0.5362 V

K?exp((3) Èô·´Ó¦Ð´³É

2FE)?1.38?1018 RT11H2(p)?I2(s)?HI(a??1)£¬Ôò 22?0.5362 V

E²»±ä£¬E K?exp(FE)?1.175?109 RT38. ÔÚ298 Kʱ£¬µç³Ø

Ag(s)-AgI(s)KI(m?0.01 mol?kg?1, ???0.65)AgNO3(m?0.001 mol?kg?1, ???0.95)Ag(s)

µÄµç¶¯ÊÆE = 0.720 V¡£ÊÔÇó£º(1) AgI µÄKsp£» (2) AgIÔÚ´¿Ë®ÖеÄÈܽâ¶È£»(3) AgIÔÚ1mol?kg?1 KIÈÜÒºÖеÄÈܽâ¶È¡£

½â£º¸º¼«:Ag(s)?I?e?AgI(s)£¬ Õý¼«: Ag?e?Ag(s)

????µç³Ø·´Ó¦:Ag??I??AgI(s)

(1) E?E?RTRTln[a(Ag?)a(I?)] E?E?ln[?(Ag?)m(Ag?)?(I?)m(I?)] FF¼ÙÉèµ¥¶ÀÀë×ӵĻî¶ÈϵÊý¿ÉÓÃ??´úÌ棬Ôò£º

E?0.720?0.02568ln(0.95?0.001?0.65?1)=0.910 V

K?exp(FE11 )????RTa(Ag)a(I)Ksp-FE?96500?0.910)?exp()?4.05?10?16 RT8.314?298ËùÒÔ£ºKsp?exp((2) ÔÚ´¿Ë®ÖУ¬Ag?ºÍI?Ũ¶ÈºÜСÇÒÏàͬ£¬Éè???1

2Ksp????(m?/m)2?4.05?10?16

12Èܽâ¶È:m?m??(Ksp)m?2.01?10?8mol?kg?1?2.01?10?8mol?cm?3

(3) ÔÚ1 mol?kg?1 KIÈÜÒºÖÐ(??= 0.65)£¬ÉèÈܽâ¶ÈΪm

m(Ag?)?m £»m(I?)?[1 mol?kg?1?m(Ag)]?1 mol?kg?1

2Ksp?[?(Ag?)m(Ag?)/m][?(I?)m(I?)/m]???m/m?4.05?10?16

m?4.05?10?16/0.652?9.59?10?16mol?kg?1?9.59?10?16mol?cm?3

39. ÔÚ298 Kʱ£¬µç³ØZn(s)ZnSO4(m?0.01 mol?kg?1, ???0.38)PbSO4-Pb(s)µÄµç¶¯ÊÆE = 0.5477 V¡£(1) ÒÑÖª?(Zn2?Zn)??0.763 V£¬Çó?(PbSO4-Pb)£»(2) ÒÑÖª298

2+KʱPbSO4µÄKsp = 1.58¡Á10-8£¬Çó?(Pb Pb)£» (3) µ±ZnSO4µÄm = 0.050 mol?kg?1ʱ£¬

E = 0.523 V£¬Çó´ËŨ¶ÈÏÂZnSO4µÄ¦Ã¡À¡£

2+?½â£º¸º¼« Zn(s)?Zn(m?)?2e

?Õý¼« PbSO4(s)?2e??Pb(s)?SO24(m?)

µç³Ø·´Ó¦: Zn(s)?PbSO4(s)?ZnSO4(m)?Pb(s)

(1) E?E?RTRTRTlna(ZnSO4)?E?lna??E?ln(??m/m) nFnFnF8.314?298ln(0.38?0.01)] V96500

=?(PbSO4-Pb)??(Zn2+Zn)?0.4046 VE??[0.5477??(PbSO4-Pb)?(0.4046?0.763) V??0.357 V

(2) ¶ÔÓÚPbSO4µç¼«£¬Æäµç¼«·´Ó¦Îª£º

Pb2+?2e??Pb(s), ?rGm,1??2F?(Pb2?Pb)

?PbSO4(s)?Pb2+?SO24, ?rGm,2??RTlnKsp

?PbSO4(s)?2e??Pb(s)?SO24, ?rGm??2F?(PbSO4-Pb)

?rGm??rGm,1??rGm,2??2F?(PbSO4-Pb) ??2F?(Pb2?Pb)?RTlnKsp

?(PbSO4-Pb)??(Pb2?Pb)?RTlnKsp 2F?(Pb2?Pb)?[?0.357?(?0.231)] V??0.126 V

(3) E?0.4046 V, E?0.5230 V, m = 0.050 mol?kg-1£¬´úÈëÏÂʽ

E?E?RTln(??m/m)2?E?0.02568ln(??m/m) 2F½âµÃ£º ???0.200

40. 298 Kʱ£¬µç³Ø(Pt)H2(p)NaOH(m)HgO(s)?Hg(l)µÄE = 0.9255 V£¬ÒÑÖª

?Hg?HgOOH?0.0976 V£¬ÊÔÇóË®µÄÀë×Ó»ýKw¡£

?½â£ºµç³Ø·´Ó¦£ºH2(p)?HgO(s)?Hg(l)?H2O(l)

E?E??(HgO)??(H2OH?)

?(H2OH?)??(H2H+)?ËùÒÔ ERTlnKw F??(HgO)?RTlnKw FKw?exp{F[?(HgO)?E]}?1?10?14

RT41. µç³Ø£º(1)Na(s)NaIÈÜÓÚC2H5NH2ÖÐNa(Hgx, NaÕ¼0.206%)£¬

(2)

Na(Hgx,NaÕ¼0.206%)NaCl(m?1.022 mol?kg?1,???0.650)Hg2Cl2(s)?Hg(l)£¬

298 KʱE(1) = 0.8453 V£¬E(2) = 2.158 V¡£ÊÔд³öÁ½¸öµç³ØµÄ·´Ó¦£¬²¢¸ù¾Ý

?(Hg?Hg2Cl2Cl?)?0.2684 V£¬Çóµç¼«Na(s)Na?(aq)µÄ?¡£

½â£ºµç³Ø(1)Êǵ缫Ũ²îµç³Ø£¬µç³Ø·´Ó¦Îª£ºNa(s)=Na(Hgx,a(Na))

µç³Ø(2)·´Ó¦£º2Na(Hgx,a)?Hg2Cl2(s)?2NaCl(m)?2Hg(l) ½«µç³Ø(1)ºÍµç³Ø(2)´®Áª³Éµç³Ø(3)£ºµç³Ø(1)|µç³Ø(2) µç³Ø(3)·´Ó¦£º2Na(s)+Hg2Cl2(s)?2NaCl(m)?2Hg(l)

E?E(1)?E(2)??(Hg2Cl2Hg)??(Na+Na)?2RTln(??m/m) F?(Na+Na)??(Hg2Cl2Hg)?E(1)?E(2)?2RTln(??m/m) F?(Hg2Cl2Hg)?0.2681 V, E(1)?0.8453 V, E(2)?2.1582 V

??m/m?0.650?1.022/1£¬´úÈëÉÏʽ£¬µÃ£º?(Na+Na)??2.713 V

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+?¸º¼« zHg?l??Hgzz?m1??ze ??Õý¼« Hgzm?ze?zHg?l? ??z2?z?¾»·´Ó¦ Hgzz?m2??Hgz?m1?

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(pH)x = (pH)s + (Ex ¨C Es)/(2.303RT/F)

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(2) µ±ÒÔpH = 6.86µÄÁ×ËỺ³åÈÜÒº³äÈëʱ£¬E = 0.7409 V£»µ±³äÈëijδ֪ÈÜҺʱ£¬²âµÃµÄpH = 4.64¡£ÇóËã¸Ãµç³ØµÄE¡£

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ËùÒÔµ±Ex = 0.3865 Vʱ£¬

¼´ (pH)x = 4.00 + (0.3865 ¨C 0.1120) / (2.303RT/F) = 8.64 (2) µ±(pH)s = 6.86£¬Es = 0.7409 Vʱ£¬

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nH2?VH2?100?3.6?1.518 mol?h-1 = 0.0253 mol?min-1

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