发盘立即终止有效。如果受盘人反悔又表示接受,即使在原先发盘的有效期之内,合同也不能成立。英商6月2日的传真已构成对原发盘的拒绝,因此我方6月1日的发盘已失效。
2. 我某外贸公司于3月1日向美商发去电子邮件,发盘供应某农产品1000公吨并列明“牢固麻袋包装”(PACKED IN SOUND GUNNY BAGS)。美商收到我方电子邮件后立即复电表示,“接受,装新麻袋装运”(ACCEPTED,SHIPMENT IN NEW GUNNY BAGS)。我方收到上述复电后,即着手备货,准备于双方约定的6月份装船。数周后,某农产品国际市价猛跌,针对我方的催证电子邮件,美商于3月20日来电称:“由于你方对新麻袋包装的要求未予确认,双方之间无合同(no contract)?”而我外贸公司则坚持合同已有效成立,于是双方对此发生争执。试问:此案应如何处理?说明理由。 参考答案:
该合同已经成立。“装新麻袋装运”属于非实质性变更发盘,该接受是有效的,除非发盘人及时提出反对,但本案例中我方并未表示反对,而是着手备货,因此合同已经成立?
第二十一章 出口合同的履行
思考题: 18. 参考答案:
ISSUE OF A DOCUMENTARY CREDIT Application header: 0700 1650 040530 HSBC 2013022326932 +HONGKONG AND SHANGHAI BANKING CORP. +MELBOURNE
User Header:SERVICE CODE103 BANK PRIORITY113 MSG USER REF108 Sequence of Total27:1/1
Form of Doc. Credit 40A: IRREVOCABLE Doc. Credit Number 20: 37488Date of Issue31C:130224
HSBC
2204
Expiry31D:Date: 130610Place: CHINA Applicant50:
SUPERBAIM TRADING CO., LTD., NO.500 BOURKE ST. MELBOURNE 3000, AUSTRALIA Beneficiary59:
SHANGHAI SHENGDAIMPORT & EXPORT CORP. 5FL, 27 ZHONGSHAN ROAD, SHANGHAI 200122, P.R. OF CHINA
Amount32:CURRENCY:USDAMOUNT: 9300.00 Available with/by41:ANY BANK IN CHINA BY NEGOTIATION Drafts at42C AT SIGHT
FOR FULL INVOICE VALUE Drawee41D: ISSUING BANK Partial Shipments43P:ALLOWED Transshipment43T: PROHIBOTED Loading in Charge44A:SHIPMENT FROM SHANGHAI For Transport to44B:MELBOURNE Latest Date of Ship44C:130531
Description of Goods45A:STEEL TAPE RULES JHJH
392W3MX16MM2000DOZAT USD 3.60 380W3MX16MM500DOZAT USD 4.20
Price Term: FOB SHANGHAI(INCOTERMS 2010) Documents required46A
1. SIGNED COMMERCIAL INVOICE IN 4 COPIES SIGNED BY BENEFICIARY AND MUST SHOW THE S/C NO. SD130215
2. FULL SET(3/3) CLEAN ON BOARD OCEAN BILL OF LADING ISSUED OR ENDORSED TO THE ORDER OF HSBC, MELBOURNE, MARKED “FREIGHT PREPAID”, AND NOTIFY APPLICANT.
3. INSURANCE POLICY OR CERTIFICATE IN 2 COPIES ENDORSED IN BLANK FOR 120 PERCENT OF THE INVOICE VALUE INCLUDING OCEAN MARINE CARGO CLAUSES ALL RISKS AND WAR CLAUSES AS PER PICC WITH CLAIMS PAYABLE IN MELBOURNE IN THE CURRENCY OF THE DRAFTS. FOB术语由买方投保
4. PACKING LIST IN 3 ORIGINAL, PLUS 1 COPY.
5. A CERTIFICATE ISSUED BY BENEFICIARY AND COUNTERSIGNED BY THE BUYERS REPRESENTATIVE, HIS SIGNATURE MUST BE VERIFIED IN THE ISSUING BANK. 软条款
6. CERTIFICATE OF ORIGIN ISSUED BY CHINA COUNCIL FOR THE PROMOTION OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN 3 FOLD.
7. BENEFICIARYS CERTIFICATE STATING THAT ONE SET OF ORIGINAL OCEAN B/L
MUST BE SENT TO APPLICANT DIRECTLY BY COURIER WITHIN 3 DAYS AFTER SHIPMENT 软条款
Additional Cond.47A:
1. T.T. REIMBURSEMENT PROHIBITED.
2. THE GOODS TO BE PACKED IN STANDARD EXPORT PACKING
3. ALL DRAFTS AND DOCUMENTS MUST SHOW OUR CREDIT NUMBER.
4. WE ARE OBLIGED TO PAY ONLY AFTER GOODS ARE CLEARED IN THE PORT OF DESTINATION. 软条款
Details of Charges71B: ALL BANKING CHARGES OUTSIDE MELBOURNE AND INCLUDING REIMBURSEMENT COMMISSIONS ARE FOR ACCOUNT OF BENEFICIARY Presentation Period48: WITHIN 15 DAYS FROM B/L DATE BUT NOT LATER THAN EXPIRY DATE.交单期不能太短
Confirmaition49: WITHOUT
Send. To Reic. Info.:THIS CREDT IS SUBJECT TO UCP I.C.C PUB. NO. 600. 案例:
1. 出口合同规定××商品数量1200万米,7至12月每月各装运200万米,不可撤销即期议付信用证付款,装运月份开始前15天买方负责将信用证开至卖方。买方按约如期于6月15日将信用证开给卖方,经审查信用证总量与总金额以及其他条款均与合同规定一致,但装运条款仅规定“允许分批”和最后装运日期为12月31日。由于出口企业备有库存现货,为争取早出口?早收汇,遂先后于7月20日和10月5日将货物分两批各600万米装运出口,由于提交的单据符合信用证条款规定,付款行及时履行了付款义务。但事后不久,收到国外进口人电子邮件,声称我出口企业违反了合同,提出索赔。对此,你认为应如何处理? 参考答案:
我方构成违约,虽然我方提交的单据符合信用证的要求,按照UCP600的规定银行应予以付款,但是我方的做法与合同规定不符,买方有权索赔。
2. 某外资企业出口货物一批,买卖合同与信用证均规定为CIF条件,货物装运后,出口企业在向轮船公司支付全额运费后取得了由船公司签发的已装船清洁提单。但制单人员在提单上漏打了“Freight Prepaid”字样。当时正遇市场价格下跌,开证行根据开证申请人意见,以所交单据与信用证不符为由拒付货款。后几经交涉,最终以减价了案。对此,试予评论, 参考答案:
根据UCP600的规定,银行审单应遵循严格相符的原则,CIF应注明运费预付字样。制单人员应按照信用证要求严格制单。
3. 某出口企业出口供加工发网用的原料——人发(注:人发的售价与长度成正比),合同规定长度为8英寸。装运时因8英寸的人发货源短缺,,遂以售价较高的9英寸的人发替代。买方在收到货物后,不仅不对我方按原价交付了较合同规定更长、售价更高的货物表示感谢,相反还向我方提出索赔,理由是:9英寸的人发过长,不能适应加工发网的机器生产,需切短成8英寸后才能加工,以致造成人工和时间上的损失。最终以我方赔付切短费用结案。试分析我方在此案中的教训。 参考答案:
我方的失误在于没有严格按照合同的质量规定准备货物,交货质量应不低于合同的要求,也不能高于合同的要求,因此我方要承担相应的责任。
4. 某年5月,我某贸易公司A与美国贸易公司B以CIF术语签订了一笔货物出口合同,目的港为美国纽约。合同规定的货物最迟装运日期为该年7月20日,结算方式为不可撤销即期议付信用证支付。合同签订后,A公司即委托我国运输公司C运送货物至目的港。但A公司由于自身原因未能及时组织货源,直到7月31日才将货物全部备妥,并于8月4日装“高山轮”出运。为了能够如期结汇取得货款,A公司要求C运输公司按7月20日的日期