★lend v. 借给 lend to（借出）：lend sth. to sb/lend sb. sth.
Can you lend me $20 please? I’ll pay/give it back tomorrow. borrow from（借进）：borrow sth. from sb./borrow sth. （borrow不能用 borrow sb sth.） He borrowed my pen yesterday. He hasn’t given me it yet.
★decision n. 决定
make /take a decision作出决定
It was not easy for me to make/take this decision. Are you made/taken a decision?
make a big/great decision (big：重大；great：伟大, 更重大) decide v. 决定
★whole adj. 整个的
a whole bottle of milk 一整瓶牛奶
the whole?，the whole day 整天 ，two whole weeks 整整两星期 all th?，all the day (the可省略) 整天
all of后面如果加代词, 代词前面不需要修饰词；一旦要加名词, 前面一定要加the all of us；all of the students
★single adj. 唯一的, 单一的 反义词 : double 双倍的
【Text】
Postcards always spoil my holidays. Last summer, I went to Italy. I visited museums and sat in public gardens. A friendly waiter taught me a few words of Italian. Then he lent me a book. I read a few lines, but I did not understand a word. Everyday I thought about postcards. My holidays passed quickly, but I did not send cards to my friends. On the last day I made a big decision. I got up early and bought thirty-seven cards. I spent the whole day in my room, but I did not write a single card!
参考译文：
明信片总搅得我假日不得安宁. 去年夏天, 我去了意大利. 我参观了博物馆, 还去了公园. 一位好客的服务员教了我几句意大利语, 之后还借给我一本书. 我读了几行, 但一个字也不懂. 我每天都想着明信片的事. 假期过得真快, 可我还没有给我的朋友们寄过一张明信片. 到了最后一天, 我作出了一项重大决定. 我早早起了床, 买来了37张明信片. 我在房间里关了整整一天. 然而竟连一张明信片也没写成!
【课文讲解】
1、Last summer, I went to Italy. last：
① adj. 上一个
last summer里的last表示 “上一个”
② adj. 最后一个，表示“最后一个”时要加冠词the
the last day 最后一天 （具体到一天及一天的早中晚都要用on）
2、A friendly waiter taught me a few words of Italian.
Italian[????????]于Italy[??????] : 注意重读音的位置不同
teach sb. sth. 教某人做某事 He teaches our English.(错) He teaches us English.(对)
语言不可数, 所以要用a little Italian或a few words of Italian I can speak a little English/a few words of English. a few可与复数可数名词连用，表示肯定，含有some，a small number of（一些，少数几个）的意思。 The police would like to ask him a few questions. 警察要问他一些问题。
3、Everyday I thought about postcards.
think about/of 考虑, 思考，指某一段时间一直在想/考虑某事, think of还可指想到 What do you think of?
What do you think of TV program last night?
What do you think of the weather today? 你觉得天气怎么样? think over 仔细考虑，反复思考
What’s the weather like today? cold, chilly（非常非常冷）, freeze I'll freeze.我要冻僵了
4、I spent the whole day in my room, but I did not write a single card! spend与表示时间的词或短语连和时，意思为“花（时间）”、“度过” spend+时间+地点 : 在什么地点我花费/度过了多少时间 I spend three hours in the sea.
I spend my weekend at my mother's.
I spend three hours in the classroom everyday. I spend a lot of time in traffic jam.(交通堵塞) spend还可以表示“花钱”
If we spend all the money, we’ll be poor again. I can’t spend any more on this car.
【Key structures】
一般过去时
一般过去时通常表示过去发生的而现在已经结束的事件、动作或情况。它通常指动作何时发生，而不指动作持续多久。
Do you ever catch a cold in the winter? Yes, I caught a cold last winter.
【Special Difficulties】
直接宾语与间接宾语
双宾语：直接宾语(表示动作结果，动作所涉及的事物)和间接宾语(动作目标，动作是谁做的或为谁做的，通常是人)。间接宾语大多数情况下置于直接宾语之前，如果间接宾语在后，间接宾主前必须加“to”（表示动作对什么人做）或“for”（表示动作为什么人而做）。
give sb. sth./give sth to sb
间接宾语在后面时, 其前必须加to(对??而言)或for(为??而做)。可以翻译为“给”、“替”、“为”的，就用for；如果只能翻译为“给”的, 就用to
与to相连的give, take, pass, read, sell, buy，pay，hand，bring，show，promise，offer，owe take flowers to my wife.
与for相连的 buy, order, make, find I buy a book for you .
make a cake for you find sth. for sb.
do sb. a favor 帮某人一个忙
Do me a favor please./Do a favor for me? 帮我一个忙 I do something for you.
Can I order something for you?
Can I buy you a bottle of beer ? 意为我请你喝杯酒的意思
【Multiple choice questions】
4 ___a___ him a few words of Italian? The waiter.
a. Who taught b. Who did teach c. What did he teach d. Whom did he teach 人做主语提问——who 对宾语提问——whom
who既可以对主语提问也可以对宾语提问, 而whom只能对宾语提问
如果对主语提问, 则句子的语序和陈述句语序一样；如果对非主语来提问, 则句子要使用特殊疑问词+一般疑问句的语序
Who/Whom did the waiter teach a few words of Italian?
5 He was a friendly waiter. He spoke to the writer ___d___ . a. friend b. as friends c. like friends He spoke to the writer like a friend.
d. in a friendly way
in...way :以...方式
作为状语表示这个人做什么事情很友好, 用短语in a friendly way
7 He spent the whole day in his room. He was in his room ___c___ day. a. the hole b. the all
c. all
d. all of
all (the) day
all of 后面如果加代词, 代词前面不需要修饰词all of us；一旦要加名词, 前面一定要加the all of the friends all of my friends all of the students
10 On the last day he made a big decision. It was the ___a___ day of his holiday. a. final b. end c. latest d. bottom final——形容词 end——名词/动词 latest——形容词 bottom——名词 latest adj. 最新的
latest news；latest style 新款
11 He made a big decision. He ___b___ .
a. thought about it b. made up his mind c. changed his mind d. made a wish think about:考虑、思考、想 make up one's mind:下定决心
change one's mind:改变主意 make a wish : 许个心愿, 愿望, 许愿
Lesson 4 An exciting trip
【New words and expressions】（6）
exciting adj. 令人兴奋的
receive firm
different centre abroad
v. 接受，收到 n. 商行，公司 adj. 不同的 n. 中心 adv. 在国外
★exciting adj. 令人兴奋的
exciting adj. 令人兴奋的；excited adj. 兴奋的 -ed: 自己感到 / -ing:令人感到 The news exciting.
exciting boy 令人兴奋的男孩 I am excited. excite v. 激动
interesting adj. 令人感到有趣的；interested adj. 感到有意思的 interesting man
The man is interesting.
interest v. 对??感兴趣
The book interests me. 那本书让我感到很有趣
★receive v. 接受, 收到 ① vt. 接到，收到，得到
When did you receive that letter? ② vt. 招待，接待
You need a large room if you are going to receive so many guests.
receive是“收到”，指的是一个被动的动作，主观上接受与否不清楚。 receive/have a letter from sb.
accept 同意接收
This morning I received a bunch of flowers from a boy,but I didn't accept it. take则是主动的“拿”、“取”
I received a beautiful pen from my uncle. My brother took it from me yesterday. take 也可以作收到
take the exam 接受考试； take advice 接受建议
★firm n. 商行, 公司 company n. 公司
★different adj. 不同的
① adj. 不同的，相异的（经常与from连用）
We are planning something different this year. 我们今年有不同的打算。
（这类动词的宾语一定是人，让后面的人感到??）
The news excited me.