°²»ÕÀí¹¤´óѧ»úе¹¤³Ìϵ»úÉè½ÌÑÐÊÒ Á÷ÌåÁ¦Ñ§½²¸å ¶¯·½Ïò£¬¹Ü·ÉÏҪװÖúܶàÍäÍ·£¬Èýͨ£¬·§ÃŵȹܵÀ¸¨¼þ¼°¿ØÖƼþ¡£Á÷ÌåÔÚÁ÷¾¹ýÕâЩÆ÷¼þʱ£¬»òÁ÷Ëٱ仯£¬»òÁ÷Ïò±ä»¯£¬»ò¼æ¶øÓÐÖ®£¬´Ó¶ø¸ÉÈÅÁËÁ÷ÌåµÄÕý³£Ô˶¯£¬²úÉúײ»÷£¬·ÖÀëÍÑÁ÷£¬äöÎеÈÏÖÏ󣬴øÀ´¸½¼Ó×èÁ¦£¬Ôö¼ÓÁËÄÜÁ¿Ëðʧ¡£ÓÉÓÚÕâÀàÁ÷ÌåµÄÔ˶¯±È½Ï¸´ÔÓ£¬Ó°ÏìÒòËؽ϶࣬³ýÉÙÊý¼¸ÖÖ¿É×÷Ò»¶¨µÄÀíÂÛ·ÖÎöÖ®Í⣬һ°ã¶¼ÒÀ¿¿ÊµÑé·½·¨ÇóµÃʵÓþֲ¿×èÁ¦ÏµÊý¡£
¾Ö²¿×èÁ¦Ëðʧ¿É·ÖΪÁ½À࣬һÀàÊÇÓÉÓÚ¹ýÁ÷¶ÏÃæ±ä»¯£¨°üÀ¨¶ÏÃæÊÕËõºÍÀ©´ó£©ÒýÆðµÃ¾Ö²¿Ëðʧ£»ÁíÒ»ÀàÊÇÁ÷¶¯·½ÏòµÄ±ä»¯£¨ÈçÍäÍ·£©ÒýÆðµÄ¾Ö²¿Ëðʧ¡£ÕâÀï½ö½éÉܼ¸ÖÖ³£¼ûµÄ¾Ö²¿×èÁ¦ÏµÊý£¬ÆäÓà¿É²éÏà¹ØÊֲᣬ²»ÔÙÂÞÁС£
£¨1£©¹Ü¾¶Í»È»À©´ó»òËõСʱµÄ¾Ö²¿×èÁ¦ÏµÊý?
¹ýÁ÷¶ÏÃæͻȻ±ä»¯ÓÐÁ½ÖÖ£º¼´Í»È»À©´ó»òͻȻËõС£¨Í¼6-3ºÍͼ6-4£©,ͻȻÀ©´ó»òËõСʱµÄˮͷËðʧ¹«Ê½ÔÚÐÎʽÉÏÊÇÒ»Öµģ¬¼´
u2 (6.3-1) h???2gʽÖÐ ?¡ª¾Ö²¿×èÁ¦ÏµÊý£¬¶ÔÓÚÍ»À©»òÍ»Ëõ?Öµ²»Í¬¡£ u¡ªÁ÷¹ýÍ»±ä´¦µÄÁ÷ÌåÔÚÏÂÓιÜÖÐÁ÷ËÙ¡£
A1u1A2u2A1u1A2u2
ͼ 6-3 ͻȻÀ©´ó¹Ü ͼ 6-4 ͻȻÊÕËõ¹Ü
¶ÔÓÚͻȻÀ©´ó¹ÜÁ÷£¬Ê½(6.3-1)¿É¸ù¾ÝBernulli·½³Ìµ¼³ö¡£²Î¿´Í¼6-3£¬È¡¹Ü¾¶ÖáÏß×÷ΪλÖÃÊÆÄܵĻù×¼Ã棨Áã룩¡£°´Bernulli·½³Ì£¬ÔòÓÐ
2u12p2u2 ????h?
?2g?2gp1 (6.3-2)
ʽÖÐ h?¡ª¹Ü¾¶Í»±äÒýÆðµÄˮͷËðʧ¡£
¸ù¾Ý¶¯Á¿¶¨Àí£º¡°Á÷Ì嶯Á¿µÄ±ä»¯µÈÓÚÍâÁ¦¸øÓèËüµÄ³åÁ¿¡£¡±£¨Ãæ1£1£©¡«Ã棨2£2£©Ö®¼äµÄÁ÷Ì嶯Á¿±ä»¯Á¿dMΪ
5
°²»ÕÀí¹¤´óѧ»úе¹¤³Ìϵ»úÉè½ÌÑÐÊÒ Á÷ÌåÁ¦Ñ§½²¸å dM??Q(u2?u1)
(6.3-3)
ÍâÁ¦³åÁ¿ÓÐÁ½²¿·Ö£¬ÆäһΪ¾²Ñ¹Á¦±ä»¯Á¿dK1?p1A1?p2A2£»Æä¶þΪ»·×´¹Ü¶ÏÃæ¶ÔÁ÷ÌåµÄ×÷ÓÃÁ¦dK2?P?p1(A2?A1)¡£°´¶¯Á¿¶¨ÀídM?ÔòÓÐ
?dK?dK1?dK2£¬
?Q(u2?u1)?p1A1?p2A2?p1(A2?A1) (6.3-4)
ÁªÁ¢Ê½(6.3-3)ºÍ(6.3-4)¿ÉÇóˮͷËðʧh?Ϊ
h??p1?p2?22u12u2?Q(u2?u1)u12u2 (6.3-5) ?????2g2gA2?2g2g¸ù¾ÝÁ¬Ðø·½³ÌQ?A1u1?A2u2£¬ÔòÓÐ
2222u2u12u2(u1?u2)2A2u2u22u2 h??(u2?u1)????(?1)??2??g2g2g2gA12g2g2g(6.3-6)
ʽÖÐ ?¨D¹Ü¾¶Í»È»À©´óʱµÄ¾Ö²¿×èÁ¦ÏµÊý£¬??(
±í 6-1 ¹Ü¾¶Í»À©Ê±¾Ö²¿Ëðʧ×èÁ¦ÏµÊý?
A2?1)2£¬A2?A1¡£ A1A1A2 1 0 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 1 0.4 0.3 0.2 16 0.1 81 ? 0.0123 0.0625 0.184 0.444
2.25 5.44 ±í 6-2 ¹Ü¾¶Í»Ëõʱ¾Ö²¿Ëðʧ×èÁ¦ÏµÊý?
6
°²»ÕÀí¹¤´óѧ»úе¹¤³Ìϵ»úÉè½ÌÑÐÊÒ Á÷ÌåÁ¦Ñ§½²¸å A1A2 0.01 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 0 ? 0.50 0.47 0.45 0.38 0.34 0.30 0.25 0.20 0.15 0.09 ¾Ö²¿ËðʧҲ¿ÉÓÃËÙ¶Èu1ºÍ?1±íʾΪ
u12A12u12u2 h???1 ?(1?)??2gA22g2g (6.3-7)
ͬÑù¶ÔÓڹܾ¶Í»È»ÊÕËõÇé¿ö£¨Í¼6-4£©£¬¾Ö²¿Ëðʧh?¿É±íʾΪ
u2 h???
2g (6.3-1)
ʽÖÐ u¡ªÍ»±äÃæµÄÏÂÓÎÁ÷ËÙ¡£
ÓÉÇ°·ÖÎö¿ÉÖª£¬?ÓëA1ºÍA2µÄ±ÈÖµ´óС¼°Í»À©ºÍÍ»ËõÓйأ¬ÓйØϵÊý²Î¿´±í6-1ºÍ±í6-2¡£
(2) ÏßÐÔ½¥À©ºÍ½¥Ëõ¹Ü¾Ö²¿Ëðʧ
A1u1¦ÈA2u2A1u1¦ÈA2u2ͼ 6-5 (a)ÏßÐÔ½¥À©¹Üͼ ͼ6-5(b)ÏßÐÔ½¥Ëõ¹Ü
ÏßÐÔ½¥À©ºÍ½¥Ëõ¹ÜÈçͼ6-5(a)ºÍͼ6-5(b)Ëùʾ£¬ÏßÐÔÀ©É¢»òÊÕËõ½ÇΪ?£¬Õâʱ¾Ö²¿Ëðʧ±È½Ï¸´ÔÓ£¬ÓëA1/A2µÄ±ÈÖµºÍ?½ÇÏà¹Ø¡£¶ÔÓÚ½¥À©¹Ü£¬¾Ö²¿×èÁ¦ÏµÊý?¿É±íʾΪ
????sin?2[1?(A12A)]?k(1?1) A2A2 (6.3-8)
7
°²»ÕÀí¹¤´óѧ»úе¹¤³Ìϵ»úÉè½ÌÑÐÊÒ Á÷ÌåÁ¦Ñ§½²¸å
ʽÖÐ ?¡ªÑسÌ×èÁ¦ÏµÊý¡£
k¡ªºÍÀ©ÕŽÇ?ÓйصÄϵÊý¡£
ÉÏʽ¹ýÓÚ¸´ÔÓ£¬Ò²¿É°´Í»À©Á÷¶¯ÀíÂÛÒýÈëÐÞÕýϵÊýk±íʾΪ
22?A12u1u1?ks1?k(1?)?A22g2g h??? 22?k(A2?1)2u1?ksu22?A2g2g1? (6.3-9)
ʽÖÐ k¡ªÐÞÕýϵÊý£¬k?1.025?2.5(mm¼Æ¡£
µ±d=25mm~76mm£¬u=1.16m/s~9.6m/s£¬A2/A1=1.45~9.32ʱ£¬¾Ö²¿ËðʧµÄ¾Ñ鹫ʽҲ¿É±íʾΪ
d22ÆäÖÐÖ±¾¶d1ÒÔ)?10?3?0.8d1?10?3£¬
d1(u1?u2)1.92 h??1.08
2g (6.3-10)
¶ÔÓÚ½¥Ëõ¹Ü£¬¾Ö²¿Ëðʧh?¿É±íʾΪ
Auu(1?(2)2)2?0.052 h???A12g2g?sin2 (6.3-11)
ÔÚÖ±½ÇÍä¹Ü£¨Í¼6-6(a)£©ºÍÕ۽ǹܣ¨Í¼6-6(b)£©ÖУ¬ÓÉÓڹܾ¶²»±ä£¬¹ÊÁ÷ËÙ´óС²»±ä¡£µ«ÓÉÓÚÁ÷¶¯·½ÏòµÄ±ä»¯¶øÔì³ÉÄÜÁ¿Ëðʧ¡£
?22d¦Ñ
8