doubtful, the Master has to clarify the orders immediately. When necessary, the Master shall command the ship’s navigation himself.
引航员在船引航时并没有解除船长和船员对于船舶安全的责任是ISM体系特别强调的一点，船长应该熟知并让每位船员熟知。
20. What should the Mater do if he is unsure about his legal standing in a foreign country or a strange port?
He must contact the company at once for advice. He should also, if necessary, consult the local correspondent of the owner’s P & I and the local agent of the ship who can provide advice and assistance.
绝大多数船东希望远在海上的船员能及时和船东沟通，并把一些解决不了或不是很明白的问题及时向他们报告。当然，和船东公司在各个国家和港口代理的沟通也十分重要。 21. What should the Master do if the figures of the loaded quantity are abnormally different from those on the bills of lading?
The Master should report the case to the ship owner as soon as possible. At the discretion of the company, the Master should prepare and send a Latter of Protect to the notary surveyor or terminal/port authority under the instruction of the ship owner. In such case, the Master should also require further measurements and calculations and calculations to be made. 22. What contents are shown on the Bill of Lading if the ship is loaded with bulk cargo?
Usually, the following items are shown on the Bill of Lading (B/L): measure, quality, quantity, condition, contents and valve unknown etc.. Different companies may have different formats for their respective B/L. A B/L consists of three original copies that have the same legal validity. The first copy the consignee shows will deny the validity of the validity of the other two copies.
23. Do you know the insurance coverage provided by a P & I Club?
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A P&I Club is a non-profit association of ship owners that provides mutual insurance against maritime risks. It covers the risks that are not covered by the Hull Insurer, such as personnel illness and injury, cargo damage, collision with another vessel, stowaways and refugees, damage to fixed or floating objects, pollution and so on.
24. Could you explain what the SOLAS 74 and MARPOL 73/78 are? What is the relation between SOLAS 74 and ISM Code?
SOLAS is the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea. It is the most important international convention on the safety of life at sea made and passed by IMO. The ISM Code is listed as Chapter 9of the SOLAS 74. It is to ensure safety of the ship, the seamen, the port and the cargo, as well as the marine environment.
MARPOL 73/78 is the International Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution. This is the most important international convention on the protection of marine environment.
几个国际公约的名称，特别是全称应该了如指掌。对公约主要条款更应该知道。现在，ISM CODE因列为SOLAS公约第9章而变成强制性执行的公约，对ISM CODE的目的、主要内容尤其要有比较深入的了解。
25. Prior to a ship’s departure, what tests should be made and logged in the Ship’s Log Book?
Some of the key test to be done before sailing: a) Steering gear test
b) Ship’s clocks and engine telegraph tests and harmonization c) Interval, external and portable communication equipment test d) The whistle and navigational lights tests
e) Relevant electronic position-fixing equipment (ARPA, RADAR, GMDSS) test
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f) Any other tests that the Master thinks necessary
26. How often at least should the Emergency Steering Drill be held? It should be held at least every three months. But actually, the more often the drill is done, the better.
But before entering into some ports, for example, in the US where PSC inspections are very strict, it is very important to have drills prior to entry.
27. How do you maintain the minimum under keel clearance (MUKC) when the vessel is during passage, in fairways and inside ports?
During the passage, the MUKC should be at least more than 20% of load draft; in fairway, 10% of load draft; inside the ports, 10% of load draft, or as regulated by port authority.
富余水深的多少因不同的船、不同的港口、不同的航区的规定而异，但是，为了确保航行安全，船长应在心中有大致数字。
28. What are the Master’s responsibilities on garbage disposal? The Master shall ensure that the posters with a summary of regulations on garbage disposal at sea is clearly displayed in the ship’s galley, on the information boards and in any other places where garbage is collected prior to disposal. The Master shall discuss the subject of shipboard garbage management with the crew at safety meetings. The Master shall check the garbage disposal situation on board thoroughly from time to time. The Master shall also nominate a specific person in charge of the garbage disposal. 29. Can you describe the garbage disposal procedures on board your last vessel? How did you classify the garbage on board?
Four steps should be followed: collection, processing (separation), storage, and disposal.
The garbage can be divided into three kinds:
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Plastics and plastic mixed with other materials Food and accommodation waste
Other garbage that can not be disposed in the sea, e.g. , plastic and plastic materials.
垃圾的处理涉及到防污染问题。各个公司的ISM手册对于垃圾的处理都规定了非常严格的程序。垃圾当然也有明确的分类，如有的公司要求把垃圾分成三类、有的分成四类、有的分成六类等。船东主要看备选船员在防污染方面是否重视。因为一旦给某些港口造成污染，船东是会受到重罚的。
30. What are sensitive cargoes as defined by the P & I Club?
The cargoes that are particularly susceptible to moisture for sensitive cargoes. Special attention is required for sensitive cargoes. The P&I Club defines the following cargoes as sensitive cargoes: cement , grain, and sugar and so on.
31. Before the commencement of each voyage, which parts of the vessel should be checked?
Cargo holds, hatch coves, ventilation system, tank-top, hold lighting, fire fighting and detector appliances, bilge ,sounding pipes, air pipes, cargo gears (hooks, grabs, slings, wires) and the relevant machinery should be checked carefully in order to ensure seaworthiness of the vessel. After the checks, the checklists shall be filled or records shall be kept. 32. Please explain the meaning of “SOPEP”? What contents should be included in the SOPEP?
SOPEP means Shipping Oil Pollution Emergency Plan and it should contain the following:
(1) Procedures to be followed by the Master or other persons in charge of the ship to report and oil pollution incident.
(2) Authority or persons to be contacted in the event of oil pollution.
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