英汉翻译课程讲义

一、把下面的句子翻译成英语。 1)他出现在台上,观众给予热烈鼓掌。 译

2)口试时,问了十个问题,她全部都答对了。 译

3)请你给我们表演一个节目。 译

4)来宾请出示入场券。 译

5)医院立即收下那个重伤的男孩。译

6)关于这个问题,已经记得很多了。译

7)请旅客在此填写报关表。 译

8)这篇文章需要在润色一下。译

9)中美已经建立了外交关系。译

10)这些书很畅销。 译

11)又一座立交桥将于年底通车。 译

12)家家房顶上都装了供淋浴用的太阳能热水器。译

13)利用煤和石油可以制成各种各样有用的东西。 译

14)应该理解,犯错误是人之常情。 译

15)截止日期延长三天。译

二.根据提示翻译下面这段话。

总的来说,在几乎所有高度发达的西方工业社会中都存在着父母与青少年子女之间的矛盾。从社会学的角度来解释现代社会中这种两代人之间的紧张关系,我们可以说,是工业化所带来的社会的急剧变化造成了父母与子女在价值观念处世态度上难以调和、势不两立的冲突。然而现代化的进程可能因其他原因而大大加剧了父母和青少年子女之间的矛盾,并使其更具普遍性。

词汇和表达方法:

父母与于少年子女之间的矛盾 parent-child conflict

高度发达的西方工业社会 highly developed, industrialized Western societies 社会学的 sociological

两代人之间的紧张关系 intergenerational tension 难以调和的 irreconcilable 势不两立的 conflict-provoking

普遍性 pervasiveness 参考译文

Generally, parent-child conflict is thought to exist in virtually all highly developed, industrialized Western societies. The sociological explanation for such intergenerational tension in modern society is that the rapid social change accompanying industrialization creates irreconcilable and conflict-provoking differences in parents‘ and children‘s values and attitudes. But modernization may well have increased the degree and pervasiveness of conflict between young people and their parents for other reasons.

第四课 静态与动态

【知 识 点】 静态与动态:翻译技巧;词性转译法

【学习建议】 结合实例认真揣摩与体会汉英语言静态与动态的特点

英语倾向于多用名词表示动作\\行为,因而叙述呈静态(stative);汉语倾向于多用动词来表示,因而叙述呈动态(dynamic)。 英语的静态倾向主要表现在以下几个方面:

1. 用名词来表达原来属于动词、形容词甚至副词所表达的概念,这就是英语中常见的名词化现象。试比较:

The effect of the overuse of nouns in writing is the placing of too much strain upon

the verbs and the resultant prevention of movement of the thought..

(这一句子充满了名词、动名词和介词,唯一的谓语动词必须拉动一个满载名词的主语,还必须推动两个满载名词的表语,这就使整个句子缺乏动态感。若将部分名词改为动词,即可分担句子的负荷,化静态为动态)

One who overuses nouns in writing places too much strain upon the verbs and as a result prevents the thought from moving along.

写作时过分使用名词,势必给动词增加太多的负担,因而阻碍思路畅通。

2. 用名词表示施事者,以代替动词。大量由动词派生(如以-er或-or结尾)的名词既表示施事者,又保留原来动词的意义。这类名词常常与前置形容词构成静态结构:

a hard worker a slow walker

3. 名词优势造成介词优势。由于英语多用名词,必然也要多用介词。介词优势与名词优势结合,使英语的静态倾向更为显著。

He has someone behind him.

有人给他撑腰。

He is at his books.

他在读书。

4. 动词的弱化与虚化。英语里最常用的动词正是动作意味最弱的动词—— to be,由 “it”或“there”与be构成的句式,其静态意味更加明显,试比较:

There was a tropical storm off the east coast of Florida.

佛罗里达东海岸有一场热带风暴。

A tropical storm lashed the east coast of Florida.

一场热带风暴袭击了佛罗里达东海岸。

英语还常常把动词转化或派生成名词,置于虚化动词(如have,make,take,do等)之后作其宾语,使其缺乏动态感。试比较:

After he had a quarrel with his boss,Jack quit. After he quarreled with his boss, Jack quit.

杰克与老板争吵之后便辞职了。 汉语的动态倾向主要表现在以下几个方面:

1. 动词连用是汉语常用的现象,如连动式和兼语式等,构成各式各样的多动词谓语句。 他想办法摆脱了困境。

He thought his way out of the dilemma.

你去教室把他叫回来。

Go to the classroom and call him back.

2. 动词词组可以充当汉语句子的各种成分。 实现理想境界要靠辛勤劳动。

To translate ideals into reality needs hard work.

他不停地来回走着,激动得说不出话来。

He kept on walking back and forth, being too excited to say a single word.

3. 汉语动词常常重复或重叠。 来的来,去的去。

Some come here and others go away.

说说笑笑,跑跑跳跳,孩子们过得十分愉快。

Talking and laughing, running and jumping , the children had a good time

由于以上英汉语的不同特点,英汉互译的过程往往是静态与动态互相转换的过程。适当地运用这一技巧, 可以使译文比较符合表达习惯。 如下例: 静态转换为动态

Ford?s first pledge was, “Mr. President, you have my support and my loyalty”. 福特一开始就保证说:“总统先生,我支持您,并效忠您。”

It came not as a Nixon revelation, bur rather as a confirmation of the “New York Times” story. 这不能算是尼克松透露了什么新东西,而是证实了“纽约时报”的报道。

动态转换为静态

一切爱好和平的人民都要求全面禁止核武器,彻底销毁核武器。

All peace-loving people demand the complete prohibition and thorough destruction of nuclear weapons.

要不是我能干重活,早就给辞退了。

It was only my capacity for hard work that saved me from early dismissal.

1. Pay attention to CONVERSION OF PARTS OF SPEECH in translating the following sentences.

A)From nouns to verbs

1)To Eisenhower, this setback was ample evidence that much bitter campaigning was to come.译

2)I marveled at the relentless determination of the rain. 译

3)He reportedly helped in the discovery of the truth of the fire in a shoe factory. 译

4)The Iraq-Kuwaitian war is a drain on Iraq's resources. 译

5) Gradually, he had surfaced with less visibility in the policy decisions.(surface: appear) 译

6)For doctors, the computer is a far more careful and industrious inspector than human beings.译

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