合成名词classroom(名词十名词)blackboard(形容词十名词) 合成形容词worldwide(名词十形容词)good-looking(形容词十分词) 合成动词overcome(副词十动词) 合成数词fifty-four(数词十数词)
合成代词somebody(不定代词十名词) anything(不定代词十名词) 合成副词downstairs(介词十名词) whole-heartedly(形容词十副词) 2.派生构词法
在一个单词前面或后面加上一个同级构成新词，这种构词法叫派生构词法。加在单词前面的词缀叫前缀，加在单词后面的词缀叫后缀。 en-(使可能) enable,enrich
un-(不，非，表示否定) unfriendly,unpleasant, uncomfortable dis-(不，非，表示否定) disadvantage, dishonest,disagree inter-(相互) interview,international,Internet mis-(错误的) misunderstanding re-(又，再) review, return,rewrite tele-(远) telephone, television
一or/-er(从事某种职业的人) actor ,visitor ,singer ,runner 一ful(充满，形容词后缀) successful,beautiful,colorful,wonderful
一tion (表动作，状态，名词后缀) invitation, population, prediction, attraction 一 less(没有，无，形容词后缀) homeless, helpless, careless 一y(表性质，形容词后缀) funny,healthy ，cloudy,windy 一ing (形容词后缀) interesting, surprising, relaxing 一al(......的，形容词后缀) traditional, national, natural 一able(能够，形容词后缀) comfortable,unforgettable
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一ed(形容词后缀) surprised,balanced,talented 一ly(以某种方式，副词后缀) quickly,happily,slowly 3.转化构词法
一个单词由一种词性转换为另一种词性,这种构词法叫转化构词法。 (1)名词转化为动词
show n.展览，展示一show v.表演,展出 water n.水一water v. 仅浇水 (2)形容词转化为动词 slow adj.慢的一slow v.使放慢 (3)动词转化为名词
walk v.散步，走一walk n.散步 look v.看一look n.看
四、要点讲练
【要点1】influence的用法
⑴名词意为―影响；作用；感化‖短语：have an influence on 对…有影响 ⑵动词意为―影响；对…起作用‖ 例句：
The weather influences crops. 天气影响收成。
Young people are quickly influenced by new ideas. 年轻人很快地受到新思想的影响。
The labor enthusiasm of the workers strongly influenced us. 工人们的劳动热情极大地感染了我们。 【要点2】suppose用法
suppose的基本意思是―猜想；以为；假定‖，其基本用法如下：
⑴ suppose + that 从句，表示―猜测；假定‖。 例：I suppose that you are right. 我想你是对的。
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⑵ be supposed to后要跟动词原形。当be supposed to... 的主语是―人‖ 时，意为―应该…… ‖；―被期望……‖，它可以用来表示劝告、建议、义务、责任等，相当于情态动词should。
例：Everyone is supposed to wear a seat-belt in the car. 每个人在汽车里都应该系安全带。
Teachers are supposed to treat all the students alike. 老师应该对所有的学生一视同仁。
但当be supposed to... 的主语是―物‖时，它表示―本应；本该‖，用于表示―某事本应该发生而没有发生‖。
例： The new laws are supposed to prevent crime. 这些新法令本应该起到防止犯罪的作用。
The train was supposed to arrive half an hour ago. 火车本应在半小时之前到达。
【要点3】trouble的用法和搭配
用作名词表示―烦恼、苦恼、困境、辛劳‖等通常是不可数名词，考点如下： ⑴have trouble doing sth. ―做某事有困难‖，通常不用不定式。(意同have difficulty doing sth)
例：we have no trouble finding his office. ⑵ get into trouble 表示―陷入困境，引起指责‖。 例如：He‘s always getting me into trouble with the teacher. ⑶ be in trouble 表示―处于不幸/困境之中‖ 例：He was said to be in trouble with his boss,.
用作动词trouble意为―（使）烦恼/麻烦/费心‖等，为及物动词。 【要点4】stop sb.from doing sth意为阻止某人做某事;
同义词组为keep/prevent sb .from doing sth. stop/prevent sb. from doing sth. 中 from 可省略, 而 keep sb. from doing sth 中from不可省略。
The workers had to work for hours to stop/keep/prevent the ship from going do 工人们不得不工作数小时来阻止船下沉。
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【拓展】can't stop doing sth意为忍不住做某事，同义词组为can't help doing sth I couldn't stop laughing when I heard it. 听到那件事时，我忍不住笑了起来。
【要点5】take pride in意为“为……感到自豪/骄傲”与be proud of
The young mother took pride in her son. =The young mother was proud of her son. 这位年轻的妈妈为她的儿子感到自豪。
I take pride in being a Chinese.=I'm proud of being a Chinese. 我为自己是中国人感到骄傲。
【要点6】Will books be replaced by the Internet? 1.be replaced by … ―被……所取代‖
如：I don‘t think that man will be replaced by robots in the future. 我认为将来人类不会被机器人所取代。 2.replace 接替；替代
如：I will replace Lucy on the team. 我将接替队里的露西。
【要点7】keep …away “使……避开；使……不靠近” 如：Please keep the child away from the barking dog. 请让孩子远离那只狂叫的狗。 keep 及物动词，意为―存放；饲养‖ 如：We can keep the meat in the fridge. 我们可以把这些肉放在冰箱里。 【要点8】difficulty的用法
difficulty n.困难，艰难，难事；有可数名词和不可数名词两种用法。作不可数名词，意为\困难、艰难\，常用在以下句型中：
①have difficulty (in) doing sth.做某事有困难（意同have trouble doing sth.） 例：I had no difficulty in learning English.我学英语没有困难
② 用作可数名词，表示具体的困难，意为\难事，难点，困境，难处\。
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