42. What should the ship’s Night Orders include? How often do you prepare the Night Orders? Do well-prepared Night Orders mean you can have a good sleep?
The ship’s Night Orders should include such information as sailing courses, anti-collision warning, some precautions, watch keeping point, dangerous cargo orders, sailing warning in special areas etc. the Master should prepare a Night Order every night before he goes to sleep.
Even I have well prepared night orders, I shall still be on high alert when the vessel is sailing in some dangerous areas (i.e. areas with low
visibility, some narrow straits, along the seacoast and the pending arrival at the port, etc.)
这是一个船东非常关心的问题，因为这涉及到船舶的行驶安全，船长必须能熟练说出。 43. When new crews come on board, what training will you offer to them? First, I will get them familiar with the whole vessel, including the equipment, the personnel and documents. Second, I will ask them to get familiar with their respective duties. Third, I will get them trained on the safe operation and emergency procedures and so on.
新上船员的培训既要符合国际规则的要求，也要符合公司体系文件的要求。此外，船长也要根据情况安排相应的培训内容。
44. What are the three grades of bulk carriers according to their size? Generally, they are classified into three types: Handy size, Panamax size and Cape size. The Handy size bulker is less than 60,000 tons in deadweight tonnage. The Panamax size bulker is between 60,000 to 70,000 tons, usually carrying usual cargoes such as coal, Bauxite (铝土矿), Borax (硼砂), Cement, Grain, Tapioka, Copra (椰子肉)，pellet, Lime Stone and so on. The Cape size is more than 80.000 in deadweight tonnage, and 106 feet in breadth, and the cargo usually carried by this type of a bulker are iron ore, pellet, and Coal.
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45. How do you know that the sea chart is up-to-date? How do you get the latest Notice to Mariner?
I need to check the charts correction log and the charts concerned to make sure the chart is updated.
Normally the company sends the Notice to Mariner periodically and
automatically to the ship. I will send a requisition to the company if the Notice to Mariner is not being received.
46. What is the DCPA during passage, in fairways, in the strait, and inside ports?
At sea, the closest point of approach (DCPA) is two miles; in the strait, the shortest distance between the two ships is the new course distance. The safe anti-collision clearance between two vessels also depends on such factors as weather condition, the sizes of the two vessels and so on. 47. How do you treat the engine bilge water?
The engine bilge water can by no means be pumped out into the sea directly. If it has to be pumped out, it must be properly treated through the oily water separator.
If there is too much engine bilge water, the Chief Engineer will report it to me. I will then ask for instructions from the owner. With the owner’s approval and confirmation, the bilge water may be transferred into the fuel oil tank or ask for shore assistance.
48. Do you know something about the ILO? What is ILO 147? Do you have any experience with ITF? What is your policy in dealing with them and what is your company’s policy in dealing with them?
The ILO is the International Labour Organization and the ITF is the International Federation for Transport Workers.
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ILO Convention 147 is The Merchant Shipping (Minimum Standards) Convention, 1976 (No. 147) (and its Protocol of 1996). This rule is made by the
International Labor Organization Conference. In this Convention, the minimum internationally acceptable labor standards for seamen in merchant ships are stipulated. Convention No. 147 requires the flag State to adopt minimum standards relating to safety, social security, and shipboard conditions of employment and living arrangements to be observed in merchant shipping registered under any flag.
It is very important to tell the seamen not to approach the ITF personnel actively. The Master should instruct his crew to answer the questions in accordance with the ship owner’s and the manning agent’s instructions if the ITF inspectors approach the vessel and talk with the crew. The Master himself should know very well the company’s policy in dealing with the ITF. Anyway, the Master and his crew should deal with them very cautiously so as to avoid any possible disputes for the ship owner. As a employee of the shipowner and the manning agent.
ILO和ITF是涉及到船员利益的两个国际组织，船长应对此有粗略的了解。 49. What should bridge orders include? What are the contents of the standing order and what are night orders?
Bridge order includes Standing Order and Night Order.
The master shall include the following contents in the standing order: Master’s requirements for the conduct of watch keeping personnel
(1) Define the master’s requirements on the duties of officers on watch (2) Define the master’s requirements for the actions in case of emergency situations
(3) Procedures at times of reduced visibility
(4) Special requirements with regards to the ship and its trade
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The master shall regularly enter into the Bridge Order Book-no matter at sea or at anchor. The entry in the Bridge Order Book shall include the instructions on the safe navigation at the time when the master intends to take rest, as well as any other necessary instructions. This shall include: (1) A brief description of the navigational plan with details of the courses to be followed and charts to be used
(2) Points which require special consideration (strong currents, cross traffic etc.)
(3) The time and position when the master is to be called to the bridge (4) The position where the ship has to report to traffic or port control (5) The position where the notice has to be given to engine room (one hour notice, stand by engine etc.)
(6) Details of any other activities during the night period (tank cleaning, gas freeing, watch on IG pressure, repair work, launch calls, etc). The master shall finish his night order before he is going to take sleep. 50. Normally, what ranks cannot be relieved for vacation together? Considering the operation and safety of the vessel, normally the following ranks cannot be relieved together: The Master and the Chief Officer. The Chief Engineer and the First Engineer.
The Chief Officer should complete the handover procedure after completion of cargo operation and related documentation unless he is relieved on some other occasions where is no cargo operation. Besides, senior engineers should not hand over their duties before or when any major repair or maintenance work is underway.
The relieved engineers or officers should prepare handover notes to the relieving personnel. Copies of the Master and Chief Engineer’s handover
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