《软件工程（双语）》
参考教材：
《Software engineering》9th Edition Ian Sommervile，Pearson Education, 机械工业出版社，2011
参考书目:
1、Software Engineering Theory and Practice(Second Edition影印版), Shari Lawrence Pfleeger，Pearson Education, 2001 2、《软件工程》第四版 张海藩 清华大学出版社，2007
3、软件工程， 王忠群主编 中国科学技术大学出版社 2009-11-1 4、Software engineering : a practitioner's approach / Roger S. Pressman. 6th ed. Pressman, Roger S. China Machine Press, 2008 说明:
斜体部分是可选讲授内容, 带星号的习题为可选。
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Chapter 1 (1) Introduction
? Getting started with software engineering
1.1 Topics covered
A.1 Professional software development
What is meant by software engineering
A.2 Software engineering ethics
A brief introduction to ethical issues that affect software engineering.
1.2 Importance of Software engineering
? The economies of ALL developed nations are dependent on software. ? More and more systems are software controlled
? Expenditure on software represents a significant fraction of GNP (gross National product) in
all developed countries.( GNP与GDP的关系是：GNP等于GDP加上本国投在国外的资本和劳务的收入再减去外国投在本国的资本和劳务的收入。) ? Software costs often dominate computer system costs. The costs of software on a PC are
often greater than the hardware cost.
? Software engineering is concerned with cost-effective software development
1.3 FAQs about software engineering
A.1 What is software?
Computer programs and associated documentation
B.1
Software products may be developed for a particular customer or may be developed for a general market B.2 Software products may be
? Generic - developed to be sold to a range of different customers
? Bespoke (custom) - developed for a single customer according to their specification
A.2 What are the attributes of good software?
The software should deliver the required functionality and performance to the user and should be maintainable, dependable and usable
B.1 B.2 B.3
Maintainability Dependability Efficiency
Software must evolve to meet changing needs Software must be trustworthy
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Software should not make wasteful use of system resources
B.4 Acceptability
Software must accepted by the users for which it was designed. This means it must be understandable, usable and compatible with other systems.
A.3 What is software engineering?
Software engineering is an engineering discipline that is concerned with all aspects of software production.
A.4 What are the fundamental software engineering activities?
Software specification, software development, software validation and software evolution
A.5 What is the difference between software engineering and computer science?
Computer science is concerned with theory and fundamentals; software engineering is concerned with the practicalities of developing and delivering useful software
A.6 What is the difference between software engineering and system engineering?
System engineering is concerned with all aspects of computer-based systems development including hardware, software and process engineering. Software engineering is part of this more general process.
A.7 What are the key challenges facing software engineering?
B.1
Coping with increasing diversity, demands for reduced delivery times and developing trustworthy software B.2 Heterogeneity
? Developing techniques for building software that can cope with heterogeneous
platforms and execution environments;
B.3 B.4
Delivery
? Developing techniques that lead to faster delivery of software;
Trust
? Developing techniques that demonstrate that software can be trusted by its users
A.8 What are the costs of software engineering?
? Roughly 60% of costs are development costs, 40% are testing costs. For custom software,
evolution costs often exceed development costs
? Costs vary depending on the type of system being developed and the requirements of system
attributes such as performance and system reliability
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? Distribution of costs depends on the development model that is used
A.9 What are the best software engineering techniques and methods?
While all software projects have to be professionally managed and developed, different techniques are appropriate for different types of system. For example, games should always be developed using a series of prototypes whereas safety critical control systems require a complete and analyzable specification to be developed. You can’t, therefore, say that one method is better than another.
A.10 What differences has the web made to software engineering?
The web has led to the availability of software services and the possibility of developing highly distributed service-based systems. Web-based systems development has led to important advances in programming languages and software reuse.
1.4 Software engineering
1.4.1 Software engineering is an engineering discipline that is
concerned with all aspects of software production from the early stages of system specification through to maintaining the system after it has gone into use.
A.1 Engineering discipline
Using appropriate theories and methods to solve problems bearing in mind organizational and financial constraints.
A.2 All aspects of software production
Not just technical process of development. Also project management and the development of tools, methods etc. to support software production.
1.4.2 General issues that affect most software A.1 Heterogeneity
Increasingly, systems are required to operate as distributed systems across networks that include different types of computer and mobile devices.
A.2 Business and social change
Business and society are changing incredibly quickly as emerging economies develop and new technologies become available. They need to be able to change their existing software and to
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