The academy gave senior cadets DANCING PRIVILEGES.
不太好：The academy gave senior cadets THE PRIVILEGE OF DANCING. 39. Rate
The RATES FOR bus tickets are good for commuters. (= prices) The RATE OF theft has fallen. (= frequency or speed) 40. Rebel
The colonists REBELLED AGAINST tyranny. 41. Recognize Recognize as/to be 42. Reluctant Be reluctant to do 43. Resemble
A neighbor of mine RESEMBLES my father. 44. Restriction Restriction ON sth 45. Same
The car looks THE SAME TO me AS TO you. 46. So…as to
The sauce was SO hot AS TO burn my mouth. 纠结的搭配，10th OG中曾出现在正确项中，但是到了12thOG则说是错误搭配却又没给解释 为什么错。Manhattan以及n多砖家认为此搭配没问题可以用。So,遇到它提高警惕。 47. So too
Bellbottoms ARE coming back in style, and SO TOO ARE vests. 48. Targeted
This intervention is TARGETED AT a specific misbehavior. 49. Think
She THINKS OF them AS heroes.
She IS THOUGHT TO BE secretly wealthy. 50. Tool
We have a TOOL FOR MAKING progress. We have a TOOL TO MAKE progress.
Note: The GMAT does not seem to require WITH, although one makes progress WITH a tool. 51. Weigh
My laptop WEIGHS LESS THAN a suitcase.
第十章：ODDS & ENDS
（一）连词
1、一个正确的句子至少有一个主句：有完整的主谓结构，且不以because or if结尾；逗号不 足以连接两个完整句子。
2、and 是GMAT 考试总最重要的连词，它可以连接多个名词，或多个结构相同成分或者 句子，注意and连接的前后成分一定要是并列的。 看到“，and”的句子特别注意表示两种可能
1一个系列（apples, grapes, and pears）○。
2两个主句（I like apples, and she likes grapes）○。
3、一次只能用一个连词，如since/because, so不能同时用， although, yet不能同时用。 4、并列连词：and, but, or, for, nor, yet, so；从属连词，although, because, before, after, since, when, if , unless, that, though, while 5.连词的使用要有意义；
Wrong: She is not interested in sports, AND she likes watching them on TV. Right: She is not interested in sports, BUT she likes watching them on TV.
（二）标点符号:逗号，分号，破折号，冒号 1、逗号
(1)次要内容会用逗号隔开，但是主要内容和主句一脉相承。（插入语） (2) 一个主语发出的两个动词间的and不用逗号。
EG: Wrong: Earl walked to school, AND later ate his lunch.个人认为，不能判错，但是要瞬间失去好感
Right: Earl walked to school AND later ate his lunch. Right: Earl walked to school, AND HE later ate his lunch.
(3) 逗号不能连接两个完整的句子。（老生常谈） 2、分号
(1)分号用以连接两个紧密相关的句子，这两个句子又是分别相对完整的句子。（说是“相对”， 是因为虽然语法上都能单独成句，但是逻辑意思上第二句单独出来的话就说不通） EG: Andrew and Lisa are inseparable; they do everything together.
(2)用分号连接的两句应该是独立、平衡的。如果原句有从属关系，那么应该保留。
Right: The dam has created dead zones, WHERE fish have disappeared. Wrong: The dam has created dead zones; fish have disappeared.
(3)分号后经常跟一些链接副词（注意这些词不是真正的连词，是伪连词，不能用逗号替代分号），如
however, therefore, in addition, then. EG:
Wrong: Andrew and Lisa are inseparable, THEREFORE, we never see them apart. Right: Andrew and Lisa are inseparable; THEREFORE, we never see them apart. (4)分号还有个主要的用法：用来隔开带逗号的一串名词。 EG:
Wrong: I listen to Earth, Wind & Fire, Wow, Owls, and Blood, Sweat & Tears. Right: I listen to Earth, Wind & Fire; Wow, Owls; and Blood, Sweat & Tears. 3、冒号
(1)冒号是对前面提出的信息起补充说明作用，可以在冒号后面加namely或者that is。 (2)冒号前的分句必须能够单独成句，冒号后的则不一定。 (3)被解释的成分与冒号后的解释成分越近越好。
EG: The rate of a reaction is affected by three factors: concentration, surface area, and temperature.
(4)冒号后可以加入一个主句，用以解释冒号前的内容。
EG: On January 1, 2000, the national mood was completely different from what it would become just a few years later: at the turn of the century, given a seemingly unstoppable stock market and a
seemingly peaceful world, the country was content. 4、破折号
(1)破折号的用法很富有弹性，既可以作强调作用，也能充当冒号，分号。 (2)有时候为了突出主要内容或者解释时，破折号更佳。
EG: My three best friends-Danny, Jimmy, and Joey-and I went skiing. (用逗号意思就变7个人了) (3)破折号还可以重复或者解释前半句的内容。但又和冒号不同，破折号不一定立刻放在被 解释内容之后。
EG: Post-MBA compensation for investment bankers tends to surge far ahead of that for management consultants-by tens, if not hundreds, of thousands of dollars a year. (4)用的比较广泛，破折号有双的，也有单的。 5.破折号可以把同位语隔开
My three best friends-Danny, Jimmy, and Joey-and I went skiing.
（三）量词
1、可数的量词：few、number、numerous 2、不可数的量词：less、amount、great、least
3、既可跟可数名词复数 又可跟不可数名词单数的量词：more, most, enough, all 但是less只能不可数
4、留意单位词：如dollar, gallons, 这些单位词可用复数，但都是修饰不可数 名词的 如money volume；
Right: We have LESS THAN twenty dollars.
fewer than twenty dollar bills
5、the number of 修饰单数，a number of 修饰复数，The numbers of 一般都是错的 如果要做numbers 比较，一般用greater than, 而不是more than
6、increase和decrease表达同一事物的变化；Greater和less则是比较不同事物。
Right: The price of silver INCREASED by ten dollars.
Right: The price of silver is five dollars GREATER than the price of copper.
7、在使用这些词的时候，要避免意思重复： Decrease-fall; increase-rise A: Though canals have a severe decline in barge traffic over the past several
decades, yet with the rise in fuel costs, \become an important means of transporting goods within the country
Canals have experienced severe decline in barge traffic over the past several decades, yet with the rise in fuel costs, \transporting goods within the country：
B :Harvey Dash, the remarkable sprinter, HAS BROKEN world records IN TWO OLYMPIC EVENTS: the IOO-meter and200-meter runs.
13. Orinoco. com, a major Internet retailer, announced mixed results for the second quarter: the NUMBER of people shopping at Orinoco.com grew by THIRTY-FOUR PERCENT, but profit per customer fell sharply as consumers shifted to lower-margin items in response to uncertain economic conditions.
并列连词必须被逗号隔开，而从属连词as 可以在句中使用；
12th Edition: 4, 33, 34, 35, 44, 50, 51, 59, 64, 73, 75, 96, 106, 117, 118, 120, D38, D45
十、简洁和平行（高阶）
（一）简洁：一些具体的形式: V>adj>n
1、动词形式优于名词：即动词形式优于 名词+be/make 形式
EG: He conceived of money as a goal?优于? His conception of money was a goal. . His example influenced me. 优于? His example was an influence on me
2、that 从句优于一堆名词性修饰语，常用这种结构的词包括：hypothesis, belief, discovery, evidence, indication, and report.
EG: The hypothesis that the universe is largely composed of dark energy seems strange.
?? The hypothesis about the composition of the universe as largely dark energy seems strange. 3、动词形式优于形容词形式
The artist influenced the movement.. ?? The artist was influential to the movement 例外的：(Suspect vs. are suspicious of ) 忠实原意
4、形容形式优于名词形式
juggle vi. 玩杂耍；欺骗；歪曲vt. 歪曲；欺骗n. 玩戏法；欺骗
She has the ability to juggle. ??She is able to juggle. 更好的是she can juggle She is capable of juggling. -- ?? She has the capability to juggle.
5、副词形式优于介词短语
Wordy: Oil prices have fallen, but prices at the gasoline pump have not fallen TO A COMPARABLE EXTENT.
Better: Oil prices have fallen, but prices at the gasoline pump have not fallen COMPARABLY
Wordy to a considerable extent to a significant degree
Better considerably significantly
注意：尽可能避免用to be，而用is , am, are 等替代
6、sth that is adj啰嗦；adj sth 简洁；如果主句也有be 那么避免使用从句加be ； Marcos is a professor who is admirable. Marcos is a admirable professor. 同位语也比从句加be简洁：
Wordy: Joan, WHO IS a FIREFIGHTER, works in Yosemite Park. Better: Joan, a FIREFIGHTER, works in Yosemite Park.
7、尽量少用it is…that 结构 （强调句结构）
Wordy: IT IS without fear THAT children should play. Better: Children should play without fear.
上述的，都不是一定的规则，而是偏爱；明智的使用这些模式； 一定当心捷径，being or the fact that 不意味着就一定错： （二）简洁：不要弄的太短
GMAC会利用较短的表达造成“简洁”的错觉。
1、(1) 有时把带of的介词短语通过修饰词提前,转换成形容词短语。
A wall of stone=a stone wall。但是of是带有数量、时间、计量性质的固定搭配就不能改了,一定用of。