专题2 代词和介词

专题二 代词和介词

【命题趋势探秘】

考查内容[来源:Z§xx§k.Com] 命题 规律 考查题型 语法填空,单项填空,完形填空,短文改错 语法填空,单项填空,完形填空,短文改错 语法填空,单考查热度 不定代词[来源:Zxxk.Com] it的用法 其他代词 介词和介词短语 ☆☆☆ ☆☆☆ ☆ ☆☆☆ 语法填空,单项填空,项填空,短文改错 完形填空,短文改错 1分 1分 所占分值 1—3分 1—3分 1. 从近年全国及各考区对代词的考查试题看,高考试题对代词的考查重点是:1.不定代词的辨析,不定代词在特定结构中的使用,如anyone, both, neither, nothing命题 趋势 等与从句相结合;与any, some, all, none, other, another相关的不定代词;2.代词one, it, that, those作替代词的用法区别;3.it的各种用法;4.形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的用法。 2. 高考试题对介词短语的考查侧重下面这些考点:1)介词与其他词类如名词、形容词构成的固定搭配;2)介词短语的含义以及在语境中的辨析;3)其他语法知识中对介词固定搭配的考查,比如在定语从句的“介词+关系代词”结构中考查介词的固定搭配。

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【高频考点聚焦】

考点1不定代词

不定代词即不具体指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词,主要分为复合不定代词和兼作形容词的不定代词。复合不定代词主要指由some、any等构成的不定代词;兼作形容词的不定代词指既能单独作代词又能修饰名词的不定代词。

分类 构成或代表词 由some-, any-, no- every-与-body, 句法功能 主语、宾语、表语、复合不定-one, -thing构成:someone, somebody, 补足语等 代词 something, anyone, anybody, anything, no one, none, nobody, nothing, everyone, 2

everybody, everything 兼作形容词 all, each, both, either, neither, one, 多数都能作主语、none, little, few, many, much, other, another, 宾语、表语或定语 的不定代some, any, no, a few, a little, both, enough, 词 every等

【基础知识梳理】

1. both, all, either, neither, none, any的用法

都(指全部) 两者 both er 三者或三者以上 We were both surprised to learn that half of the river is in China

The government wanted to make Microsoft into two companies so that neither of them was so strong nor so rich.

all any none 任何一个 eith都不(全部否定) neither 2. none, nothing, nobody/no one的用法

none 指人或物,其用法相当于no+前述名词,回答how many, how much的提问;可接of短语 nothing no one/ nobody —If you don't mind, may I ask you how much money you have? —Well, to be honest, I have none.

Once she has made up her mind, nothing can change it. It was a prison from which no one escaped.

指物,表示“什么东西都没有”,可回答what的提问;不能接of短语 指人,表示“一个人也没有”,可回答who的提问;不能接of短语 3

3. any与every的用法

any+(单数、复数、不可数)名词表示“(三个及以上中)任何一个”。 every+名词表示“(三个或三个以上中的)每一个”。

not any表全部否定,而not every+名词表部分否定的“不是所有的……都……”。 注意:不可说any…not。

any可单独使用,而every不能单独使用,只能作定语。 Jane was asked a lot of questions, but she didn’t answer any of them. Not every exercise is difficult.

4.other,another,the other,others,the others

other是形容词,不能单独使用,必须与名词连用,或用the other(s), others; another=an+other,表示没有具体限定的、泛指的“另外一个”,用another(+单数名词/+ 数词+复数名词);

the other:表示有具体限定的两者中的“另外那个/那些”,用the other(+单/复数名词); others相当于“other+复数名词”,表示泛指其他的/别的人或物;

the others相当于the other+复数名词,表示有具体范围限定的“其他的人或物”。 Some people choose jobs for other reasons besides money these days. Now let’s move on to another topic. Do you follow me? They had to use actors for the other three members of the band.

They were surprised to find that these dinosaurs could not only run like the others but also climb trees.

5.全部否定与部分否定

all, both, everybody, everything以及“every+名词”都表示全部肯定;

none, neither, no one, nobody, nothing, not…any以及“no+名词”表示全部否定; 当表示全部肯定的句子中出现了not时,不管not在这些代词之前(not all/both/everybody,etc)还是在谓语动词(包括be动词)部分(all/both/everybody…not),都是表示部分否定;另外,not与总括性的副词如always, wholly, altogether, everywhere等连用时也表示部分否定。

The smile does not always means that we are truly happy, however.微笑并不总是意味着我

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