B) Europe D) Africa
3. Geographers measure mountains by comparing them with
A) the surrounding land C) the level of the sea B) the height to which clouds rise D) other mountains
4. Geologists are not primarily concerned with a mountain's
A) history C) structure B) height D) formation
5. Most flat, low-lying mountains are
A) very old C) exceptionally beautiful B) found in the ocean D) covered with snow
Passage 14:
Normally a student must attend a certain number of courses in order to graduate, and each course which he attends gives him a credit which he may count towards a degree. In many American universities the total work for a degree consists of thirty-six courses each lasting for one semester. A typical course consists of three classes per week for fifteen weeks; while attending a university a student will probably attend four or five courses during each semester. Normally a student would expect to take four years attending two semesters each year. It is possible to spread the period of work for the degree over a longer period. It is also possible for a student to move between one university and another during his degree course, though this is not in fact done as a regular practice.
For every course that he follows a student is given a grade, which is recorded, and the record is available for the student to show to prospective employers. All this imposes a constant pressure and strain of work, but in spite of this some students still find time for great activity in student affairs. Elections to positions in student organizations arouse much enthusiasm. The effective work of maintaining discipline is usually performed by students who advise the academic authorities. Any student who is thought to have broken the rules, for example, by cheating has to appear before a student court. With the enormous numbers of students, the operation of the system does involve a certain amount of activity. A student who has held one of these positions of authority is much respected and it will be of benefit to him later in his career.
1. Normally a student would at least attend ____ classes each week. A. 3
B. 12
C. 15
D. 20
2. According to the first paragraph an American student is allowed _____.
A. to live in a different university
B. to take a particular course in a different university
C. to live at home and drive to classes
D. to get two degrees from two different universities
3. American university students are usually under pressure of work because _________.
A. they want to run for positions of authority B. they are heavily involved in student affairs C. they have to observe university discipline
D. their academic performance will affect their future careers
4. Some students are enthusiastic for positions in student organizations probably
because ________.
A. they hate the constant pressure and strain of their study. B. they will then be able to stay longer in the university C. such positions help them get better jobs D. such positions are usually well paid
5. The student organizations seem to be effective in _______.
A. dealing with the academic affairs of the university B. ensuring that the students observe university regulations C. evaluating students' performance by bringing them before a court D. keeping up the students' enthusiasm for social activities Passage 15
When an art museum wants a new exhibit, it buys things in finished form and hangs them on its walls. When a natural history museum wants an exhibit, it often must bui1d it realistically---from a mass of materia1 and evidence brought together by careful research.
An animal, for examp1e, must first be skinned. Photographs and measurements are used to determine the animal's structure in a natural position--fighting, resting, or feeding. Then muscle forms are built and a plaster shell is made. Final1y the skin is pulled over the shell like a wet g1ove. This comp1etes the animal subject.
Displaying such things as stone heads, giant trees, and meteorites is basically mechanical. Most other natural history exhibits present more difficult problems. For instance, how can a creature be exhibited when it is too small to be seen clearly? In these cases, 1arger-than-life models are bui1t. The American Museum of Natura1 History has models of fleas, houseflies, and many other insects enlarged up to
seventy-four times. The mode1s show the stages of the insects' deve1opment and the workings of their bodies.
l. Natural history exhibits differ from art exhibits in that they _____.
A. are never borrowed
B. are not displayed to the public C. often must be constructed D. do not require research
2. What is the last step when exhibiting an animal?
A. to skin the animal B. to build the muscle forms C. to make a plaster shell D. to cover the shell by skin
3. The items that are most difficult to display are _____.
A. objects such as meteorites B. large animals
C. creatures too small to be seen clearly D. creatures of the sea
4. The best title for this passage is _________.
A. Constructing an Animal Subject B. Prob1ems of Exhibiting Natura1 History C. Natural History
D. Building a Museum Exhibit 5. Which of the following is implied?
A. Nothing in a natural history museum is alive. B. Some creatures cannot be disp1ayed. C. Meteorites come from outer space.
D. Natural history exhibits often must be bui1t.
Passage 16
Both labor and laborers can be classified into three groups: skilled, partly skilled, and unskilled. There are certain qualities which are particular to each group and which show the differences between it and the other two groups. These qualities are the degree of skill and training needed for the job and how specific a task the worker performs.
Skilled labor is of two kinds. The first kind has expert knowledge in a particular area, like making tools or printing. The second kind has received advanced education
and special training. Doctors, teachers and lawyers are examples of this kind of skilled labor.
A partly skilled worker is a person who has gained a very large amount of skill over a very limited number of activities. Such workers can be trained very quickly. Someone who welds (焊接) in a plant where automobiles are put together is an example. In the same way, one person who makes business machines believes that a person can be completely trained to operate one of these machines in two days.
Unskilled workers, or workers who are not skilled, as their name suggests, need hardly any specialized training. Skills can be obtained on the job itself, and as the workers become used to the work, they become more productive. For example, when the canals (运河) were built in Britain, and later when the railroads were laid, the entrepreneurs who built them found that it took a full year for strong healthy farm boys to become diggers. These young men had to use their energy economically so that they could work long hours without tiring. A lot of special training was not needed, but the strong body and character that the job required was not produced in a single day.
1. A tool maker and a teacher can be put together because ________. A) their jobs are the same in nature B) both of them do skilled labor C) neither of them works outdoors D) they belong to laboring class
2. A partly skilled worker is the one who ________. A) works part-time B) is a professional
C) is skillful at only a few activities D) mainly does physical labor 3. An unskilled worker ________.
A) is hard to train because of his dullness B) refuses to learn on the job
C) may work very well only on farms D) can be very productive
4. According to the passage, to be an unskilled worker, which of the following is NOT necessary?
A) any kind of training B) special training C) a strong body
D) a long time practicing
5. The sentence used to summarize the article can be found in paragraph ________. A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 Passage 17
A new plan for getting children to from school is being started by the education authorities (当局) in part of Eastern England. This could end the worries of many parents fearful for their children‘s safety on the roads.
Until now the County Council have only been prepared to provide bus services for children living more than three miles from their school, or sometimes less if special reason existed.
The new plan is to be tried out this term for children living at Milton who attend Impington school. The children live just within the three-mile limit and the Council has said in the past it would not provide free transport to the school. But now they