初中英语近义词辨析 专项练习（必考点）
1. tell talk say speak
speak讲语言 speak to sb about sth tell告诉 tell sb sth/tell sth to sb say说 say sth to sb
talk交谈,聊天 talk to sb/talk sb about sth say ,speak talk 和tell辨析.
▲ say一般作及物动词用,着重说话的内容,它的宾语可以是名词,代 词或宾语从句.
eg:He can say his name.他会说他的名字.
Please say it in English.请用英语用.
She`s saying ,Don`t draw on the wall.她在说“别在墙上画”.
▲ speak强调说的动作,不强调所说的内容 .作及物动词时,常以某种 语言作宾语.作不及物动词时,常见的搭配形式有：
speak of something/somebody谈到某事（某人）speak to sb 跟某 人讲话,此外speak还可用于在较为正式的场合了表演讲或演说. Can you speak Japanese?你会说日语吗?
She is speaking to her teacher.她正在跟她的老师说话. He spoke at the meeting yesterday.他昨天在会上讲了话.
▲ talk 一般为不及物动词,意思是“交谈,谈话,着重强调两具之间的 相互说话.
eg:She is talking with Lucy in English. 她正在和露茜用英语交谈.
What are you talking about?你们在谈论什么? The teacher is talking to him.老师正在和他谈话.
▲ tell常作及物动词,意为“讲述,告诉,动词常跟双宾语. tell sb sth＝tell sth to sb告诉某人某事. eg:He is telling the children a story. 他正在给孩子们讲一个故事.
Did you tell her the news?＝Did you tell the news to her? 你把这个消息告诉她了吗? 1 Can you _____ me the truth? 2 What language do you ____? 3 This is what they ____ yesterday.
4 Don?t ___ in class，please be quiet. 2. .look look at see watch
look为不及物动词，后面不能带宾语，常单独使用，以引起对方注意。例如：
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Look! That's an English car. 看！那是一辆英国的小汽车。
look at是由动词look 与介词at组成的词组，相当于及物动词，后面可以带宾语，侧重\看\的动
作。
例如： Look at the blackboard, please.请看黑板。
see为及物动词，意思是\看见\，侧重\看\的结果。
例如： Can I see your new pen? 我可以看看你的新钢笔吗？
watch 是及物动词，意思是\观看、注视\， 用来指注视移动着的物体，如看电视、看球赛、看戏
等。
例如：They are watching TV.他们正在看电视
1 The coat ____ nice, I want to buy one for my daughter. 2 Please _______ the blackboard, can you ___ anything?
3 She doesn?t like ____ TV,but she likes _____ football game. 3. .sound listen to hear
sound可作名词和动词.作名词时表\声响,声音\作动词时是一个\半系动词\后面一般加形容词或从句,表\听起来怎么样\
hear是\听\它强调\听\的结果.你可翻译为\听到\
listen是不及物动词,后面不能直接加宾语,也是\听\但它强调\听\的动作,你可以翻译为\收听\
listen是不及物动词,但如果想要加\听\的对象,怎么办?这时就用listten to 了. 1 ____ the radio, it says the flood is coming soon.
2 I can?t ____ you , because there?s something wrong with my ears. 3 What you said ____ interesting. 4. .hear from hear of listen to 是动作“听”
hear 也是听,但是更强调听到的结果
例如：I listened carefully to the radio,but didn't hear anything. 我仔细听收音机,但是什么也没听见.(这个句子很烂) hear of 是听说到
I have never heard of the anecdote before.我从来也没有听到过这件事. hear from 有从...听说到,收到...消息等意思
I am delighted to hear from you.收到你的来信很高兴. 1 After ____ her sister, she read and soon wrote back. 2 Have you _____ the place called Shenglong? .5.receive accept
receive 是 ?接到，收到（客观上）的意思,但并不意味着同意接受
比如说 你很讨厌一个人 他写信给你 你不想收 可是你并不能阻挡这封信的到来 accept 是 ?接到，并同意的意思'
比如说 有人约你星期六出去玩 你知道了 也接受了这个邀请
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He _____ a present yesterday, but he didn?t _____ it, because it was too much expensive and he sent it back.
6..look up look for find find out
look up可以为查阅,比如查字典I look up a few words.我查了几个字 look for为寻找,I'm looking for my car.我在找我的车
look up还有其他的解释：向上看, 尊敬, 仰望, 查寻, 拜访, 好转 I look up Peter yearningly. 我渴望见到彼得. Look up a few words. 查几个字.
Look up an old friend. 拜访一个老朋友
I look up several old friends. 我拜访了几位老友. Look! It's a clearing up. 瞧,天晴了.
Don't look up the dictionary. 不要查字典.
I think I'd better look that up. 我想我得查一下.
Look how our plants have shot up. 瞧我们的庄稼长得多快.
Look, the orchestra pit is filling up
find就是单纯的找到,I find my car.我找到的车了
find out也是发现,但是通常用于发现比较抽象的理论或者发现某一件事 I find out the secret.
attempt to find out. 试图发现事情的真相. How did you find out? 你怎么知道的?
Truth will find liars out. 真理会戳穿说谎者.
His sins will find him out. 他为非作歹,不会有好下场. How soon will I find out? 要等多久才能找到? Let me find out for you. 我来查一查.
Love will find out the way. 爱情自会寻出路.
Somebody will find that secret out. 有人会发现那个秘密. I'll find out where they live. 我去打听一下他们住在哪儿. I'll find out who is available. 我问一下谁有空跟你接洽
1 He often takes a dictionary and ______ the new words in it?
2 The little girl _____ her pen everywhere but didn?t _____ it at last. 3 Look! Rita is crying over there. Let?s go and _____ why is she crying. 7..keep borrow lend
borrow 指的是从别人那里借 take可以指参加~ 拿走的意思 lend 是从自己这里借出什么东西 get 是得到的意思
1 – My bike is broken, can I ___ yours ,Lily? -Oh, sorry, I?ve ____ it to Sandy. 2 –How long may I ____ this book? -For about two weeks.
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8..reach arrive get
1、arrive是不及物动词，后面要跟in或at，表示到达大城市或国家时要用in，到达小城市、乡村、车站等小地方则用at。如：
We arrived in London last week. （我们上周到达伦敦。）
The doctor arrived at the village at last. （医生终于到达了那个村子。）
2、reach是个独行侠，是及物动词，后面从来不跟介词，直接跟宾语（地点名）就行了。如：
When did you reach the station？ （你是什么时间到达车站的?） He reached Nanjing at noon. （他是中午到达南京的。）
3、get与arrive一样，是不及物动词，所以常带着to一起出行。不过，当“到达”的地点是副词时，get就不带它了，如：
Ann got to the farm at six o?clock. （安六点钟到达农场。） I got here early in the morning. （我一大早就到这儿了。）
当然，如果不指明到达的地点就不能用get，而要用arrive了。如： When I arrived，they weren?t there. （当我到达时，他们不在那儿。） 1 They will ____ in Chengdu next week. 2 How do you ___ to school every day?
3 Use a longer stick, then you can ____ the apples. 9..thanks to thanks for
Ⅰ. thanks for = thank you for “为……谢”强调谢的原因。
如：①Thanks for lending me your umbrella.谢谢你借给我雨伞。 ②Thank you for your dictionary. 谢谢你的字典。
Ⅱ. thanks to “多亏了……”；“由于……的帮助”相当于because of …或 with the help of … , 在此短语中，to是一个介词，后接名词或代词。
如：①Thanks to the doctor, I am well again. 多亏这位医生，我身体又康复了。 ②Thanks to our teachers, we all passed the exam.多亏了老师的帮助，我们都及格了。 ③Thanks to your help, I finish the work on time. 多亏了你的帮助，我才能按时完成工作 1 ______ your help, I?ve understand it.
2 ______ the cats, mice dare not come and eat my food. 10..give in give up
give up 与give in 都有“放弃，让步”之意，但give up 指行为者碰到某种困难或原因而自己主动放弃；give in指行为者屈于某种压力而被迫按别人的要求去做，侧重于屈服。give up可作vt., 后接名词或动名词作宾语；而give in只作vi. ,后不接宾语。 1 We shouldn?t _____ learning English!
2 I would rather die than _____ before my enemies.
11..achieve come true
achieve：实现成绩、目标，主语是人。
realize：实现，意识到，多指意识到某种道理、规律什么的，主语是人。
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