一、建立贸易关系( Set new business relationship )
建立贸易关系,可以通过多种途径,比如通过驻外机构、国外商会、同业商行、银行、出国访问、商品交易会、报纸广告、市场调查等等。建立贸易关系的信函,要写得诚恳、热情、礼貌、得体,并将写信人的意图清楚地叙述完整,给对方留下深刻地印象,使其愿意与你交往。
范例一:
20 July 2011
PIVOT TRADING COMPANY
M.605,HEWLETT CENTRE,54 HOI YUEN RD.KWUN TONG,KLN
Dear Sir:
We understand from your information posted on www.Pocib.com that you are in the market for textiles. We would like to take this opportunity to introduce our company and products, with the hope that we may work with Bright Ideas Imports in the future.
We are a joint venture specializing in the manufacture and export of textiles. We have enclosed our catalog, which introduces our company in detail and covers the main products we supply at present. You may also visit our website www.export.com,which includes our latest product line.
Should any of these items be of interest to you, please let us know. We will be happy to give you a quotation upon receipt of your detailed requirements. We look forward to receiving your enquires soon.
Yours faithfully Aaron
PNG LAND HOLDING
7TH FLOOR,FLAT C,HIGHLAND MANSION,CAUSEWAY BAY 范例二:
15 May 2011
SHAWSPENCER INTERNATIONAL PLC
VALE HOUSE, 34-38 VALE ROAD,BUSHEY HERTFORDSHIRE
Dear Sir:
Inquiries regarding our new product, the FANCY SOAP, have been coming in from all parts of the world. Reports from users confirm what we knew before it was put on the market that it is the best FANCY SOAP. Enclosed is our brochure.
Looking forward to receiving your enquires soon.
Yours faithfully Bart
HANS & TONY COMPANY LTD.
FLAT D,12TH FLOOR,YEUNG YIU CHUNG (NO.8) IND.BLDG.,NO.20 WANG HOI ROAD,KOWLOON BAY,KOWLOON 范例三:
25 June 2011 Nippon Life
Room 201, No. 34, Lane 125, XiKang Road.
Dear Sirs:
We have your name and address from the www.Pocib.com that you are in the market for textiles. We take this opportunity to write to you with a view to set up friend business relations with you.
We are a state-owned company dealing specially with the export of tablecloth. We are in a position to accept orders according to the customer's spmples.In the customer's spmples,request about the assorted pattern, specification and package of the needed goods can be indicated particularly.
In order to give you a gengral idea of various kinds of the table-cloth we are handling, we are airmailing you under separate cover our latest catalogue for your reference. Please let us know immediately if you are interested in our products. We will send you our price list and sample to you as soon as we receive your specific inquiry. Looking forward to your early reply. Yours faithfully Kis
MEMPHIS FOR IMPORT & EXPORT
127, MASR & ALSOUDAN AT.,TOWER (C) 4TH FLOOR CAIRO 范例四:
15 May 2011
GOODSTONE CENTURY INC.
64-03,UTOPIA PKWY,FRESH MEADOWS,NY 11365
Dear Sirs:
We have obtained your address from the www.Pocib.com that you are in the market for textiles,and are now writing you for the establishment of business relations.
We are very well connected with all the major dealers here of Shoes Products, and feel sure we can sell large quantities of Chinese goods if we get your offers at competitive prices.
As to our standing, we are permitted to mention the Bank of France, Paris, as a reference.
Please let us have all necessary information regarding your products for export.
Yours faithfully Aem
WINCDITY (AUSTRALIA) CO PTY LTD
2 GREEN GUDLY CLOSE,KEILOR DOWNS,VIC 范例五:
5 JUNE 2011
ORDTRON CANADA INC
26 FORBES CRES MDRKHAM, ON.
Gentlemen:
We have obtained your name and address from Aristo Shoes, Milan , and we are writing to enquire whether you would be willing to establish business
relations with us. We have been importers of shoes for many years. At present, We are interested in extending our, range and would appreciate your
catalogues and quotations.If your prices are competitive we would expect to transact a significant volume of business. We look forward to your early reply.
Yours faithfully jill
WINNANG SKY(ASIA) LIMITED
UNIT 908, 9F,NEW EAST OCEAN CENTER,9 SCIENCE MUSEUM ROADTSIMSHATSUI EAST HANGKANG
二、询盘 ( Inquiry )
又称询价,是交易的一方向对方探询交易条件,表示交易愿望的一种行为。询盘多由买方作出,也可由卖方作出,内容可详可略,可以是只询问价格,也可以是询问其他一项或几项交易条件,主要是商品的价格、包装、交货期、付款方式等,以致要求对方向自己作出发盘。 询盘的内容询盘应简洁、清楚、礼貌。 询盘对交易双方无约束力。 范例一:
20 March 2011 NEXTWEAR,INC.
Room 403, No.37,A street Tianjin, China
Dear Sir or Madam:
Messrs Johns and Smith of New York inform us that are exports of all cotton bed-sheets and pillowcases. We would like you to send us details of various ranges, including sizes, colors and prices, and also samples of the different qualities of material used.
We are large dealers in textiles and believe there is a promising market in our area for moderately priced goods of this kind mentioned.
When quoting, please state your terms of payment and discount you would allow on purchases of quantities of not less than 100 dozen of individual items. Price quoted should include insurance and freight to London.
Yours faithfully Carl
Coapaq Campany
Floor 4, 6 South Zunyi Rd., Hongqiao Friendship Shopping Mall. 范例二:
21 June 2011
NAssau MAtAr Co., Ltd No. 272, BayA Road NEW YORK, USA
Dear Sir:
Seeing your ad in“POCIB” we become interested in your WOMEN'S
PYJAMAS. Please quote us for the supply of the items listed on the enclosed query form and give your prices C.I.F. Shanghai. It would be appreciated if you include your earliest delivery date, terms of payment, and discounts for regular purchases.
Yours faithfully
Tony Smith Groupe Auchan
Room 1403, No. 45, reer Residential Quarter, Begde District,U.S.A 范例三:
1 January 2011 Novartis Co., Ltd
P.O.BOX 21A,STRATHFIELD SOUTH NSW 2136 SYDNEY
Dear Sir:
In your letter of December 31, 2010, we got your enclosed price list and catalogue; we found that one of your goods is to our satisfaction, so we are now post its picture back to you. Would you please inform us in detail its price, terms of payment and terms of shipment? We hope you would quote us the most reasonable price. As we have a large population here, if the goods are sold well, we are sure to place regular orders with you.
Yours faithfully David
Viacom Co., Ltd
Room 2203, No. 7 xader District. 范例四:
20 March 2011
Gentle Credit Investment Co., Ltd
91A MANDOON RD.,GIRRAWEEN 2145 NSW
Dear Sir:
We are interested in buying large quantities of HAND SAW in all sizes. We would be obliged if you would give us a quotation per kilogram CFR Liverpool, England. It would also be appreciated if you could forward samples and your price-list to us.
We used to purchase these products from other sources. We may now prefer to buy from your company because we understand that you are able to supply larger quantities at more attractive prices. In addition, we have confidence in the quality of your products.
We look forward to hearing from you by return E-mail. Yours faithfully Evan
Abey Co., Ltd
#324 KING ST.NEWTOWN 范例五:
20 March 2011
ITOCHU AUSTRALIA LTD. SYDNEY OFFICE
LEVEL 29 GROSVENOR PLACE 225 GEORGE STREET SYDNEY, N.S.W.
Dear Zhang Min:
We learn from our trading partner John & Son Corporation that you are a leading importer and exporter of Arts & Crafts in your country. We take this
opportunity to approach you in the hope of establishing business relations with you and making an enquiry.
We are an importer and exporter of Arts & Crafts in Australia with more than 30 years of trading experience in this circle.
At present, we are very interested in your embroidered table cloth and should appreciate your sending us the latest illustrated catalogues and price lists. If your prices are competitive, we will place bulk orders with you. We look forward to receiving your early reply.
Yours sincerely, Kenneth King
SANTONA IMPORT & EXPORT LTD.
RM.1213,12/F.,HOUSTON CENTRE,63 MODY ROAD,TSIMSHATSUI EAST,KOWLOON 范例六:
Dear Sirs:
20 May 2011
Gentle Credit Investment Co., Ltd
Room 403, No. 37, Sutang Residential Quarter, BaiShan District Tianjin, China
We thank you for your letter of May 3 and shall be glad to enter into business relations with you.
We have seen your brochure and are interested in Green Tea Extract and Porcelain Tea Set No.TSM001. We shall be pleased if you will kindly send us samples and all the necessary information regarding these two products. Meanwhile, please quote us the lowest price, CIF Liverpool, stating the earliest date of shipment and the minimum quantity.
Should your price be competitive and date of shipment acceptable, we intend to place a large order with you.
Your early reply will be highly appreciated.
Yours faithfully Gavin
J. MORIYAMA HAIR DESIGN
58 UPPER MONTAGU STREET, LONDON 三、发盘 ( Offer )
发盘函是指卖方在销售某种商品时,向买方报价、介绍商品情况。提出具体的交易条件(包括商品名称和规格、数量、价格、付款条件、交货日期、运输方式和时间、保险、商检证书的需求等等)时所写的一种外贸信函。
发盘有实盘和虚盘之分。
实盘是报盘人在规定的期限内对所提条件的肯定表示,报盘人在有限期内不得随意改变和撤回报盘内容,发盘一经买方接受,买卖立即敲定,双方就有了法律约束力的合同关系。
虚盘是报盘人所作的非承诺性表示,附有保留条件,如“以我方最后确认为准(subject to our final confirmation)”等。
发盘要包含所有的具体交易内容,尤其是实盘要全面准确。 发盘的具体内容包括:
1.价格条款, 包含币别、金额、计量单位、贸易术语等4个要素。 例如:
Unit Price :USD 59 PER PC CIF NEYAGO
2.品名,包含商品编号和名称。
注:在POCIB中一笔合同只能包含至多3个商品,而且要是同一类别的。 例如:
Product: No.25003 24K Gold Decoration
3.规格或质量要求,有两种表示方法:一是文字说明;二是以样品实物表示。 例如:
Description:24K Pure gold, Scape: 24.5CM, Flowers in diameter: 6.5CM, Leaves: 6CM, Gold Weight: 1g, Packaging: 1pc/box, 10boxes/carton Quality: As per samples No.2662 submitted by seller on March 10, 2011.
4.数量:欲交易的或是最终合同的交易货物数量。 例如:
QUANTITY:100 PCS
5.包装:根据货物的特点明确包装方式。 例如:
Packing:1pc/box, 10boxes/carton
6.付款方式:根据交易国家和自身的情况选择适合的付款方式。 例如:
Payment: T/T AT SIGHT
7.运输方式:选择适合商品的运输方式。 例如:
Means of transport: BY AIR
8.有效期:明确该发盘的有效时间或在将来的某个时间点前截止。 例如:
This quotation is valid for 3 days.
9.装运时间:确切告知对方货物出运时间。 例如:
Shipment: Within 2 weeks of receiving L/C 10.装运港:出口国所在国家港口。 例如:
Port of Shipment: Nagoya 11.目的港:进口商所在国港口。 例如:
Port of Destination:NEWYORK
12.保险条款:在CIF/CIP情况下出口商需代理进口商保险,如若进口商在磋商中并没有提及保险条款,出口商只要投保最低险别;如若进口商有明确提出多投险种,则出口商可投保,多出的费用由进口商承担。 例如:
Insurance: To be effected by the seller for 110% invoice value against W.P.A. & War Risk.
13.唛头:内容繁简不一,由买卖双方根据商品特点和具体要求商定,包括-(1)收货人或买方名称字首(2)参照号码;(3)目的港(地)名称;(4)件数、批号,其作用在于使货物在装卸、运输、保管过程中容易被有关人员识别,以防错发错运。 例如:
SHIPPING MARK: 24K Gold Decoration U.S.A
C/NO. 1-10
MADE IN JAPAN
14.商检证书的要求:进口商根据货物的特点要求出口商提供的商检证书,在POCIB中有“商检证书-品质证书”、“商检证书-健康证书”、“商检证书-植物检疫证书”和“商检证书-数量/重量证书”四种。 例如:
Documents Required:Certificate of Quality in 3 originals and 3 copies. 返回页首 范例一:
21 March 2011
Gentle Credit Investment Co., Ltd
36 DELIVERANDE ST.,OFF EL OROUBA ST., NEWYORK
Dear Sir,
Thank you for your inquiry of March 20, 2011. We are glad to receiving it and to learn of the inquiries you have had for our CANNED SWEET CORN. Our CANNED SWEET CORN is particularly suitable for everyone and during the past year we have supplied this range to dealers in several tropical countries. From many of them we have already had repeat orders, in some cases more than one.
For the quantities you mention we are pleased to quote as follows: Product No: 01005
Product:CANNED SWEET CORN Description:3060Gx6TINS/CTN
Unit Price :USD 5 PER CARTON CIF NEWYORK QUANTITY:10000 CARTON S AMOUNT:USD50000
Quality: As per samples No.MBS/006 and CBS/002 submitted by seller on March 12, 2011.
Payment: By 30 days' L/C
Packing: 1 CARTON/ CARTON Means of transport: BY SEA SHIPPING MARK:
CANNED SWEET CORN U.S.A
C/NO. 1-1000 MADE IN CHINA
Shipment: Within 1 weeks of receiving L/C Port of Shipment:SHANGHAI Port of Destination:NEWYORK
Insurance: To be effected by the seller for 110% invoice value against W.P.A. & War Risk.
Documents Required:Certificate of Quality,Certificate of
Quantity/Weight,Health Certificate and Certificate of phytosanitary all in 3 originals and 3 copies
This quotation is valid for 3 days.
We feel you may be interested in some of our other products and enclose descriptive booklets for use with your customer. We are looking forward to receiving your order.
Yours truly Elton
MAP ADVERTISING LTD.
Room 403, No. 37, Sutang Residential Quarter, BaiShan District shanghai, China
FM: 44-79-34895676 TO: 86-21-64568932 范例二:
29 March 2011 MUTIK INC.
3170 POLARIS AVE.UNIT 43,LAS VEGAS NEVADA 89102
Dear Mr. JIM:
We thank you for your email enquiry for both groundnuts and Walnut meat CIF Copenhagen dated February, 21.
In reply, we offer firm, subject to your reply reaching us on or before February 26 for 250 metric tons of groundnuts, handpicked, shelled and ungraded at RMB2000 net per metric ton CIF Copenhagen and any other European Main Ports. Shipment to be made within two months after receipt of your order payment by L/C payable by sight draft.
Please note that we have quoted our most favorable price and are unable to entertain any counter offer.
As you are aware that there has lately been a large demand for the above commodities. Such growing demand will likely result in increased prices. However you can secure these prices if you send us an immediate reply. Sincerely
Curitis BOMBONIERES FROM THE HEART P.O.BOX 21A,STRATHFIELD SOUTH NSW 2136 SYDNEY 范例三:
25 March 2011
Gentle Credit Investment Co., Ltd
LEVEL 4,6-8 UNDERWOOD STREET,SYDNEY,NSW 2000
Dear Mr. Boris:
We thank you for your letter dated April 8 inquiring about our leather handbags. As requested, we take pleasure in offering you, subject to our final
confirmation, 300 dozen deerskin handbags style No.MS190 at $124.00 per dozen CIF Hamburg. Shipment will be effected within 20 days after receipt of the relevant L/C issued by your first class bank in our favor upon signing Sales Contract.
We are manufacturing various kinds of leather purses and waist belts for
exportation, and enclosed a brochure of products for your reference. We hope some of them meet your taste and needs.
If we can be of any further help, please feel free to let us know. Customers' inquiries are always met with our careful attention.
Sincerely, Drew
SUNSHINE (FAR EAST) LIMITED(
1107 PENINSULA CENTRE 67 MODY ROAD EAST TST. KOWLOON 范例四:
25 March 2011
ALCHIN LONG HARDWARE LTD.
A720 NEW WORLD APARTMENTS 24,SALISBURY RD.,NEWYORK
Dear Sir or Madam,
Thank you for your E-mail expressing your interest in our products.
With more than 4 years' experience of dealing with products of this kind, we have obtained a leading position in the trade and our sales volume has been increasing steadily each year. Therefore, we are confident that our cooperation will bring considerable profits to you.
As requested, we quote you our price as follows:
Product No:25003
Product: 24K Gold Decoration
Description: 24K Pure gold, Scape: 24.5CM, Flowers in diameter: 6.5CM, Leaves: 6CM, Gold Weight: 1g, Packaging: 1pc/box, 10boxes/carton Unit Price :USD 59 PER PC CIF NEYAGO QUANTITY:100 PCS AMOUNT:USD5900
Quality: As per samples No.2662 submitted by seller on March 10, 2011. Payment: TT AT SIGHT Packing: 10 PCS/ CARTON Means of transport: BY AIR SHIPPING MARK: 24K Gold Decoration U.S.A
C/NO. 1-10
MADE IN JAPAN
Shipment: Within THREE DAYS Port of Shipment: Nagoya
Port of Destination:NEWYORK
Insurance: To be effected by the seller for 110% invoice value against W.P.A. & War Risk.
Documents Required:Certificate of Quality in 3 originals and 3 copies
This quotation is valid for 3 days.
In addition, we have airmailed to you our latest catalogue. If any of the items arise your interest, please let us know. Your early reply is awaited.
Yours faithfully,
Yaqing Industrial Products Imp. & Exp. Corporation
UNIT 1,5/F.,WAH YIU IND.CENTRE,30-32 AU PUI WAN ST.,JAPAN.
四、还盘 ( Counter offer )
买方收到卖方的报盘后,如果不接受或者不能完全接受其交易条件,可以针对价格、支付方式。装运期等主要条件进行修改和提出不同的建议。这种修改称为还盘。
还盘实际上是受盘人以发盘人的地位发出的一个新盘,原发盘人成为新盘的受盘人。还盘又是受盘人对发盘的拒绝,发盘因对方还盘而失效,原发盘人不再受其约束。还盘可以在双方之间反复进行,还盘的内容通常仅陈述需变更或增添的条件,对双方同意的交易条件毋需重复。 范例一:
12 June 2011
UNIVERSAL TRUMPS (H.K.) CO.,LTD.
RM.708-709,7/F,INTERNATIONAL TRADE CENTRE,11-19,SHA TSUI ROAD,TSUEN WAN,N.T.
Dear Sir or Madam:
We acknowledge receipt of both your offer of May 6 and the samples of Men's Shirts, and thank you for these.
While appreciating the good quality of your shirts, we find your price is rather too high for the market we wish to supply.
We have also to point out that the Men's Shirts are available in our market from several European manufacturers; all of them are at prices from 10% to 15% below the price you quoted.
Such being the case, we have to ask you to consider if you can make reduction in your price, say 10%. As our order would be worth around US$50,000, you may think it worthwhile to make a concession. We are looking forward to your reply, Sincerely, Felix
J. MORIYAMA HAIR DESIGN
58 UPPER MONTAGU STREET, LONDON 范例二:
25 June 2011 COSMOPACK
33 EL OBOUR BLD.NASR CITY-CAIRO
Dear Sir or Madam:
We confirm having received your telex No.LT/531 of May 17, asking us to
make a 10% reduction in our price for Men's Shirts. Much to our regret, we are unable to comply with your request because we have given you the lowest possible price. We can assure you that the price quoted reflects the high quality of the products.
We still hope to have the opportunity to work with you and any further enquiry will receive our prompt attention.
Sincerely, Gene
NEW WORLD TRADING CO.PTY.LTD.
61-563,SOMERVILLE ROAD,WEST SUNSHINE,VIC. 范例三:
5 May 2011
CENTRECORE INTERNATIONAL LTD. 84 Kaiping Road Los Angeles,USA
Dear Sir or Madam:
We have received your price lists and have studied it carefully. However, the price level in your quotation is too high for this market, If you are prepared to grant us a discount of 10% for a quantity of 200, we would agree to your offer. You should note that some price cut will justify itself by an increase in business. We hope to hear from you soon.
Yours faithfully LUCIA
SHERIF A.EL-WAHAB CO
HEGHZ TOWER TOMEHE SQUARE NO.5 MANSOURA
五、接受 (Acceptance)
接受是交易的一方完全同意对方的报盘或还盘的全部内容所作的肯定表示。一经接受,交易即告成立,买卖双方分别承担自己的义务。 范例一:
12 July 2011
ALCHIN LONG HARDWARE LTD.
A720 NEW WORLD APARTMENTS 24,SALISBURY RD.
Dear Sir or Madam,
We accept your counteroffer of July 7th and are pleased to confirm having concluded the transaction of the captioned goods with you. Our factory has informed us that they can.
For the quantities you mention we are pleased to quote as follows: Product No: 10004 Product: PERFUME
Description: PACKING: 1BOTTLE/BOX, 250BOTTLES/CARTON Unit Price :USD 50 PER BOTTLE CIF NEWYORK QUANTITY:1000 BOTTLE S AMOUNT:USD50000
Quality: As per samples No.dds/006 and CBS/0322 submitted by seller on March 5, 2011.
Payment: By 15 days' L/C
Packing: 250 BOTTLE S /CARTON Means of transport: BY SEA SHIPPING MARK:
CANNED SWEET CORN U.S.A C/NO. 1-4
MADE IN CHINA
Shipment: Within 1 weeks of receiving L/C Port of Shipment:SHANGHAI
Port of Destination:NEWYORK
Insurance: To be effected by the seller for 110% invoice value against W.P.A. & War Risk.
We are now enclosing here with our Sales Contract No.37G4521 in duplicate. Please countersign and return us one copy for records. We appreciate your cooperation and trust that our products will turn out to your satisfaction. Deep
AUSTIN PANG GLOVES MFG.(USA) CORP. 11937 WOODRUFF AVE.,DOWNEY CA 90241 范例二:
25 June 2011
GRACE UNION INTERNATIONAL LTD.
ROOM NO.18-19,3 FLOOR,BLOCK B,HI-TECH INDUSTRIAL CENTRE,NO.491-501 CASTLE PEAK ROAD
Dear Sirs:
Thank you for your letter of June the 8th. We have accepted your offer on the terms suggested. Enclosed our will find a special price list that we believe will meet your ideas of prices. You should note that the recent advances in raw materials have affected the cost of this product unfavorably. However, for your order we have kept our prices down. Sincerely
AITAULLAH KELAR
EAST & WEST CO.,ENGLAND 返回页首
六、装运通知 ( Shipping Advice )
出口商向进口商发出货物已于某月某日或将于某月某日装运某船的通知。装运通知的作用在方便买方购买保险或准备提货手续,其内容通常包括货名、装运数量、船名、装船日期、信用证号码等,这项通知,大多以电报方式为之,然也有
用航邮方式的。装运通知的作用在方便买方保险、准备提货手续或转售;出口商作此项通知时,有时尚附上或另行寄上货运单据副本,以便进口商明了装货内容,并防货运单据正本迟到时,可及时办理担保提货。
在装运货物后,按照国际贸易的习惯作法,发货人应立即(一般在装船后3天内)发送装运通知给买方或其指定的人,从而方便买方办理保险和安排接货等事宜。如卖方未及时发送上述装船通知给买方而使其不能及时办理保险或接货,卖方就应负责赔偿买方由此而引起的 一切损害及/或损失。
在POCIB中,货物出运后,卖方应及时发邮件告知买方,方法是在“业务联系”中新建一封邮件,业务种类选择“装运通知”。 范例一:
SHIPPING ADVICE
FROM:SUNSHINE TOY CORP.
221/18 SUNSHINE BUILDING,SHANGHAI ,CHINA
TO: WEILI INT’L TRADING CORP. DATE:AFTER 2011.3.22
RE:INVOICE NO:SUNJA 20110322
WE HEREBY INFORM YOU THAT THE GOODS UNDER THE ABOVE MENTIONED INVOICE HAVE BEEN SHIPPED.THE DETAILS OF THE SHIPPMENT ARE AS FOLLOWS:
Product No: 17001 Product: BEDSHEET
Description: 6 OZ OF ORGANIC COTTON, SIZE: 250*250CM, PACKING: 1PCS/PASTIC BAG,100PCS/CARTON Unit Price :USD 9 PER PC CIF NEWYORK QUANTITY:10000 PC S AMOUNT:USD90000
Quality: As per samples 8455 and 7ty58 submitted by seller on March 22, 2011. Payment: By 15 days' L/C Pa cking: 100PCS/CARTON Means of transport: BY SEA SHIPPING MARK: BEDSHEET
U.S.A
C/NO. 1-100 MADE IN CHINA
Port of Shipment:SHANGHAI Port of Destination:NEWYORK
DATE OF SHIPPMENT:MAR.22.2011
VESSEL’S NAME:CMA CGM NEPTVNE V.485W B/L NO:CGLSHA 0303088NA
ETD(Expected Time of Delivery):MAR.30.2011 ETA(Estimated Time of Arrival):April 10, 2011
Turcy
SUNSHINE TOY CORP. 范例二:
SHIPPING ADVICE
FROM:SHANGHAI MEIHUA BALL PEN CO.LTD 3601 MEIHUA ROAD,SHANGHAI,CHINA
TO:LINKMAX INTERNATIONAL COMPANY
ROOM:324/F HANG SAM HOUSE KING TIN COURT SHATIN ,HONGKONG DATE:20110125
RE:L/C NO:16441688<
>
WE HEREBY INFORM YOU THAT THE GOODS UNDER THE ABOVE MENTIONED INVOICE HAVE BEEN SHIPPED.THE DETAILS OF THE SHIPPMENT ARE AS FOLLOWS:
Product No: 23001 Product: RAW SUGAR
Description: Net Weight: 50KG, Quality Grade: Premium, Packed in PP woven bag
Unit Price :USD 500 PER mt CIF NEWYORK QUANTITY:10mt AMOUNT:USD5000
Quality: As per samples 7555 and 7238 submitted by seller on JAN 3, 2011. Payment: By 30 days' L/C Packing: 0.05MT/ BAG Means of transport: BY SEA SHIPPING MARK:
RAW SUGAR U.S.A
C/NO. 1-200
MADE IN CHINA
Port of Shipment:SHANGHAI Port of Destination:NEWYORK
DATE OF SHIPPMENT:jan.10.2011 VESSEL’S NAME: DANVBHVM/S009 B/L NO: CGLSHA 0303011NA
Expected Time of Delivery:110110 Estimated Time of Arrival: 110118
LULI
SHANGHAI MEZHVA BALL BEN CO.LTD 返回页首
七、指定运输公司
按FOB成交时,虽然由卖方负责订舱出运,但卖方需在合同规定的装运港和规定的期限内将货物装上买方指派的船只,为了保障货物的顺利交接,买方一般会指定一家船公司或货运代理公司,并告知卖方。
在POCIB中,FOB方式下,买方需在合同订立后、卖方订舱前发邮件告知卖方货运公司名称,方法是在“业务联系”中新建一封邮件,业务种类选择“指定运输公司”。 范例一:
20 March 2011
Gentle Credit Investment Co., Ltd
Room 403, No. 37, Sutang Residential Quarter, BaiShan District Tianjin, China
Dear Madam,
We write to inform you the shipping company we choice.
As the title says,we choose the INTERNATIONAL TRANSPORTATION CO.,LTD. to be our shipping company. We await your further reply.
Yours truly BALL
WING LEE SOURCING LTD.UK OFFICE
THE STABLES, DELAMERE HOUSE, GREAT WYMONDLEY, HITCHIN, HERTFORDSHIRE
一、贸易函电的组成部分和格式
1、组成部分:
(1)、信头 Letterhead
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China National Cereals, Oils and Foodstuffs Imp & Exp Corp. 8 Jianguomen Nei Dajie
Beijing 10005, China
Telephone: 86-10-6526-8888 Fax: 86-10-6527-6028 E-mail:carl@cofco.com.cn
(2)、案号 Reference
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Your ref:CNN/011
Our ref:12345/XY
(3)、日期 Date
美语表示法:May 15,2011 ? 英语表示法:26 July 2011
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(4)、封内地址 The inside address
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这里就是指收信人的姓名和地址,一般写在信笺的左上方。收信人名称地址的格式
和信头的格式相同,但必须把收信人的姓名一并写出。另外,如果不是完全公事化的书信往来,或者已经从公事的关系渐渐发展成为带有私人性质的友好信件往来,由于称呼这一栏的内容已经说明了收信人的身份,所以可以不必填写封内地址。
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例如:
Personnel Department
Westminster Production Co. 51 High Street
Anytown,MN55106 USA
(5)、注意项 Attention line
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通常,当收信人的名字没有出现在信内地址中的时候,你就应该使用注意项来提及
具体收信人的名字,以标明信是真正写给谁的。“attention”或“for the attention of”应大写打出或加下划线。注意项一般放在封内地址和称呼之间,或包括在封内地址里面。 例如:
ATTENTION: MR.ROBERT
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(6)、称呼 The salutation
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指对收信人的一种称呼。较常使用的有Dear Sirs, Dear Madam, Dear Mr. XX,。称
呼后面的标点,一般既可使用冒号也可使用逗号。称呼里的第一个字母要大写。如果你与收信人关系密切,可以直呼其名。 例如:
Dear Sir or Madam: Dear Bill Stevenson,
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(7)、事由 The subject line
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事由也就是我们通常说的主题,可以直接写明信件的重点,让人不必读完全信才了
解到信的内容。所以事由要写得简明扼要。如果有必要,标题可加下划线或用大写字母打印。 例如:
SUBJECT:ACCOUNT NO.222
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(8)、正文 The body of the letter
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信文是每封信中最重要的部分,它包含着你要传达给收件人的重要信息。尽管有时
一封信仅寥寥数语,但还是要遵循三段式的格式。第一段引入主题,它应该一下就抓住读者的注意力,并有助于诱发读者的积极反应。第二段是详细讨论。最后一段与第一段同样重要,它通常是一个总结,讨论或进一步的要求。 例如:
Thank you for your interest in our latest Personal Digital Assistant Type III-H. As requested, we offer you 500 sets of PDA at USD140 per set FOB Inchon for shipment in February, 20- . We require payment by L/C.
Because there is an increasing demand for this product, our price is non-negotiable. We look forward to your reply.
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(9)、信尾敬语 The complimentary close
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信尾敬语以友好的方式结束全信,它通常放在正文下面第三行,齐头式靠左对齐,
缩格式偏右。如果称呼是Dear Sir,Dear Madam,Ladies and Gentlemen,结尾语要较正式:Faithfully yours,Yours cordially。如果称呼中使用了客气的头衔,而且提到了姓名:dear Mr.Smith, Dear Dr.Hamilton ,可以使用比较随便一些的敬语,如:Sincerely yours,Yours respectfully, Yours truly。敬语的结尾标点符号是逗号,注意第一个词的首字母为大写。 例如:
Yours faithfully, Truly yours,
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(10)、签名 The signature
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位置在敬语下面空三行,签上写信人的名字,中间的空行留做手签写名之用,打出
的签名正体可以清楚地显示是谁写的信。如果是传统的信件,写信人最好亲笔签上您的名字,因为用印章的话,说明该信件并非本人亲自过目,只是通函而已,不为人重视。签名的下面,最好写上发信人的职位。 例如:
Yours faithfully, Doris Fergoson Doris Fergoson
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? (Manager)
(11)、缩写名、附件、分送标志 IEC block(initials,enclosures and carbon copies block)
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在签名下的两至三行,紧靠左边线。Initials,在商务信函中通常应标出写信者和打
信者的。写信者在左边,打信者在右边,如:HM/LZ;JT/aq。如果随信附有其他单据,你要写出都附有什么附件,其表达方法常采用缩写的形式。如:Enc. Price List;Encl. As Stated。如果一封信的副本还同时发给第三方,要写入抄送标志,如:明抄:cc Marketing Department;暗抄:bcc Mr. Simpson。 例如: HM/LZ Encl:As Stated cc:J.M.Dixon
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(12)、附言 Postscript
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在商务信函中,附言通常并非用于其原始的作用,而是作为强调某件事的一种手法。
它通常用“P.S.”的形式来表示,位于附件下面,有打印或手写两种方式。然而,应尽量避免使用附言,因为它毕竟是没有计划好的事情。 例如:
P.S. The invitation card will be posted to you in a couple of days.
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1、计算公式
其中,“其他”包括报检时申请的证书费用(“品质证书”、“健康证书”、“数量/重量证书”、“植物检疫证书”),产地证费用(包括一般原产地证书、普惠制产地证),申请鉴定费用(包括“货物运输条件鉴定书”),T/T方式下的DHL寄单费以及场地费。场地费为货物送到海关后超过7天没有出运而收取的费用,一般不会出现这种情况,可以忽略
考虑银行最低手续费的情况下,公式为:
2、公式的具体推导过程
FOB/FCA报价 ? = FOB/FCA成本 + 预期盈利额 ? = 实际采购成本 + 国内费用 + 预期盈利额 ? = 实际采购成本 + (商检费 + 报关费 + 出口税 + 银行费用 + 其他) + FOB/FCA成本 × 预期盈亏率 ? ?
其中, 预期盈亏率指期望达到的盈亏率,是一个假设的值,比如出口商希望该笔合同盈利10%,则这里的预期盈亏率就是10%,即0.1。 商检费 = FOB/FCA报价 × 报检手续费率 在没有押汇的情况下,银行费用 = FOB/FCA报价 × 银行手续费率 一般产品没有出口税,我们先忽略; “其他”费用包括报检时申请的证书费用(“品质证书”、“健康证书”、“数量/重量证书”、“植物检疫证书”),产地证费用(包括一般原产地证书、普惠制产地证),申请鉴定费用(包括“货物运输条件鉴定书”),T/T方式下的DHL寄单费以及场地费。场地费为货物送到海关后超过7天没有出运而收取的费用,一般不会出现这种情况,可以忽略; 实际采购成本、报关费、其他这几项费用的计算不涉及FOB/FCA报价,因此我们将这些费用的和设为D ? ? ? ? 代入上述公式得: FOB/FCA报价 = FOB/FCA成本 + 预期盈利额 = (D + 报检手续费 + 银行费用 )+ FOB/FCA成本 × 预期盈亏率 = (D + 报检手续费 + 银行费用 )+ (D + 报检手续费 + 银行费用 ) × 预期盈亏率 ?
设:FOB/FCA报价为x,报检手续费率为k,银行手续费率为m(不考虑最低费用),预期盈亏率设为n,代入上述公式得: x = D + kx + mx + n(D + kx + mx) 解得:
x = D(1 + n)/[1-(1 + n)(k + m)] 所以:
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在银行机构网站的“费用查询”里可以看到,银行手续费都有一个最低费用,当计算得出的银行费用 < 最低手续费时,银行费用取最低手续费: 把银行最低手续费设为F,银行手续费率为m,x为计算后所得的FOB/FCA报价
如果mx < F,则银行费用为最低手续费 F,那么: x = D + kx + F + n(D + kx + F) ?
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解得:
x = [(D + F)(1 + n)]/[1 - k(1 + n)] 所以:
FOB/FCA方式下的报价公式为:
第一步:运用公式,计算报价
在上述计算公式中: 1、实际采购成本
? 实际采购成本 = 收购价-出口退税收入 ?
收购价就是出口商从国内工厂购货所支付的费用: 收购价=国内工厂生产单价×采购数量:
国内工厂生产单价查询方法:在My City点“国内工厂”,再点“购买商品”,可查看商品的国内工厂生产价格。 ?
出口退税收入
出口退税收入= 收购价/(1+增值税率)×出口退税率 增值税率和出口退税率查询方法:在My City点“国内工厂”,再点“购买商品”,点击交易商品的编号或名称,在打开的“商品基本资料”中找到商品的H.S.编码。然后进入My City的“海关”,点“访问网站”,进入海关的机构网站,在“HS编码”中输入商品的海关编码(即H.S.编码),即可查到该商品的增值税率和退税率了 2、报关费
报关费查询方法:在My City点“海关”,再点“访问网站”,进入海关的机构网站,在“办事指南”的“费用及计算”中查询报关费用。 3、其他:
“其他”指报检时申请的证书费用、产地证费用、申请鉴定费用、T/T方式下的DHL寄单费以及场地费。
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证书费用指报检时申请的品质证书、健康证书、数量/重量证书、植物检疫证书收取的费用。
证书费用查询方法:在My City点“出入境检验检疫局”,再点“访问网站”,进入出入境检验检疫局的机构网站,在“费用查询”中可查看各项证书的费用。 ? ?
具体需要哪些证书应由进出口双方在磋商中决定,并订立在合同的“DOCUMENTS”一栏中。
产地证费用指申请一般原产地证书或普惠制产地证收取的费用。
产地证费用查询方法:在My City点“出入境检验检疫局”,再点“访问网站”,进入出入境检验检疫局的机构网站,在“费用查询”中可查看产地证书的费用。 ? ?
产地证必须要申请,并订立在合同的“DOCUMENTS”一栏中。如果进口国为美国,需申请一般原产地证书;其他国家一律申请普惠制产地证。
申请鉴定费用指出口某些化学产品,需要前往“化学材料测试中心”申请货物运输条件鉴定书收取的费用。
鉴定费用查询方法:在My City点“化学材料测试中心”,再点“访问网站”,进入化学材料测试中心的机构网站,在“服务项目”的“项目介绍”中可查询申请鉴定书的费用。 ? ?
在POCIB中,只有出口商品21001(磺胺氯哒嗪钠)时,需要申请货物运输条件鉴定书。
DHL寄单费指T/T方式下出口商寄送货运单据的费用。
寄单费用查询方法:在My City点“邮局”,再点“访问网站”,进入邮局的机构网站,在“服务指南”的“收费标准”中可查询寄单费用。 ?
场地费为货物送到海关后超过7天没有出运而收取的费用,一般不会出现这种情况,可以忽略。
4、报检手续费率:
报检手续费率查询方法:在My City点“出入境检验检疫局”,再点“访问网站”,进入出入境检验检疫局的机构网站,在“费用查询”中可查看报检手续费率为0.25%。 5、银行手续费率:
银行手续费率查询方法:在My City点“银行”,再点“访问网站”,进入银行的机构网站,在“基本费用查询”中可查看出口地银行基本费用。不同支付方式下的银行费率略有不同。例如:T/T方式下的出口地银行入账手续费率为0.1%。 6、预期盈亏率:
预期盈亏率指期望达到的盈亏率,是一个假设的值,比如出口商希望该笔合同能盈利10%,则预期盈亏率就为10%。:
然后将上述各项的值带入报价公式,计算出口报价。
第二步:计算商品单价,得出最终对外报价(FOB/FCA)
商品单价=出口报价/商品销售数量(这里的出口报价就是我们在第一步中用公式计算出的值)
计算结果可以适当四舍五入,考虑到计算单价时四舍五入对最终报价金额的影响,我们还需计算一次最终的报价金额:
对外报价(FOB/FCA)=商品单价×商品销售数量
这个对外报价(FOB/FCA)就是进出口双方即将签订的合同金额,接下来我们就要利用这个报价金额来填写出口预算表。
第三步:根据对外报价(FOB/FCA),填写出口预算表
通过上述介绍,预算表中目前所有可以填写的已知栏位如下: 1、成本栏
收购价(含税进货价款)、出口退税收入、实际采购成本 2、费用
报关费、其他 3、报价栏
对外报价(FOB/FCA)
接下来我们继续介绍预算表中剩余栏位的填写: 1、汇率:
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本币与美元
这里填写本币与美元的汇率。
POCIB中的运费一律按美元计算,此处填写本币与美元的汇率是为了方便将运费换成合同币别。
汇率查询方法:在My City点“银行”,再点“访问网站”,进入银行的机构网站,在“汇率查询及换算方法”中可查看本币与其他币别的汇率。 ?
本币与合同币别
首先选择一种币别为合同币别,然后在横线上填上汇率,以便将下面的费用换算成合同币别。 在POCIB中,可用4种国际通用币别作为合同币别,分别是:美元USD,欧元EUR,日元JPY,英镑GBP。
2、费用:
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商检费
商检费=对外报价×报检手续费率
出口税
POCIB中的商品一律没有出口税,这里填0。
银行费用
不同的支付方式银行收取的费用是不同的,具体如下: L/C方式下:
L/C方式下的出口地银行费用主要是信用证入账手续费(押汇和修改信用证的费用不算在内):
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L/C银行费用=对外报价×信用证入账手续费率 D/P方式下:
D/P方式下的出口地银行费用主要是D/P入账手续费: D/P银行费用=对外报价×D/P入账手续费率: D/A方式下:
D/A方式下银行费用主要是D/A入账手续费: D/A银行费用=对外报价×D/A入账手续费率 T/T方式下:
T/T方式下银行费用主要是T/T入账手续费: T/T银行费用=对外报价×T/T入账手续费率
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国内费用
国内费用=商检费+报关费+出口税+银行费用+其他
出口总成本(FOB/FCA成本)
出口总成本(FOB/FCA成本)=实际采购成本+国内费用
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注意: 如果合同的成交方式为FOB/FCA,出口商不必支付运费和保险费,所以出口预算表的费用栏只需填写到“FOB/FCA成本”。下面的运费及CFR/CPT成本、保费及CIF/CIP成本均无需填写。 3、报价栏:
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预期盈利额或亏损额
预期盈利额或亏损额=对外报价(FOB/FCA)—FOB/FCA成本
第四步:计算预期盈亏率,验证对外报价
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预期盈亏率
报价公式里的预期盈亏率是自己假设的,这里需要用最终对外报价重新计算盈亏率。 预期盈亏率=预期盈利额或亏损额÷总成本(FOB/FCA)
如果计算出的预期盈亏率符合最初的要求,即与最初设定的盈亏率差不多,就可以证明我们计算出的最终对外报价是正确的。出口商可以通过邮件把这个价格发给进口商,向进口商报价。
第五步:进口商填写进口预算表,核算利润
进口商收到出口商发来的报价邮件后,根据出口商的报价,填写进口预算表,核算该笔贸易的成本和利润,从而确定这个报价是否合理,自己是否能够接受。 进口预算表的填写方法请参考“进口核算”。
注意:
1、出口商把计算出的报价发送给进口商,如果对方还盘了,出口商需要用还盘的价格重新填写预算表,确定利润率。如果价格太低,出口商需重新制定一个可接受的利润率,重复上述步骤计算新的报价,直到双方达成最终价格。
2、预算表中的报价必须用最终合同上的总金额来计算,如果报价变动了就必须要修改预算表,否则会影响预算表的得分。
报价核算实例(L/C+CFR+海运)
目录 1. 1. 2. 3. 报价核算实例(L/C+CFR+海运) 背景资料 出口商报价 进口商核算 背景资料
出口商(南非):南非赛尔贸易有限公司;进口商(巴西):巴西巨宏进出口公司
双方磋商确定交易详情如下: 1. Product NO.:04003
2. Commodity: WOODCARVING-DOLLS (木雕-娃娃) 3. Quantity: 2000PCS 4. Payment: L/C
5. Price Term: CFR Rio De Janeiro
6. Transport: From Capetown To Rio De Janeiro By Sea
在“海关”机构网站查得:该商品的增值税率为17%,进口优惠关税税率为0,出口退税率为13%,没有消费税,双方磋商确定投保海运一切险。
出口商报价
汇率栏:
本币与美元:填写南非南特与美元汇率ZAR 1=USD 0.13922 本币与合同币别:选择合同币别为USD,ZAR 1=USD 0.13922
第一步: 计算报价之前,先在“My City”的相关机构网站,查询以下固定的国内费用,并将其填入预算表中,包括:
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收购价 = 国内工厂商品单价 × 交易数量= 136.22×2000= ZAR 272440
出口退税收入 = 采购成本/(1+增值税率)×出口退税率= 272440/(1+0.17)×0.13= ZAR 30271.11
实际采购成本 = 收购价-出口退税收入=272440-30271.11=ZAR 242168.89 报关费:ZAR 92
出口运费:USD 2290.2(ZAR 16450.22)
该批商品的总毛重为6600KG(6.6TNE),总体积为3.864CBM,远远装不满一个20尺集装箱,所以出口商订舱时选择拼箱(LCL)装运。在“国际货运有限公司”海运部机构网站的“航线及运费查询”中可以直接查到,开普敦至里约热内卢普通拼箱按重量(TNE)算的运费为USD347,按体积(MTQ)算的运费为USD212。按重量算:海运费A=6.6×347=2290.2。按体积算:海运费B=3.864×212=819.168。因为A>B,所以拼箱海运费为USD2290.2
? 其他:0(双方约定不申请产地证和商检证书)
第二步: 出口商把这笔合同的预期盈亏率暂定为4%,接下来,我们再看百科“报价核算”之“出口报价”里的CFR对外报价公式:
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在相关机构网站我们很快就可以查到:
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报检手续费率为0.25%,L/C方式下的出口地银行信用证入账手续费率为0.13%(最低ZAR 180),带入公式,得:
计算出的CFR报价即为合同金额,在这个报价下的银行费用=合同金额×L/C入账手续费率=270127.1×0.0013= ZAR 351.17,大于银行最低手续费ZAR 180,所以这个报价可用。
商品的单价还需要用计算出的报价即合同金额除以数量:270127.1/2000≈ZAR 135.06(USD 18.8)
第三步: 出口商将商品单价定为USD 18.8,合同金额即CFR报价也随之变动为USD 37600(合同金额=商品单价×数量=18.8×2000=USD 37600),这时所有与合同金额相关的费用就可以计算出来了,包括:
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商检费 = 合同金额×报检手续费率 =37600×0.0025=USD 94=ZAR 675.19(POCIB中的结果均保留两位小数)
银行费用 = 合同金额×L/C入账手续费率=37600×0.0013=USD 48.88=ZAR 351.1
这几项费用计算出来之后,出口预算表里的其他费用也应运而生了:
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国内费用 = 商检费+报关费+出口税+银行费用+其他=675.19+92+0+351.1+0= ZAR 1118.29
出口总成本(FOB成本)= 实际采购成本+国内费用=242168.89+1118.29=ZAR 243287.18= USD 33870.44
CFR成本 = FOB成本+出口运费=243287.18+16450.22=ZAR 259737.4(USD36160.64)
第四步: 以上我们是根据假设的4%的预期盈亏率来反推出合同报价的,最后我们通过计算“报价栏”里的盈亏额和盈亏率,来验证这个价格是否合理:
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对外报价(CFR)=ZAR 270120=USD 37600
预期盈亏额=CFR报价-CFR成本=37600-36160.64=USD 1439.36 预期盈亏率=预期盈亏额/CFR成本=1439.36/36160.64=4%
计算证明,最后的盈亏率符合预期要求。即:当商品04003的单价为USD 18.8时,出口商的盈利在4%左右。(注:此价格略低于工厂采购单价,这种情况在现实中也是存在的,这是因为商品的出口退税可抵消部分成本的原因) 此时,出口商可以把这个价格通过邮件发给进口商,给进口商报价。
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出口预算表计算公式及方法,请点击查看。
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进口商核算
进口商收到出口商发来的报价邮件后,可以根据出口商的报价(USD 18.8/PC),核算出该笔贸易的成本和利润,从而确定这个报价是否合理,自己是否能够接受。具体计算方法如下:
汇率栏:
本币与美元:填写巴西新克鲁赛罗与美元的汇率 BRC 1=USD 0.467828 本币与合同币别:选择合同币别为USD,BRC 1=USD 0.467828
根据出口商的报价,可以得出:
合同金额(CFR总价)=商品单价×数量=18.8×2000=USD 37600(BRC 80371.42)
CFR术语下,进口预算表的1-2项无需填写,我们从第3项开始计算该笔贸易的所有成本: 第3项:
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CFR成交价 =USD 37600(BRC 80371.42)
第4项:
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总保费率:8‰(在“国际保险公司”机构网站查得海运一切险的总保费率为8‰)
投保加成:110%
投保金额 = CFR货价×1.1/(1-1.1×总保费率)=80371.42×1.1/(1-1.1×0.008)= BRC 89193.46
国外保费 = 投保金额×总保费率=89193.46×0.008= BRC 713.55(USD 333.82)
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第5项:
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CIF成交价 = CFR成交价+国外保费=80371.42+713.55=BRC 81084.97(USD 37933.82)
第6项:
? 进口关税为0(在“海关”机构网站查得该商品的进口优惠关税税率为0)
第7项:
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完税成本 = CIF总价+进口关税=81084.97+0=BRC 81084.97
第8项:
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商检费 = 进口报检手续费=CFR总价×报检手续费率=80371.42×0.0025=BRC 200.93
报关费:BRC 27
消费税:0(在“海关”机构网站查得该商品的消费税率为0)
增值税 =(完税成本+消费税税额)×增值税税率=(81084.97+0)×0.17=BRC 13784.44 其他:0
国内费用 = 商检费+报关费+消费税+增值税+其他=200.93+27+0+13784.44+0=BRC 14012.37
第9项:
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信用证费用=BRC 82(在“银行”机构网站查得信用证开证手续费为BRC82) 信用证付款手续费=合同金额×信用证付款手续费率=80371.42×0.0013=BRC 104.48
银行费用=信用证费用+信用证付款手续费=82+104.48=BRC 186.48
第10项:
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总成本=7+8+9=完税成本+国内费用+银行费用 =81084.97+14012.37+186.48=BRC 95283.82
第11项:
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在“市场”查得04003的销售单价为BRC 54.81,则: 国内市场销货收入:54.81×2000=BRC 109620
第12项:
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(预期)盈亏额=国内市场销货收入-总成本=109620-95283.82=BRC 14336.18 预期盈亏率:=预期盈亏额/总成本=14336.18/95283.82=15.05%
计算得出,该笔贸易的盈亏率在15.05%左右,即:如果进口商接受出口商发来的报价(USD18.8/PC),可以盈利15.05%。当然,如果进口商觉得报价偏高或者希望赚得更高的利润,可以发邮件给出口商进行还盘,降低出口商的报价
标号 汇率 1 2 3 预算项目 FOB/FCA成交价 国外运费: CFR/CPT成交价:(=1+2) 国外保费: 总保费率: 投保加成: 投保金额: CIF/CIP成交价:(=3+4) 进口关税: 完税成本:(=5+6) 商检费: 报关费: 消费税: 增值税: 其他: 国内费用: 银行费用: 信用证费用: 信用证付款手续费: D/A、D/P付款手续费: T/T付款手续费: 总成本:(=7+8+9) 国内市场销货收入: (预期)盈亏额:(=11-10) 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 预期盈亏率: 填写说明: 首先按出口商的报价填好相应术语的成交价(如FOB术语下,先填写FOB成交价),然后依次往下按顺序计算各项费用(如CIF术语下,填写CIF成交价后继续往下填写进口税、完税成本等,前面1-4项无需填写),从而计算出总成本,再填写国内市场销货收入,最后用总市场售货收入减去总成本得出最终的利润额,若利润额为负数,按此价格成交必定亏损,需要降低报价。当然,这是以计算正确为前提的
汇率
填写汇率是为了方便后面费用的计算。汇率及换算方法在银行网站“汇率查询及换算方法”里查询。需要注意的是,汇率随时会发生变化,请留意网站新闻公告,以规避汇率风险。
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本币与美元
因为运费一律按美元算,此处填写本币与美元的汇率是为了方便将运费换成合同币别。
本币与其他币别
首先选择报价币别,然后在横线填上汇率,以方便将费用换算成报价币别。 注:这里选择的报价币别应与收到的合同币别相一致。
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成本
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首先按出口商的报价填好相应术语的成交价,具体如下:
如果报价为FOB/FCA,填写FOB/FCA成交价;如果报价为CFR/CPT,则填写CFR/CPT成交价;如果报价为CIF/CIP,则填写CIF/CIP成交价。
注:应先在汇率栏选择报价币别,填写报价后,需换算为本币,以便于计算其他费用。换算方法详见银行网站首页“汇率查询及换算方法”。
FOB/FCA成交价
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如果报价为FOB/FCA,应首先填好此处的FOB/FCA成交价,再换算成本币,换算方法详见银行网站首页“汇率查询及计算方法”。
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国外运费
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如果报价是FOB/FCA,填好FOB/FCA成交价后需依次往下填写国外运费。 运费计算方法详见国际货运有限公司海运部网站首页“办事指南”下的“海运费计算方法”或者空运部网站首页“办事指南”下的“空运费计算方法及例题”。
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CFR/CPT成交价
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如果报价为CFR/CPT,首先填好此项,再换算成本币,换算方法详见银行网站首页“汇率查询及计算方法”。;如果报价为FOB/FCA,3=1+2,也就是CFR/CPT成本价=FOB/FCA成交价+国外运费;如果报价为CIF/CIP,此项无需填写,直接填写CIF/CIP成本价。
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国外保费
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保费是交给本国保险公司的,所以都以本币计算,填写保费前,应先填写总保费率、投保加成率、投保金额,再计算保险费。 (1) 总保费率
各险别的保险费率可在国际保险公司网站首页下方“业务介绍”项下“保险条款费率表”中查询。
总保费率等于各投保险别保险费率之和。至于投保险别,应在合同条款里面具体规定。因此,在交易磋商阶段,需商定好投保险别。 注意:
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a. 因一切险(或A险)已包括了所有一般附加险的责任范围,所以在投保一切险(或A险)时,保险公司对一般附加险的各险别不会再另收费,所以一般附加险的保险费率不用另外计入。
b. 投战争险或者罢工险或两个都投保险费率都是按0.8‰算。
c. 航空运输保险的基本险别分为航空运输险和航运一切险,附加险为空运货物战争险、附加险等。在POCIB中一般选择航运一切险+战争险+罢工险,具体请参考“航空运输货物保险条款”
例1:投保一切险、战争险和罢工险,计算总保费率
查得一切险的保费率为8‰,战争险和罢工险都是0.8‰,总保费率=8‰+0.8‰=8.8‰
例2:投保航运一切险、战争险和罢工险,计算总保费率 查得航运一切险的保费率为3.5‰,战争险和罢工险都是0.8‰,总保费率=3.5‰+0.8‰=4.3‰
(2)投保加成
投保加成是为了保障被保险人的利润和已支付费用的补偿。因为若直接以CIF/CIP价值作为保险金额,当保险标的发生损失时,被保险人的利润和已经发生的费用并不能得到赔偿。所以,允许保险金额在CIF/CIP成交价的基础上适当加成,一般投保加成为110%,当然,出口人也可以根据进口人的要求与保险公司约定不同的保险加成率。
注意:POCIB中投保加成可以定为110%、120%或130% (3)投保金额
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投保金额=CIF/CIP成交价×投保加成 只有CFR/CPT或FOB/FCA方式下才需要计算进口保费,需先换算成CIF/CIP价再计算投保金额,假设总保费率为r,投保加成为110%,则(推导过程略):
? 投保金额=CFR/CPT成交价×1.1 / (1 - 1.1 × r)
? 投保金额=(FOB/FCA成交价 + 运费)×1.1 / (1 - 1.1 × r) 注意:如果投保加成为120%或130%,只需将上述公式中1.1换成1.2或1.3即可
? ? (4)保险费
保险费=保险金额×保险费率 注:保险公司网站首页的“保险知识”栏目下“如何计算保险费”里也有具体的计算方法和例题,请查看。
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CIF/CIP成交价
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如果报价为CIF/CIP,直接将报价填至此栏,再换算成本币,换算方法详见银行网站首页“汇率查询及计算方法”。
如果报价为FOB/FCA或CFR/CPT,需计算CIF/CIP成交价,具体计算方法为: CIF/CIP成交价=3+4=CFR/CPT成交价+国外保费
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进口关税
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进口关税=该项商品CIF/CIP总价×进口关税税率,CIF/CIP总价即为CIF/CIP成交价。
进口关税税率查询方法:在海关网站首页点击“HS编码”,输入商品海关编码进行查询。进口关税分为普通关税和优惠税,POCIB中统一采用优惠税(例如输入商品02001的海关编码6107210000,查到普通进口关税为90%,优惠税为14%)。如果一笔合同涉及到多项商品,则须分别计算再累加。
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完税成本
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7=5+6,即完税成本=CIF/CIP成交价+进口关税
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国内费用
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国内费用B为以下(1)到(5)各项费用的总和。
注意:一些费用的计算需要用到合同金额,因此计算前要先填好报价额。
? (1)商检费
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在出入境检验检疫局网站首页的“费用查询”中可以查到,进口商检费只包括报检手续费。
例:一个中国外贸公司办理一笔进口报检,出口商报价(CIF)为USD 38562.8,试计算商检费用。
解:第一步,在出入境检验检疫局网站查到进口报检手续费为货值的0.25% 得:进口报检手续费=38562.8×0.25%=USD 96.407
第二步,在银行网站中查得,人民币对美元的汇率为0.12839,将进口报检手续费换算成人民币得:96.407/0.12839=750.89(保留两位小数),即商检费为 RMB 750.89 (2)报关费
在海关网站的首页“办事指南”下“费用及计算”中可以查到。 (3)消费税
在海关网站首页点击“HS编码”,输入商品海关编码进行查询(例如输入商品
10001的海关编码3304100000,查到消费税从价计算,为价格的30%)。如果一笔合同涉及到多项商品,则须分别计算再累加。如果没有显示,则没有消费税。可得:
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从价商品消费税=(该项商品CIF/CIP总价+进口关税税额)×消费税税率/(1 - 消费税税率)=完税成本×消费税税率/(1 - 消费税税率) ? 从量商品消费税=应征消费税的商品数量×消费税单位税额 ? ? ?
(4)增值税
在海关网站首页点击“HS编码”,输入商品海关编码进行查询(例如输入商品
20005海关编码6108310000,查到增值税率为17%)。如果一笔合同涉及到多项商品,则须分别计算再累加。可得:
? 商品增值税=(该项商品CIF/CIP总价+进口关税税额+消费税税额)×增值税税率=(完税成本+消费税税额)×增值税税率 (5)其他
在POCIB中,目前暂没有其他费用,此项可填“0”。
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银行费用
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首先确定好付款方式,L/C方式下需要填写信用证费用和开证手续费,D/P、D/A方式下需要计算托收手续费,T/T方式下需要计算电汇手续费。各项银行费用在银行网站首页左边“基本费用查询”中查询。总的银行费用为以下各项费用之和:
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(1)信用证费用
这里的信用证费用包括开证手续费和信用证修改手续费,其中,开证手续费在银行网站首页“基本费用查询”里查询,信用证付款手续费计算方法如下: (2)信用证付款手续费
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信用证付款手续费=成交金额×信用证付款手续费率 其中,成交金额为报价金额,信用证付款手续费率在银行网站首页\基本费用查询\里查询。
(3)D/A、D/P付款手续费
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D/P付款手续费=成交金额×D/P付款手续费率 D/A付款手续费=成交金额×D/A付款手续费率 D/P、D/A付款手续费率请查看银行网站首页“基本费用查询”。 (4) T/T付款手续费 此项填写T/T付款手续费 T/T付款手续费=成交金额×T/T付款手续费率 具体费用和计算方法请查看银行网站首页“基本费用查询”。
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总成本
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即总成本=7+8+9=完税成本+国内费用+银行费用
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国内市场销货收入
在“My City”市场里查询产品的销货价格,乘以数量即得出国内市场销货收入。 返回页首
盈亏
盈亏额=11-10=国内市场销货收入-总成本 预期盈亏率=盈亏额/总成本
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预期盈亏率为进口商对于该笔合同期望达到的盈亏率,这里计算出的盈亏率若达不到期望盈亏率的要求,可通过邮件磋商,要求对方重新报价