2012年全国“挑战杯”大学生课外学术科技作品竞赛
2012 National “Challenge Cup”Competition for college students’extracurricular academic and technology works
面向农户收益的农产品流通方式研究
——基于农产品交易成本视角下的思考
Research On Profitable Agricultural Products Circulation For Peasants
—— Reflection on Perspective Of Agricultural Products Transaction Cost
完成日期：2012年11月28日
Complete On ： 2012/11/28
目 录
摘要 ············································································································ 4 英文摘要 ······································································································ 5
面向农户收益的农产品流通方式研究
——基于农产品交易成本视角下的思考
1 导论 ········································································································· 6 1.1选题的背景及意义 ··················································································· 6 1.2研究的思路和方法 ··················································································· 8 1.2.1研究思路 ···························································································· 8 1.2.2研究方法 ···························································································· 9 1.3理论综述与文献回顾 ················································································ 9 1.3.1理论综述 ···························································································· 9 1.3.2文献回顾 ·························································································· 10 2 农产品价格构成及利润分配的理论研究 ························································· 10 2.1 农产品的概念、范围及分类 ····································································· 10 2.2本文研究的典型农产品代表 ····································································· 11 2.2.1农产品价格的基本构成及形成机制 ························································ 11
2.2.2国内农产品利润控制主体和农民成本-收益分析 ········································· 11
2.3国内农产品典型流通方式分析 ·································································· 15 2.4调研小组第一阶段实地调研案例分析 ························································· 17 2.4.1调研研究对象的理论分析和调查假设 ····················································· 17 2.4.2宜昌到武汉各地蔬菜价格对比 ······························································· 20 2.4.3宜昌蔬菜生产基地到本市及武汉的流通成本分析 ····································· 23 2.4.4武汉市流通渠道透视 ··········································································· 25 2.4.5武汉市消费者蔬菜购买行为分析···························································· 27 2.4.6调研第一阶段的结论 ··········································································· 29 3 农产品交易成本理论 ················································································· 30 3.1交易成本的界定····················································································· 30 3.1.1交易成本的由来和发展 ········································································ 30 3.1.2交易成本、流通方式和农民收益的关系 ·················································· 30 3.1.3农户交易成本的组成和影响因素···························································· 31 3.2本文对武汉农产品交易成本指标的选择 ······················································ 33 3.3交易成本对农民选择初级交易方式的影响 ··················································· 38 3.3.1农产品销售方式的界定 ········································································ 38 3.3.2国内外学者对影响的分析与预测···························································· 39 3.4交易成本经济学视角：中介组织流通销售的必然性 ······································· 42 3.5古典经济学视角：信息、利益的博弈下中介组织的利润“败德” ····················· 49 4基于交易成本的调研方案与模型构建及分析 ···················································· 52 4.1调研基本情况介绍 ················································································· 52 4.1.1调研目的 ·························································································· 52
2012年全国“挑战杯”大学生课外学术科技作品竞赛
2
面向农户收益的农产品流通方式研究
——基于农产品交易成本视角下的思考
4.1.2调研方式和方法 ················································································· 52 4.1.3调研对象和地点 ················································································· 53 4.1.4调研时间安排 ···················································································· 56 4.2调研方案所基于的假设 ··········································································· 57 4.3农产品交易成本调研 ·············································································· 58 4.3.1东西湖区惠安村调研情况 ····································································· 58 4.3.2其他地点调研情况介绍 ········································································ 59 4.4数据来源和统计····················································································· 60 4.5研究方法 ······························································································ 63 4.5.1研究所基于的流通方式等级分类···························································· 64 4.5.2研究方法 ·························································································· 67 4.5.3变量描述性分析 ················································································· 70 5 估计结果与分析及其检验 ··········································································· 72 5.1估计结果分析与假设验证 ········································································ 72 5.2效度检验 ······························································································ 77 6结论与政策启示 ························································································ 77 附录一：武汉市消费者购买行为及需求问卷 ······················································ 81 附录二：对武汉市蔬菜供给地之一宜昌夷陵农业区农户问卷 ································· 82 附录四：农户调查问卷采访稿 ········································································ 85 附录四：调研地点简介 ················································································· 88 附录五：调研期间部分采访稿 ········································································ 90 附录六：调研期间实地图片 ··········································································· 91 参考文献 ···································································································· 98
摘 要
近年来，中国农产品进入了一个明显的价格上升阶段，但农民并未从中获得明显收益。相反，蔬菜、水果等鲜活农产品价格
2012年全国“挑战杯”大学生课外学术科技作品竞赛
3
面向农户收益的农产品流通方式研究
——基于农产品交易成本视角下的思考
不稳定，“卖难买贵”、“滞销”等现象屡见不鲜，关于农产品流通问题的研究已然成为专家学者和社会广泛关注的热门课题。许多学者在农产品流通方面做了研究，然而多数处于摸索阶段，在理论基础和对策的可行性方面还有待进一步发展。本文深入了解研究了农产品流通的相关理论，在总结前人研究的基础上，选定了交易成本理论作为我们的切入点，经过假设、分析、修正的过程，建立了农产品流通方式本质分析体系，并利用该体系对武汉市、宜昌市不同组织模式的农户进行了实证分析。
本文首先阐述了农产品的价格构成及各环节利润分配，然后就交易成本理论重点展开分析，提出理论假设。在研究方法上，本文主要采用问卷调查法、实地调研法等方法，取得第一手数据，并运用SPSS18.0软件和Probit模型对问卷进行了项目分析、信度分析，保证了问卷的可靠性和稳定性。同时，运用本研究构建的交易成本理论体系，对湖北省宜昌市和武汉市农产品供应基地、批发市场和超级市场农产品的五种流通方式的交易成本调查数据进行了系统深入地析，研究结果表明，农民组织化程度低、农产品信息不对称、流通环节过多成为了农民进入市场共享利益的主要障碍，因此结合国内外经验，提出改革传统流通方式，发展新型的农业流通领域合作组织、形成具有规模效益的流通模式与创造良好的制度环境的发展思路。
[关键词]：农产品价格； 流通方式 ；交易成本； 农民组织化程度； 武汉农产品生产基地
Abstract
In recent years, China's agricultural products have moved into a significant price
2012年全国“挑战杯”大学生课外学术科技作品竞赛
4