新世纪大学英语读写教程
（第二册）
New Century College English
（Book）
教 案
Teaching Plan
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Ｃontent
Unit One-- Text A: The Kindness of Strangers ....................................................................3
Unit Two-- Text A: Choose Optimism .................................................................................... 17
Unit Three -- The Road to Success ........................................................................................ 31
Unit Four -- Being Creative ..................................................................................................... 47
Unit Five-- Text A: Three Days to See ................................................................................ 60
Unit Six-- Text A: What Does Teamwork Really Mean? .................................................. 76
Unit Seven-- Text A: Did You Have a Tough Childhood? ................................................. 90
Unit Eight-- Text A: Uncommon Decency .......................................................................... 103
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Unit One-- Text A: The Kindness of Strangers
I.Teaching Objectives
1. To make clear the writer?s purpose to write the text and the ideas that the writer desire to convey in the text.
2. To grasp the key words, phrases and structure.
3. To master the skills of writing and reading in this unit.
II. Teaching Content
1. Get Started
2. Discovering the Main Ideas
3. Key Words and Expressions for Text A 4.Voicing Your Views
5. Guided Practice (exercises, oral practice and group work) 6. Summary
7.After-Class Assignments
III. Teaching Process 1. Get Started
Discussion
▇Sit in groups of threes or fours and discuss the following questions.
1) You are now living on campus. How do you get along with your classmates? 2) Are you willing to help out a stranger? Why or why not?
3) Do you think it possible to be a true friend to someone whose name you don?t know?
▇ Answers for reference: 1) A possible answer:
I get along with my classmates pretty well. We help each other and take good care of each other. When anyone is in trouble or difficulty, we do all we can to lend a helping hand. I love campus life. I believe that the time spent in this university will be an unforgettable experience in my life.
2) Possible answers:
a. To be honest, with all the stories about how certain individuals take advantage of people?s kindness and how people set out to help out a stranger but end up getting into big trouble, I would think twice before helping out a stranger.
b. I am willing to help out a stranger, even if it means I would get myself into trouble, because I would feel bad if I passed by someone in need. After all, we?re not living on a one-man island. We need to rely on each other?s kindness. What?s more, I believe most
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people on earth are good and they do not take advantage of others? kindness. 3) A possible answer:
Yes, I think so. True friendship lies in the communication between souls, and you don?t have to know the person?s name in order to know the soul.
2. Discovering the Main Ideas
Exercise 1:Answer the following questions with the information contained in Text A.
1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) Why didn?t the author stop for the hitchhiker? Did he feel guilty for not helping the young man?
Why did the author decide to start his journey across America pennilessly? What did he discover as he travelled?
What had happened to the trucker the author met on a rainy day?
What conclusion did the author draw from his experiences mentioned in Paragraphs 15-18? Why did Carol invite the author to talk to her class about his trip?
What conclusion did the author make about his trip when he talked to the students?
▇ Answers for reference:
1) He thought that someone else would stop for him. And he was afraid of a possible robbery. 2) No. He didn?t. But he was bothered by his easy and quick decision of leaving the young
man stranded in the desert.
3) He wanted to test if a person could still rely solely on the kindness of strangers or the good
will of his fellow Americans these days.
4) He found out that others shared his fear. Yet they still stubbornly helped strangers like him. 5) He was once robbed at knife-point by a hitchhiker.
6) He found that people were generally compassionate. And those who had the least to give
often gave the most.
7) She thought the children should be exposed to what else was out there — the good and the
bad.
8) He concluded that his faith in America had been renewed and that people could still depend
on the kindness of strangers.
Exercise 2:Text A can be divided into three parts. Now write down the paragraph number(s) of each part and then give the main idea of each in one or two sentences.
Part Paragraph(s) Main Idea
One
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Because of a past experience of neglecting a hitchhiker in
need of help, the author decided to travel across America without any money to find out if one could still rely on the kindness of strangers these days.
During his trip, he found out that people were generally compassionate and willing to help although they might have fears.
He talked to school children and concluded in a patriotic manner that in America people could still depend on the kindness of strangers.
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Two Three
8-28 29-31
3. Key Words and Expressions for Text A
flag down
cause (a vehicle or its driver) to stop by waving at the driver 挥手[打信号]使（车辆或驾驶者） 停下
e.g. 1. A policeman flagged down the car when he saw it speeding. 2. We have to flag down a passing car in order to ask for help.
为了求援我们不得不挥手让一辆过路车停下来。
risk vt.
put in danger; take the chance of losing; take the chance of (a possible unpleasant result) 使遭受危险；冒失去……之险；担……风险，冒……的危险
e.g. 1. When young students start smoking for fun, they don?t realize that they?re risking their health.
2. The captain was not willing to risk taking his ship through the straits in such bad weather.船长不愿意在这样恶劣的天气里冒险将船驶过海峡。 CF: venture, chance, risk
这些动词均含有“敢于冒险”之意。
venture指冒风险试一试，或指有礼貌的反抗或反对。例如： He enjoyed little success when he ventured into business. chance指碰运气、冒风险试试。例如：
Andy knew the risks. I cannot believe he would have chanced it. risk指不顾个人安危去干某事，侧重主动承担风险。例如：
Why should he have risked all that to become an agent of a foreign power? as much
the same 同样地
e.g. 1. He was greatly respected, and his brother as much despised.
2. A comparable house in the south of the city would cost twice as much. 一栋类似的房子位于城南部就要贵一倍的价钱。
rely on / upon sb. / sth. (for)
need or depend on sb. or sth.; trust or have faith in sb. or sth. 依靠，依赖；信任，信赖 e.g. 1. During the voyage we relied on the radio for news of the outside world.
2. It would be better to rely on ourselves than on others. 求人不如求己。
figure vt.
esp AmE consider; believe 〖尤美〗认为，以为 e.g. 1. I figured (that) you wouldn?t come.
2. She figured that both she and Ned had learned a lot from the experience. 她觉得自己和内德都从这一经历中学到了很多东西。
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take a gamble (on sth.)
risk (money, property, etc.) on the result of sth. uncertain; do sth. risky that depends for its success
on certain things happening as one wishes赌博；冒险而为；碰运气
e.g. 1. The company took a gamble by cutting the price of their products, and it paid off.
2. I don?t know if I can rely on him, but I?m willing to take a gamble. 我不知道是否能信任他，不过我愿冒一下险。
display vt.
rather fml show (esp. a feeling or quality) 〖较正式〗显露，流露（感情）；显示，表现（能力） e.g. 1. The exhibition gives local artists an opportunity to display their works of creation.
2. He has displayed remarkable courage in his efforts to reform the party. 在政党改革中，他表现出了非凡的勇气。 CF: show, exhibit, display
这些动词均含“显示，显露，展现”之意。
show泛指任何有意或无意地把东西给别人看的行为。例如： Cut out this article and show it to your bank manager.
exhibit指公开或正式地展示，以便引人注目或让人检查。例如： His work was exhibited in the best galleries in America, Europe and Asia.
display多指将某物陈列在显眼之处以便让人发现其优点，侧重有意识地显示。例如： The cabinets display seventeenth-century blue-and-white porcelain.
mouth vt.
form (words) with your lips without speaking不出声地说；用口型默示 e.g. 1. Philip mouthed something through the glass which she did not hear.
2. She winked broadly at him and silently mouthed something. 她使劲冲他使眼色，不出声地对他说了些什么。
watch out for
be vigilant or alert; be on the lookout 密切注意；戒备；提防
e.g. 1. What problems should I watch out for when driving on an expressway?
2. He called out to them to watch out for the unexploded mine. 他冲他们大喊，叫他们小心哑雷。
risk one’s life
put one?s life in danger冒生命危险
e.g. 1. He risked his life to save a drowning child from the river.
2. She risked her own life to help a disabled woman. 她冒着生命危险去帮助一个残疾妇女。
pick up
arrange to go and get; collect 接（人），接载（人）；取（物） e.g. 1. I?ll pick you up at the station when the train arrives.
2. She went over to her parents? house to pick up some clean clothes. 她去了趟父母家取些干净衣服。
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pullvi.
(esp. of a vehicle or its driver) start to move （车辆或司机）行驶 e.g. 1. The car seems to be pulling to the left.
2. The train pulled to a halt at the platform. 火车在站台边停下。
capacityn.
ability or power 能力，才能；力量
e.g. 1. She has an enormous capacity for embroidery.
2. Our capacity for giving care, love and attention is limited. 我们能够给予的关怀、关爱和关注是有限的。 CF： ability, capacity,capability
这些名词均可表示人的“能力，才能”之意。
ability为普通用词，指人先天的或学来的各种能力。例如： He had remarkable ability as a musician. capacity侧重指人的潜在能力，通常不指体力，多指才智，尤指接受与领悟能力。例如： He has the capacity to see the other person?s point of view.
capability多用于人，指胜任某项具体工作的能力，也指本身具有、尚未发挥的潜在能 力。常与of或for连用。例如：
It was a job that was beyond the capability of one man.
run contrary to be against 违背
e.g. 1. The child is asked to behave in ways which run contrary to his natural desires.
2. Their suggestion runs contrary to the overwhelming evidence that technology enhances our efficiency.
他们的建议与技术提高效率的大量证据背道而驰。 dropvt.
infmlallow sb. to get out of the vehicle 〖非正式〗使（某人）下车，卸下（乘客） e.g. 1. She dropped Johnny at the school gate at about 8:30 every day.
2. He dropped me outside the hotel. 他把我送到了酒店。
pull over
drive to the side of the road and stop one?s car 把（车）停靠在路边
e.g. 1. The policeman signalled to him to pull over to see if he was drunk-driving/drink-driving.
2. Joe, please swallow your pride and pull over to askdirections! 乔，请你放下身段，停车问路吧! stampvt.
mark (a pattern, sign, letters, etc.) on (an object or surface) by pressing把〔图案、记号、字等〕印盖在〔某物品或表面〕上
e.g. 1. Please wait here in line to have your passport stamped.
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2. Car manufacturers stamp a vehicle identification number at several places on new cars to help track down stolen vehicles.
汽车制造商在新车的好几处地方打上车辆识别号码，以便于追查被偷车辆。
style n.
[C; U] a general manner of doing sth. which is typical or representative of a person or group, a time in history, etc. 风格，作风
e.g. 1. Have you thought about having your hair in a shorter style?
2. Our children?s different needs and learning styles created many problems. 孩子们不同的需求和学习方式给我们带来了许多问题。
grateful a.
[( for, to)] feeling or showing thanks to another person[常与for或to连用]感激的；表示感谢的 e.g. 1. I am extremely grateful to all the teachers for their help.
2. I should like to extend my grateful thanks to all the volunteers. 我想对所有的志愿者致以衷心的谢意。
come on in
come in进来吧（比come in更随和友好的说法） e.g. 1. Come on in, my dear.
2. Come on in. Sorry, my room is a bit messy. 进来坐坐吧。不好意思，我的房间有点乱。
roast n.
[C] a large piece of roasted meat大块烤肉
e.g. 1. My mother always cooks a traditional pot roast when we gather at home for a special day.
2. I forgot about the oven and the roast has frizzled up. 我忘了看炉火，结果把烤肉给烤干了。
bunch n.
[(of), +sing./pl. v] infml a group[常与of连用；谓语动词用单数或复数]〖非正式〗一群，一伙 e.g. 1. The people that I work with are a great bunch. 2. My neighbours are a bunch of busybodies.
我的邻居们是一群爱管闲事的人。
expose vt.
[(to)]uncover; leave without protection[常与to连用]（使）暴露
e.g. 1. My job as a journalist is to uncover truth and expose falsehood.
2. After the scandal was exposed, Dr Bailey committed suicide. 丑闻曝光后，贝利博士自杀了。
help (sb.) out
give help (to sb.) at a time of need （需要时）帮助（某人） e.g. 1. I helped her out when she became ill.
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2. I?m in a rather tricky position;can you help me out? 我的处境很棘手，你能帮我吗？
have ... in mind consider 考虑
e.g. 1. Camping in summer is just what I have in mind now.
2. What kind of starting pay do you have in mind? 你希望起薪多少？
Difficult Sentences for Text A
1) There was a time in this country when you?d be considered a jerk if you passed by somebody
in need. (Para. 1)
Q: Translate this sentence into Chinese.
A: 在这个国家，曾有那么一段时间，你要是对需要帮助的人置之不理，大家会认为你是混蛋。
Q: Make a sentence with the italicizeditalicized structure.
A: There was a time when blackberry and apple were just fruits.
2) So I decided to make a leap of faith a continent wide — to go from the Pacific to the Atlantic
without a penny. (Para. 7)
Q: Why does the author refer to his plan as “making a leap of faith a continent wide”?
A: Before this trip, he had never taken a gamble in life, and now he was going to do something so dramatically different and this sure involves a huge leap of faith. On the other hand, it was about going across the continent. So it makes sense to say he decided to “make a leap of faith a continent wide.”
3) I was amazed by the stubborn capacity of Americans to help a stranger, even when it seemed
to run contrary to their own best interests.(Para. 11) Q: Translate this sentence into Chinese.
A: 我诧异于美国人执意帮助陌生人的能力，甚至于在看来与自己的最大利益相冲突时他们也绝不袖手旁观。
4) This woman was telling me she’d rather risk her life than feel bad about passing a stranger on
the side of the road. (Para. 13)
Q: Translate this sentence into Chinese. A: 这个女人是在告诉我，她宁肯冒生命危险也不愿意因为没为一个站在路边的陌生人停车而感到内疚。
Q: Make a sentence with the italicized structure.
A: He would rather be poor than have got money by dishonest methods．
4. Voicing Your Views
▆If we want to live happily, we need a harmonious society. But what is an ideal harmonious
society in your mind and what are the main characteristics of a harmonious society? Work in groups and discuss this question. The following tips may be of some help.
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democracy, equality and fair competition observe disciplines and obey laws… no theft, corruption, robbing, murder… freedom of speech and religion live a good, peaceful and prosperous life a loving and caring society honesty and trust…no worries about cheating and fake products live in harmony with the environment and nature Answers may vary, but here is a possible answer for your reference.
Of course, this is a big topic. Here I just want to describe briefly the most important elements of an ideal harmonious society in my mind. They are as follows:
1.Democracy and law are the foundation of an ideal harmonious society where every adult has the right to choose government officials. All citizens are equal before the law and people have equal rights to education and work opportunities. The government can ensure fair competition.
2.People observe discipline and obey laws. There is no theft, no corruption, no robbery, no murder or any other forms of crime. People don?t have to worry about their safety and property anytime or anywhere.
3.People enjoy freedom of speech and religion, and so on. They will not be punished or persecuted by others because they have different views or beliefs.
4.People live a good, peaceful and prosperous life. Everyone has a satisfactory job. They can afford their own houses. They have enough money to travel around the world and enjoy all kinds of entertainments.
5.A harmonious society is a loving and caring one. People are willing to help others and those who are in need of help can get help in time.
5. Guided Practice
1) Do task one (p. 14) 2) Group discussion
Work in groups of threes or fours to discuss the issues listed on page 15. Ask several students to present their opinions in class.
6. Summary
Ask Ss to retell the story in their own words.
7.After-Class Assignments
1) Review Text A 2) Do exercises: Cloze (p. 32)
Translation (p. 32-33)
3) Theme-related writing (p.33)
Text B
Section A KEY WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS
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Key Words: virtuallyad. governvt. shiftn. leapvi. slipvt. routen. teamworkn. signalvt. somehowad. aidn. establishvt. appreciate vt. punchvt. participate vi. heavevt. ambulancen. locatevt. occasionala. moustachen. securityn. collapsevi. spotvt. alongsideprep.
virtuallyad.almost; very nearly 实际上，事实上，差不多 e.g.This year?s results are virtually the same as last year?s.
It would have been virtually impossible to research all the information.
teamworkn.[U] the ability of a group of people to work together effectively; (work done through) combined effort集体合作，协作；协力进行的工作
e.g. Only teamwork will enable us to get the job done on time.
Today?s complex buildings require close teamwork between the architect and the builders.
punchvt.enter information by pressing a button or key on a machine 按键发出 e.g.Mrs. Baylor strode to the elevator and punched the button.
moustachen.an unshaved growth of hair on the upper lip髭；小胡子 e.g.His father shaved off his moustache.
He has decided to grow a beard and a moustache.
governvt.control, fix, or guide 治理，统辖；管理
e.g. Strict rules and regulations are needed to govern class attendance.
They go to the polls on Friday to choose the people they want to govern their country.
signalvt.-ll- BrE〖英〗‖-l- AmE〖美〗express, warn, or tell (as if) by a signal or signals （似）用信号警告；示意
e.g.The referee took out a yellow card from his pocket and signalled a serious foul.
He stood up, signalling to the officer that he had finished with his client.
participate vi.[(in)] rather fml take part or have a share in an activity or event [常与in连用]〖较正式〗参加，参与
e.g.We want to encourage students to participate fully in the running of the college. Over half the population of this country participate in sport.
securityn.[U] freedom or protection from danger or worry; safety 安全；保护；保障 e.g.They are now under a great deal of pressure to tighten their airport security.
Strict security measures are in force in the capital.
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shiftn. (the period of time worked by) a group of workers which takes turns with one or more groups （值班工人的）当班时间，班次工作时间；轮班工人 e.g.We are on the night shift at the factory this week. His father worked shifts in a steel mill.
somehowad. by some means; in some way not yet known or stated 以某种方法，不知怎么地 e.g. You must stop him from seeing her somehow.
Somehow Karin managed to cope with the demands of her career.
heavevt.lift and pull or push with great effort （用很大力气）举，拉，推 e.g.I managed to heave the trunk down the stairs.
It took five strong men to heave the statue up a ramp and lower it into place.
collapsevi.fail suddenly and completely; break down 崩溃，垮掉，瓦解 e.g.The sick old man collapsed in the street and died two hours later. The roof collapsed under the weight of snow.
leapvi.act, move, rise, etc., quickly, as if with a jump敏捷移动，迅速反应 e.g.They leapt into action immediately.
She was quick to leap to my defence.
aidn.[U] fml support or help 〖正式〗支持，帮助，救助
e.g.One of the station staff saw her was in difficulty and came to her aid.
He succeeded with the aid of a completely new method he discovered.
ambulancen.a vehicle with special equipment, used for taking sick or injured people to a hospital 救护车
e.g.They took the injured away in an ambulance.
He was sent to hospital by ambulance.
spotvt.-tt- pick out with the eye; see or recognise, esp. with effort or difficulty（用眼睛）找出；认出；看出
e.g.Can you spot any differences between these two pictures? Vicenzo failed to spot the error.
slipvt.-pp- put or give smoothly, secretly, or unnoticed 偷偷[悄悄]地塞给 e.g. He slipped the guard some money and got into the building.
I slipped a note under Louise?s door.
establishvt.set up; begin; create 建立，创立；使开业
e.g.I wondered why he should bother to try and establish contact with me.
The school has established a successful relationship with the local community.
locatevt.[usu. pass.] fix or set in a certain place; situate （一般用被动语态）把……设置在，
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使……坐落于
e.g. Steve?s business is located right in the centre of town. They located their headquarters in Swindon.
alongsideprep.close to and in line with the edge of (sth.); along the side (of) 靠着[沿着]……的旁边；与……并排
e.g.A police car pulled up alongside us.
Much of the industry was located alongside rivers.
routen.a chosen direction or line of travel between one place and another （旅行的）路线，路程 e.g.The house he has bought is not on a bus route.
All escape routes were blocked by armed police.
appreciate vt. be thankful or grateful for; recognize and enjoy the good qualities or worth of 感激; 鉴赏；欣赏；赏识
e.g.Your support is greatly appreciated.
Peter stood by me when I most needed it. I?ll always appreciate that.
occasionala.happening from time to time; not regular 偶尔的，偶然的，不经常的 e.g.I?ve had occasional mild headaches all my life.
The weather was good except for an occasional shower. CF: occasional, uncommon, scarce, rare
这些形容词均含“稀罕的，很少发生”之意。
occasional指偶然、不时或间或发生的事，侧重无规律可循。例如： He works for us on an occasional basis.
uncommon指一般不发生或很少发生的事情，故显得独特、异常与例外。例如： A 15-year lifespan is not uncommon for a dog.
scarce指暂时不易发现、不存在或数量不足，供不应求的东西。例如： This kind of training is ineffective, and wasteful of scarce resources. rare指难得发生的事或难遇见的人或事，侧重特殊性。例如： The black-necked crane is one of the rarest species in the world.
deliver vt.give birth to 分娩
e.g. My sister-in-law delivered a healthy girl last night. My mother delivered me at Sibly Memorial hospital.
Expressions: in / under … circumstances stand out pull away in contrast to
in / under… circumstances in … situation 在??情况下
e.g. Jane is my truest friend, so I can trust her in any circumstances.
Under the circumstances, it seemed better not to tell him about the accident.
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stand outhave an easily-seen shape, colour, etc.; be very noticeable 显著，显眼；杰出，突出 e.g.That fashion model always stands out in a crowd no matter where she is. Every tree, wall and fence stood out against dazzling white fields.
pull away(esp. of a vehicle or its driver) start to move away from the side of the road or another moving vehicle （车辆或司机）驶离（路边或另一开动的车辆） e.g.The driver waved us goodbye as he pulled away.
I stood in the driveway and watched him back out and pull away.
in contrast to in comparison with objects or situations so that differences are made after 与……形成对比[对照]
e.g.The company lost $7 million this quarter in contrast to a profit of $6 million a year earlier.
In contrast to the surroundings, she was young, pretty and brisk.
Section B Difficult Sentences
1. He makes it his business to learn the stop of every regular passenger. (Para. 4) Q: Translate this sentence into Chinese.
A: 他特意记住了每个经常乘坐的人的下车地点。 Q: Make a sentence with the itzlicized structure.
A: The restaurant manager makes it his business to ensure I am happy and comfortable every time I?m there.
2. Her worn clothing suggests she doesn?t have much money to spare, but she always clutches an extra cup of coffee for the driver. (Para. 5) Q: Translate this sentence into Chinese.
A: 她破旧的衣服表明她并没有多少余钱，但她总是会给司机带一杯咖啡。 Q: Paraphrase this sentence.
A: From the old clothes she?s wearing, one can tell that she is probably poor, but she uses what little money she has to buy a cup of coffee for the driver, which shows how much this bus trip means to her.
3. For many months, our only sadnesslay in our inability to establish the same rapport with the silent woman at the front of the bus. (Para. 10) Q: Translate this sentence into Chinese.
A: 好多个月的时间里，我们唯一伤心的事是不能和坐在车前部的那个沉默的女人建立起同样的融洽关系。
Q: Make a sentence with the italicized structure.
A: The root of the problem in relationship lies in our inability to forgive the other says.
4. The night lengthened and grew cozy, and when we parted as friends — we shared names. (Para. 16)
Q: Translate this sentence into Chinese. A: 这个夜晚持续了很久，变得很温暖，我们告别时已成了朋友——这一次我们交换了姓名。 Q: What is the implied meaning of the italicized part?
A: We talked for a long time and as we got to know each other better, we felt more comfortable and closer.
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Section C COMPREHENSION QUESTIONS ▇ Comprehension questions （Para. 1）
Q:What was the former belief of the author and his wife?
A: They used to feel that it was virtually impossible to be a true friend to someone whose name they didn?t know.
Q:What have changed their thinking?
A:Years of Sunday-morning bus trip through the city with the same “nameless” people have changed their thinking.
▇ Comprehension questions （Paras. 2-4）
Q:What does the author tell us about the regular bus driver?
A: He is a dutiful bus driver. Judging by his walrus moustache which is white at the edges and his well-worn face, we may know that he is not young. He is a very kind person and always smiles benignly at his passengers. He is a very careful driver. He keeps the bus clean and expects every passenger to obey the written and unwritten rules that govern the trip. He knows his regular passengers well and regards it his responsibility to remember where each regular passenger should get off the bus.
Q:Why is teamwork far more important than knowing names in the author?s opinion?
A: Because to ensure a pleasant bus ride, everyone should cooperate as if in a team. The driver should perform his duties well and the passengers should obey the written and unwritten rules. There should be no smoking, no littering, and everyone should behave in a polite and decent manner. Under such circumstances, names are no longer important.
▇ Comprehension questions （Paras. 5-6）
Q:What do they usually do before the bus leaves the station?
A: They all look around and check in their minds if every regular passenger is on the bus. Q:What do you know about the silent woman?
A: She sits up front and never responds to others? greetings. Her worn clothing suggests that she doesn?t have much spare money. However, she is always considerate enough to get a cup of coffee for the driver.
Q:Why does the factory security guard close his eyes during his bus trip?
A: He must be very tired after working a long night shift. But he can open his eyes at the precise moment when the driver approaches his stop and then gets off the bus.
▇ Comprehension questions （Paras. 7-9）
Q:What happened to the rotund gentleman one morning?
A: One morning, as he moved forward to board the bus, he fell down on the sidewalk and was badly hurt. The others all tried to help. They cradled his head until an ambulance arrived. They were all very sad and prayed for him in silence.
Q:Why did the passengers feel a little pride when they think of the new-born baby of the Mexican couple?
A: By taking the same bus together for a long time, they care about each other as if they are of one big family. They have observed how the loving Mexican couple were expecting their baby and
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now that the baby was born, they all feel happy for the young Mexican couple. Q:Why does the author say that they hate to leave the meeting point without the Haitians?
A: Because the Haitian friends have such a sense of fun that the passengers feel happy when they are aboard. So, although they are always late because of their tricky bus route, the passengers are willing to wait for them.
▇ Comprehension questions （Paras. 10-11）
Q:What is the only thing that the author and his wife feel sad about during their Sunday-morning bus trip for many months?
A: They can?t develop a friendly relationship with the silent woman at the front of the bus. She never responds to their cheerygreetings. They feel sad about it.
Q:What was the response of the silent woman when they greeted her in the fish restaurant?
A: When the couple greeted her with the friendly familiarity they had shown all year, she showed her happy recognition this time and responded with a shy smile. Q:Why was the woman silent on the bus?
A: As the author and his wife later found out, the woman had a speech impediment. She was silent because talking was hard for her.
▇ Comprehension questions （Paras. 12-16）
Q: What do you know about the family life of the silent woman?
A: She was a single mother with a disabled son who was receiving special care away from home. She lived alone and felt lonely. The bus ride was the best thing she did all week, and an occasional visit to the fish restaurant was almost as good as the second best thing. She missed her son very much.
Q:Why did she ride the bus on Sunday mornings?
A: She rode the bus on Sunday mornings simply for the companionship of the driver whose name she didn?t know, but who appreciated the hot coffee she brought.
Q:How did the author and his wife feel about the dinner with the silent woman?
A: They all had a wonderful time. For the silent woman, an occasional visit to the fish restaurant was a pleasant experience and this time, it was even better with the companionship of her friends—the author and his wife. The author and his wife also enjoyed the dinner and they felt that the fish had never tasted better.
Q:What happened when they left the restaurant?
A: When they left the restaurant, they were already friends with each other. And they shared their names.
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Unit Two-- Text A: Choose Optimism
I.Teaching Objectives
1. To make clear the writer?s purpose to write the text and the ideas that the writer desire to convey in the text.
2. To grasp the key words, phrases and structure.
3. To master the skills of writing and reading in this unit.
II. Teaching Content
1. Get Started
2. Discovering the Main Ideas
3. Key Words and Expressions for Text A 4.Voicing Your Views
5. Guided Practice (exercises, oral practice and group work) 6. Summary
7.After-Class Assignments
III. Teaching Process 1. Get Started
Discussion
▇Sit in groups of threes or fours and discuss the following questions. 1) How do you feel about your present life? 2) Are you in a bad mood sometimes? If so, why?
3) Do you know how to keep yourself in a good mood?
4) How do youreact to difficulties in life? Can you give an example? 5) Do you think optimism is the key to a happy and better life?
▇ Answers for reference: 1) Possible Answers:
a. I feel happy about my present life.
? My parents love me much and my classmates are friendly and caring. ? I am making progress in my studies every day. ? I am becoming a more independent person. b. I am not happy about my life now.
? It seems that I still cannot adapt to college life very well.
? I find it hard to balance between social activities and studies. ? I have difficulty getting along with my classmates. ? I feel lonely at times. 2) Possible Answers:
a. Yes, I am in a bad mood sometimes.
? whenI have a quarrel with one of my classmates;
? whenI fail to get the desired results in my examinations; ? whenI feel bored and can find nothing interesting to do; ? whenI have a money problem. b. No, I am never in a bad mood.
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3) Possible Answers:
Yes, I know a few ways to keep myself in a good mood.
? Tell myself to be in a good mood every morning when I get up; ? Choose to look at the bright side of things;
? Focus on the things I have rather than things I do not have or cannot get;
? Do some sports or play some computer games to distract myself when in a bad mood; ? Take a walk on campus. 4) Possible Answers:
a. If I meet some problems or difficulties in life, I will face them positively and try my best to solve them by myself.
? My parents hardly have enough money to pay for my education. I did not complain or
feel disadvantaged. Instead, Iset my mindon solving the problem by myself. After I got into college I found a part-time job on campus and managed to earn some money to support myself.
b. I would turn to my parents for help, because they are more experienced in life. And they are always willing to help.
c. I would just ignore them and let them be. There?ll be some kind of solution somehow. Why bother?
5) Possible Answers:
a. Yes, I think so because happiness is a feeling of self-contentment. If I choose to be an optimist and to be always in a good mood, I may feel happier and laugh more, and in this way I can enjoy life more, have more chances of success, and most probably I will live longer.
b. No, I don?t think so. Optimism alone is not enough for a happy and better life. Things may not get better just because of one?s will power or one?s optimistic attitude towards them.
2. Discovering the Main Ideas
1. Answer the following questions with the information contained in Text A.
1) 2)
3) 4) 5)
▆Answers for Reference:
1) According to Rich DeVos, there seems to be a natural cause-and-effect relationship between
optimism and success.
2) Because there is enough good and bad in everyone?s life and this serves as a rational basis
for us to choose either optimism or pessimism.
3) Rich DeVos chooses to highlight the positive and slip right over the negative, because he is
an optimist by choice as much as by nature. And he found that the good in life is far greater and more important than the bad.
4) It tells us that a negative attitude may have a profound effect on the way we feel and act. 5) We can be optimists and still recognize that problems exist and that some of them are not
dealt with easily.
2.Text A can be divided into three parts. Now write down the paragraph numbers of each part and then give the main idea of each in one or two sentences. Part Paragraph(s) Main Idea
1-3 It is necessary to choose optimism to shape our outlook and One
expectations. Two
4-7 The author illustrates the effect ofnegativism through his own experience.
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According to Rich DeVos, what is the relationship between optimism and success?
Why should each of us choose between optimism and pessimism to shape our outlook and our expectations?
What is the author?s choice? Why does he make such a choice? What does the author?s experience in the service station tell us?
What?s the meaning of the sentence “Optimism doesn?t need to be naive”(Para. 9)?
Three
8-10
The author suggests that we direct our attention to positive and constructive thinking rather than to negativism. 3. Key Words and Expressions for Text A
reverse n.
[(of)] the opposite; the other way round [常与of连用]相反
e. g.If you tell these naughty children to do something, they will often just do the exact reverse.
He did the reverse of what we expected: instead of being angry, he bought us a drink. 他所做的和我们的预料正相反——他非但没有生气，反而请我们喝酒。
in reverse
in the opposite way to normal or to the previous situation; vice versa 反过来；反之亦然 e. g.The secret number is my phone number in reverse.
To stop the engine you repeat the same procedures, but in reverse. 若想停下引擎，则重复相同的步骤，但要以相反的顺序。
shape vt.
influence and fix the course or form of 影响（??的形态等）；决定（进程等） e. g. She had a leading role in shaping the party?s policy.
It is said that childhood experiences can shape a person?s character. 据说童年经历能影响一个人的性格。
curse vi. & vt.
express a wish that great misfortune will happen to (sb.), esp. by calling on magical powers 诅咒
e. g.People in many cultures believe witch doctorshave the power to bless or curse their lives.
She cursed him for ruining her life. 她诅咒他，说他毁了她一生。
perspective n.
[(on)]the way in which a situation or problem is judged, so that (proper) consideration and importance is given to each part [常与on连用]（观察问题的）视角 e. g.The novel is written from a child?s perspective.
The new evidence put an entirely different perspective on the case. 新的证据使我们要从完全不同的视角来看待这个案子。
view vt.
[esp. (as, with)]consider; regard; think about [尤与as或with连用]考虑，看，认为 e. g.They try to view the situation objectively.
They viewed the future with some expectation. 他们怀着某种期待看未来。 Collocations:
view sth. as sth. 把??看作??
view sth. from sth. 从??角度来看待??
view sth. / sb. from a … perspective
think about sth. or sb. in a particular way 从??视角来看待某事或某人
e. g. Your point can be viewed from both the woman?s perspective and the man?s.
If we view the problem from a different perspective, a solution may become more obvious. 假如我们从另一个视角考虑这个问题，或许会更容易找到解决办法。
highlight vt.
pick out (sth.) as an important part; throw attention onto 使??显著[突出]，使注意力集中于
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e. g.These figures clearly hightlight the differences in living standards between the two areas.
The report on the accident highlights the need for considerable improvements in safety. 事故报告强调了提高安全的重要性。
slip over
neglect; omit 忽视，忽略；遗漏
e. g.Don?t slip over the important issue.
I?m sorry I completely slipped over his birthday. 很抱歉，我完全忽略了他的生日。
by choice
because one has chosen; as a result of choosing; because of wanting to 出于自己选择地，凭爱好
e. g. Everything we do, we do by choice; and every choice we make, we make for a reason.
I didn?t have to work all weekend — I did it by choice.
我并不是非得整个周末都工作，我是自己选择这样做的。
by nature
as a result of inherent qualities; innately 出于本性地，天生地
e. g. He is by nature a very happy individual; he seems to have been born with a smile on his lips.
It?s not in her nature to be rude; she?s polite by nature. 她生性并不粗野，倒是很有礼貌。
live through
remain alive during and in spite of (a difficult or dangerous period) 活过；经过（困难、危险）之后仍活着
e. g. We were all sad to learn that the old man is in a critical condition and may not live through the winter.
He lived through two world wars. 他经历了两次世界大战。
crisis n.
a point or moment of great danger, difficulty, or uncertainty 危机；紧要关头 e. g.We need someone who can stay calm in a crisis.
Relations between the two countries have reached crisis point. 两国关系已经达到出现危机的地步。 Collocations:
cause/stir up a crisis 引起危机 lead to a crisis 导致危机
overcome/settle a crisis 解决危机 in a crisis 处于危机当中
when all is said and done
when everything is considered or explained; after all 结果，说到底，归根结底；毕竟，终究 e. g.When all?s said and done, he?s only a kid and should be excused for his wrongdoing.
When all is said and done, she was a most remarkable woman with a strongcharacter. 归根结底，她是个非常出色的女士，性格坚强。
feed on / upon
(of a feeling, etc.) become stronger because of; (esp. of an animal or baby) eat（感情等）因??变得更强烈；（尤指动物或婴孩）吃，以??为食
e. g. Our memory is limited, but our imaginationis unlimited, and it feeds on optimism and hope.
His self-confidence fed on encouragement from his father.
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由于有了父亲的鼓励，他的自信心更强了。 CF: feed, nourish, nurture & supply
这些动词均含有“供养、提供、抚养”之意。
feed普通用词，含义广泛。既可指给人或动物提供食物，又可指给植物以养料或为机器等加燃料等。例如：
* The farmer?s wife feeds cattle and sheep every morning.
nourish指提供生长、健康或维持生存所必需的食物或养料，尤指用促进生长的营养品。句中事物名称往往做该动词的主语。例如：
* Milk, eggs, and meat nourish the bodies of growing boys and girls.
nurture表示在幼儿、幼苗的成长过程中予以细心的照料、保护或者可以指帮助计划、想法、感情等发展。例如：
*We want to nurture the new project, not destroy it. supply表示提供所需物品。例如：
*Most large towns are supplied with electricity.
odd a.
different from what is ordinary or expected; unusual 奇特的，古怪的，异常的 e. g. It?s odd of her to dash away without so much as saying goodbye.
It?s very odd that she didn?t reply to our letter. 很奇怪，她没有回我们的信。 CF: strange, odd, peculiar & curious
这些形容词均含有“奇怪的，奇异的，新奇的、好奇的”之意。
strange是普通常用词，含义广泛，指陌生新奇的、奇怪的人或物。例如： *The doctor thought her strange behavior was caused by stress.
odd通常指不同寻常或者出乎意料之外的人或事物，往往令人困惑或感到奇怪。例如： *He is rather an odd man.
peculiar常指因为觉得陌生或者不熟悉而感到有点奇怪。例如： *This food has got a peculiar taste.
curious通常指非常奇特从而能引起人们的好奇心。例如： *It is a curious fact that he never works but has plenty of money.
figure out
come to understand or discover by thinking 理解，想出
e. g.It took Wyler a couple of days to figure out what had happened.
We still haven?t figured out how to do it. 我们仍想不出怎么去做这件事。
disgusting a.
extremely unpleasant and making one feel sick 令人作呕的；令人厌恶的，讨厌的 e. g.Smoking is really a disgusting habit.
I can?t bear the disgusting food in that restaurant. 我受不了那家餐馆那令人作呕的食物。
observation n.
[C; U] an action of noticing or watching 观察，注意，监视
e.g. Most information was collected by direct observation of the animals?behaviour.
He left by the back door to escape observation. 他从后门溜走了，以免被人注意到。 Collocations:
keep/place sb. under observation 监视某人；观察某人 be under observation 受到监视；被观察
accomplish vt.
succeed in doing; finish successfully 完成（任务等）；做成功
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e. g.What exactly do you hope to accomplish this year?
She?s accomplished a great deal in the last few weeks. 在过去几周里，她完成了相当多的工作。 CF: accomplish, achieve, fulfill & complete 这些动词均含有“完成”之意。
accomplish指经过艰苦的努力之后成功地完成了规定的工作、计划、任务等，侧重达到预期目的的整个过程。例如：
*They accomplished the difficult task assigned to them.
achieve指通过持续的努力而完成或实现某事，特别强调由于非常努力以及克服困难后达到目的。例如：
*It is more difficult for a woman to achieve success in modern society.
fulfill指达到预定的目标，如计划的完成、职责的履行、诺言的实现、任务的完成等，侧重于完成心愿或者尽义务的意思。例如：
*Brown was a brilliant musician but he had never fulfilled his early promise.
complete指完成一件指派或预定的任务，或完善、完整未完成的部分，一般指经过比较长的时间以后完成了任务。例如：
*The construction work of the new steel plant has already been completed.
make a difference
have an important effect or influence 有很大影响或关系，很重要 e. g. The rain did make a difference to the game.
When you?re learning to drive, having a good teacher makes a difference. 学习驾驶时，如有一位好教员指导，效果大不相同。
raise vt.
collect together 筹集；召集
e. g.They hope to raise $1 million to buy land.
We made an appeal to raise money for victims of the disaster. 我们呼吁为灾民筹款。
in terms of …; in … terms
from the point of view of 从??观点来看，从??角度来讲 e. g.The job is great in terms of salary, but it has its disadvantages.
The book has been well reviewed, but in terms of actual sales it hasn?t been very successful.
这本书获得了好评，但是从实际销售情况来看，它并不太成功。
address vt.
try to solve 着手解决
e. g.We did not expect that the project should fully address issues of this kind.
He ignored the side issues and addressed himself to the main problem. 他抛开枝节问题，着手解决主要问题。
criticize vt.
[(for)] judge with disapproval; point out the faults of [常与for连用]批评；指责 e. g.Ron does nothing but criticize and complain all the time.
The report strongly criticizes the police for failing to deal with this problem. 报告强烈批评警方没有处理好这一问题。
result in
have as a result; cause 导致，造成
e. g. This move will eventually result in the loss of a lot of jobs.
The accident resulted in the death of two passengers. 这起事故导致两名乘客丧生。
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benefit vt.
(esp. of an action or event) be useful, profitable, or helpful to （尤指一行动或事件）有益于，有利于，有助于
e. g.Exercise benefits our health.
It?s an expensive investment but it will benefit the company in the long run. 这是一项花费很大的投资，但从长远看来，它对公司有好处。
channel vt.
[(into)] direct towards a particular purpose [常与into连用]把??导向（某一特定目的）；引导；集中；朝向
e. g. We should channel our energy into useful activities.
The famine relief money was channelled through volunteer groups. 饥荒救济金是通过志愿者团体的渠道收集来的。
channel sth. into sth.
direct money, feelings, ideas, etc. towards a particular thing or purpose 把??导向（某一特定目的）
e. g.Women were more likely to be channeled into the lower-paying jobs.
I decided to channel my energy into something useful. 我决定把自己的精力用到有益的事上。
concerned with
having an active personal interest; about 关心的，感兴趣的；与??有关系 e. g.Her job is mainly concerned with sales.
This story is concerned with a Russian family in the 19th century. 这个故事讲的是一个十九世纪俄国家庭的事情。
Difficult Sentences for Text A
1. But when all is said and done, I findthat the good in life is far greater and more important than the bad. (Para. 3)
Q: What is the implied meaning of this sentence?
A: Having experienced so many difficulties and crises, the author believes that the good in life is far greater and more important than the bad.
2. Conversely, negative thoughts, attitudes, and expectations feed on themselves; they become a self-fulfilling prophecy. (Para. 4)
Q: Why does the author say negative thoughts, attitudes, and expectations become a self-fulfilling
prophecy?
A: There seems to be a natural cause-and-effect relationship between pessimism and failure. If you expect something to turn out bad, it probably will.
3. That seemed like an odd question, but I felt fine and told him so. (Para. 5) Q: What is the implied meaning of this sentence?
A: The author was feeling great on that beautiful day. Although he was a bit surprised to hear the attendant?s question, he still tells him the fact.
4. Optimism draws our attention away from negativism andchannels it into positive, constructive thinking. (Para. 10)
Q: Paraphrase this sentence.
A: If we take an optimistic attitude towards life, we will look on the positive side of the situation and gradually cultivate a positive and constructive way of thinking.
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4. Voicing Your Views
▆If you were in the following situation, how would you look on the positiveside of the situation? Discuss the topic in groups and share your views with the whole class.The tips in the box may be of some help.
Situation: I had been dreaming of becoming a student at a famous university such as Peking
University or Tsinghua University, but my dream was never realized because of my poor performance at the entrance examination, so I have had to go to a university that does not come up to my earlier expectations.
already do my best look into the future the outstanding people from my university a comparison of my competition situation in my university and Peking University / Tsinghua University the good teaching staff and teaching facilities in my university my strong desire to succeed …
5. Guided Practice
1) Do task one (p. 42) 2) Group discussion
Work in groups of threes or fours to discuss the issues listed on page 15. Ask several students to present their opinions in class.
6. Summary
Ask Ss to retell the text in their own words.
7.After-Class Assignments
1) Review Text A 2) Do exercises: Cloze (p. 60) Translation (p. 61)
3) Theme-related writing (p.62)
Text B
Section A KEY WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS Key Words: ritualn. conservativea. estimaten. entertainmentn. reputationn. hardenvt. priora.
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responsen. startlevt. awarenessn. feedbackn. routinen. historicala. cynicala. commentn. innocenta. significancen. managementn. enormousa.
ritual n. [C; U] one or more ceremonies or customary acts which are often repeated in the same form 仪式（程序）；例行习惯
e.g. My father is in the kitchen conducting his morning ritual — reading the newspaper and
sipping his coffee.
She went through her usual ritual of making sure all the doors were locked before
she went to bed.
conservativea. liking old and established ways; not liking change, esp. sudden change 保守的，守旧的
e.g. It was an extremely conservative society — they were very easily shocked by anything
different or daring.
Some people hold a very conservative attitude toward education.
estimaten. [(of)] a calculation or judgment of the nature, value, size, amount, etc., of sth. [常与
of连用] 估计
e.g. I can give you a rough estimate of the amount of wood youwill need for building a house like this.
The number of people who applied for the course was 120 compared with an initial conservative estimate of 50.
responsen. [C (to)] a reply [常与to连用]回答
e.g. The news provoked an angry response from the public.
I looked in her face for some response, but she just stared at me blankly.
entertainmentn. [C; U] sth., esp. a public performance, that amuses 供消遣的事物（尤指公众娱乐活动）
e.g. The weekend entertainment at school was provided by a folk band.
This season?s entertainments include five new plays and several concerts of Chinese and Indian music.
routine n. [C; U] (a) regular and habitual way of working or doing things 惯例，常规；例行公事
e.g. There?s no set routine at work — every day is different.
She longed to escape from the same old familiar routine.
innocenta.[(of)] (of a thing) harmless in effect or intention [常与of连用] （事物）无害的；没有恶意的
e.g. She was startled by their angry reaction to her innocent remark.
It was an innocent remark and I didn?t mean to hurt his feelings.
startle vt. esp AmE infml[C (of)] cause (sb.) to be suddenly surprised, sometimes making them jump; give an unexpected slight shock〖尤美，非正式〗[常与of连用]使（某人）惊跳，使大吃一惊，吓（某人）一跳
e.g. They were startled to hear they were getting divorced.
You startled me! I didn?t hear you come in!
reputationn. [C; U (for)] (an) opinion held about sb. or sth., esp. by people in general; the degree to which one is trusted or admired [常与for连用]名誉；名声 e.g. She soon acquired a reputation as a first-class cook.
The company has a worldwide reputation for quality.
historicala. connected with history as a study; based on or representing events in the past 历史的，历史学的；基于史实的，反映历史事件的 e.g. The building is of historical importance.
Many important historical documents were destroyed when the library was bombed.
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significancen. [U] rather fml the quality of being significant; importance, meaning, or value 〖较正式〗重要性，意义；含意；价值
e.g. We should be fully aware of the significance of television in shaping our ideas.
The discovery of the new drug is of great significance to people suffering from heart problems.
awarenessn. knowledge or understanding of a particular subject or situation意识，认识 e.g. People?s environmental awareness has increased dramatically over the past decade.
Lack of awareness of this fact has caused many problems in the past.
hardenvt. make or become severe, unkind, or lacking in human feelings （使）变得冷酷无情，（使）变得硬心肠
e.g. As the game progressed, both parties hardened their heart to win.
Police described him the man as a hardened criminal.
cynicala. sometimes deroglike or typical of a person who thinks that people tend to act only in their own interests, and who always has a low opinion (sometimes unfairly) of people's reasons for doing things〖有时贬〗愤世嫉俗的；冷嘲热讽的
e.g. He grew a cynical attitude toward society, well grounded on numerous failing experiences.
She was very cynical about the peace conference and said the president was only there to boost his popularity.
managementn. [U] the art or practice of managing, esp. of managing a business or money 管理；处理；经营
e.g. The company has suffered from several years of bad management.
They need to learn modern management techniques.
feedbackn. advice, criticism or information about how good or useful sth. or sb.?s work is 反馈的意见[信息]
e.g. There?s been a lot of positive feedback on the new proposals.
The company welcomes feedback from people who use its goods.
priora. coming or planned before在前的，在先的，居先的
e.g. They had to refuse the dinner invitation because of a prior engagement.
I was unable to attend the meeting because of a prior engagement.
comment n.[(about, on)] (a) written or spoken opinion, explanation, or judgment made about an event, person, situation, etc. [常与about或on连用] 评论；评语；评注
e.g. He was asked about a pay increase for the factory workers but made no comment. He made several unfavourable comments about their candidate.
enormousa.extremely large; huge 巨大的，极大的，庞大的
e.g. The team has made an enormous effort to strengthen discipline.
He earns an enormous salary, so he can afford to live in an enormous house and drive an enormous car.
Expressions:
have no idea run into mull over
have no ideainfml not know〖非正式〗不清楚
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get/have the hang of sth.
e.g. I fell asleep halfway through the film and now I absolutely have no idea howit ended.
We have no idea how to persuade him to give up the idea.
run intoinfmlmeet (sb.) by chance〖非正式〗偶然遇见
e.g. Sally ran into one of her business colleagues at the beach yesterday.
He was delighted beyond measure to run into an old friend.
mull overthink over;consider for a time; ponder仔细考虑；沉思
e.g. He had been mulling over his father?s suggestion and finally decided that it made sense.
Before you respond, you?d better first mull over what you have heard or experienced.
get/have the hang of sth.infmllearn how to do sth. or use sth., esp. when this needs skill〖非正式〗熟悉某物的用法
e.g. Skiing is not very tiring, once you get the hang of it.
Like anything else, if you do enough of it, you?ll eventually get the hang of what you?re doing.
Section B Difficult Sentences
1. I was now more determined than ever to prove to my students that there was something to celebrate every day and to work a daily dose of good news into our learning environment. ( Para.6)
1) Translate this sentence into Chinese. Key:
于是我比以往更加坚定地要向学生证明：每天都有值得赞美庆祝的事，我还要往我们的学习氛围里每天都注入一些好的消息。 2) Paraphrase the sentence. Key:
Now I was much sure that I should show to my students that every day we always had something good to celebrate and we could always add or include some good news to the classroom every day.
2. My fears that they might be too hardened by life and cynical were quickly allayed. ( Para.9) 1) Translate this sentence into Chinese. Key:
我原本担心他们可能会因为生活而变得太过冷酷无情、愤世嫉俗，但我的担心很快消除了。
2) Paraphrase the sentence. Key:
My worries were soon eased when I found that my adult students had not been left cold and unfeeling by their experience of the world but were as willing as my high school students to share good news with one another.
3. …they said they liked the idea so much that they?d started opening their regular meetings in much the same way. (Para. 9)
1) Translate this sentence into Chinese. Key:
?他们说太喜欢这个主意了，他们用几乎相同的方式来做例会的开场白。 2) Make a sentence with the italicized structure. Key:
My hometown had changed so much that I could hardly recognize it.
4. …I originally had no idea that it would have such a lasting impact on all of us. ( Para. 10) 1) Translate this sentence into Chinese. Key:
?我一开始根本没想到这会给我们所有人产生如此长远的影响。
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2) Make a sentence with the italicized structure. Key:
I originally had no idea that studying a foreign language would have so many benefits.
Section C COMPREHENSION QUESTIONS
▇Comprehension questions (Paras. 1-2) Q1: How did the author start his class? Why?
A1: He started every one of his classes by asking the question “What are we celebrating today”
though sometimes the question was asked in different forms. The author meant to use it as a call for celebrating life and for focusing on the right and the good. He regarded it as a life-affirming ritual.
Q2: Whom was the author teaching?
A2: He taught both schoolchildren and adults.
Q3: For how many years did the author start his class in this way?
A3: It started in the 1970-71 school year and continued until he stopped classroom teaching in
2001. This life-affirming ritual lasted for 30 years.
Q4: Did the author often get positive responses from his students?
A4: Yes. Every time he asked one of the questions, he got five or more positive responses.
▇ Comprehension questions (Para. 3)
Q1: What courses did the author often teach at the high school level?
A1: At the high school level he often taught courses in United States history and in American government.
Q2: What homework assignment did he usually ask his students to do when he taught either of
these two subjects?
A2: When he taught either of these two subjects he would assign a nightly homework in current events.
Q3: Did his students like the homework?
A3: No. They didn?t seem to like it. Current events and homework already had a negative connotation for them. The average high school student doesn?t know anything unrelated to music, sports, and other forms of entertainment. Reading the actual news section of a newspaper was a completely new experience for most of them.
▇ Comprehension questions (Paras. 4-5)
Q1: Were the students happy with their progress in current news?
A1: Yes. They learned how to read current news within a few weeks and were actually surprised at their
newly developed ability to carry on an intelligent conversation about what was going on in the world.
Q2: How was it that the author got startled by one student?s comment on theassignment?
A2: The author had a good reputation among many of his students as “Mr. Positive”. However,
according to one student, his current news assignment was negative, because the news they read in the newspaper was usually bad news, which depressed the students. The author had not thought about that before, and thatwas why he was startled by the student?s comment.
Q3: What agreement was reached after a long class discussion about the student?s comment on the assignment?
A3: After a long class discussion, in which his students were greatly involved, they reached an
agreement that they needed to receive more good news.
▇ Comprehension questions (Para. 6)
Q1: What was the author determined to do in his class?
A1: He was determined to prove to his students that there was something to celebrate every day
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and to add some good news to the classroom every day.
Q2: Did the students understand the author immediately when he asked them to celebrate the day? A2: No, they were confused at first. They thought that the author meant to celebrate the day for its
historical significance.
Q3: Why did the author ask his students to share good news in their own lives?
A3: Because it was hard to find good news in the newspaper. He meant to boost the students?
spirits by sharing good news in their own lives.
Q4: Did the students like the new way to start class?
A4: Yes. They thought it was a great way to start class. And it had a profound and lasting impact
on both the students and the author.
▇ Comprehension questions (Paras. 7-8)
Q1: What did the students learn from sharing bits of good news with each other?
A1: They increased their awareness of all the good news, both small things and huge things, going on
around them in their everyday life all the time. And they learned to look for what was good in everyday life and share it with others.
Q2: What were the three more choices added as ways to celebrate the day?
A2: The first choice was to look for what was called “perpetual good news”, i.e. something or someone
the students were thankful for. The second was to say something complimentary about a classmate. The third one was to share something funny — as long as it was not offensive or considered immoral.
Q3: Why did the author add the three more choices?
A3: Because these choices have implications that cover all aspects of people?s lives — at school, within
their families, in the workplace, among friends, everywhere.
▇ Comprehension questions (Paras. 9-11)
Q1: Did the author?s ritual of celebration prove successful with his adult students?
A1: Yes, it was a great success, too.His adult students absolutely loved it and they had even more good
news than the kids did.Some of his adult students even adopted it in their business management.
Q2: Did the author expect the lasting impact of celebrating the day originally?
A2: No, he didn?t. While enjoying sharing and listening to good news every day, the author didn?t have
any idea of its lasting impact.
Q3: What did his final exam consist of?
A3: His final exam consisted of two parts. Part One was a comprehensive review on all the subject
matter covered during the semester and was done in class. Part Two was a take-home exam and allowed the students to express themselves more fully about their learning experiences.
Q4: When did the author realize the impact of celebrating the day?
A4: He realized the impact of the practice when he read the students answers for Part Two of his final
exam. Almost every student wrote something about the way they started class each day. They all confirmed the positive impact of the practice.
▇ Comprehension questions (Paras. 12-13)
Q1: What was one of the first concerns of the author?s former student of more than twenty years ago? A1: One of her first concerns was whether the author still started class by sharing good news.
Q2: What was her comment on the author?s way of starting a class?
A2: She said that was a great way to start learning because she was put in a good mood for the rest of
the day. She got the habit of focusing on the positive in life instead of the negative. And now she always had something good to talk about.
Q3: Why does the author say that his little ritual of celebration at the beginning of each class had had
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an enormous and everlasting influence on many lives, including his own? A3: Because it had taught them how to look for the good and celebrate it with others. As one of his
former students said, this little ritual had taught everybody to focus on the positive in life instead of the negative. Hence, every day is a celebration.
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New Century College English (BookⅡ)
Unit Three --The Road to Success
I.Teaching Objectives
1. To make clear the writer?s purpose to write the text and the ideas that the writer desire to convey in the text.
2. To grasp the key words, phrases and structure.
3. To master the skills of writing and reading in this unit.
II. Teaching Content
1. Get Started
2. Discovering the Main Ideas
3. Key Words and Expressions for Text A 4.Voicing Your Views
5. Guided Practice (exercises, oral practice and group work) 6. Summary
7. After-Class Assignments
III. Teaching Process 1. Get Started
Discussion
▇Sit in groups of threes or fours and discuss the following questions. 1） What are symbols of success in your opinion?
2） What is a successful person like according to your understanding of success? 3） What is your lifetime dream? Why do you have this dream? 4） How are you going to realize your dream?
5） What are you going to do if you become a successful person one day?
▇ Answers for reference: 4) A possible answer:
Hints for symbols of success:an important position in a big company, a happy and comfortable home or a luxurious car, high social status, wealth, winning national or international honours or receiving public praise, realization of both self and collective values. 5) Possible answers:
Some useful expressions to describe a successful person: intelligent, competent, trustworthy, likeable, respected and loved; enjoy fame and publicity and make news; enjoy high social status and big wealth; laugh much and appreciate the beauty of life and how to enjoy life. 6) Open. 7) Open. 8) Open.
2. Discovering the Main Ideas
Exercise 1:Answer the following questions with the information contained in Text A.
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9) 10) 11) 12) 13) 14) 15) 16) 17)
According to Alex Haley, why does many a young man want to be a writer? Does writing mean glory and wealth in the author?s opinion? What was the author?s life in Greenwich Village like? Did he ever doubt his ability to write? Why or why not? Why did the call from his old acquaintance change his life?
In what way did people like Delaney and Belafonte become role models for the author? How many years did the author keep on writing before his great success?
What did the two sardine cans and 18 cents in the brown paper bag symbolize? What is the meaning of the Shadowland of dreams?
▇ Answers for reference:
9) Because they think that being a writer can bring them wealth and fame.
10) No. The author thinks that writing is a lonely, private and poor-paying affair. Only a few
can succeed after long periods of neglect and poverty.
11) His life in Greenwich Village was very poor. He barely made enough to eat. 12) Yes. Because he didn?t receive a break after writing for a year or so.
13) Because his doubt of his resolution to write was cleared. He was determined to keep on
writing.
14) From them he learned that one had to make sacrifices and live creatively to keep working
hard to realize one?s dreams.
15) He kept on writing for 17 years before his great success.
16) They symbolized his courage and persistence to stick to his dream of writing.
17) The Shadowland of dreams means all the difficulties (e.g. neglect, poverty, doubt,
uncertainty, and fear of failure) people meet with in pursuing their dreams.
Exercise 2:Text A can be divided into three parts. Now write down the paragraph number(s) of each part and then give the main idea of each in one or two sentences.
Part Paragraph(s) Main Idea
Alex Haley explains the difference between ?being a writer? One 1-2
and ?writing?.
The author tells about his struggle to stick to his dream of Two 3-18
writing and his final success.
Three
19-22
The author owes his success to his courage and persistence in
pursuing his dream of writing.
3. Key Words and Expressions for Text A
many a
fml many 〖正式〗a large number of 许多
e. g. 1. Many a scientist has to work long hours alone in the laboratory and sacrifice a great deal
in his or her personal life.
2. I?ve sat here many a time and wondered what happened to her.
我很多次坐在这里想：她发生了什么事？ Usage:
注意many a后接名词单数，谓语动词也需要保持一致。
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fame n.
[U] the state of being known about by a lot of people because of your achievements 声誉，名声，名气
e. g. 1. She achieved her fame at the expense of her marriage.
2. Streisand won fame as a singer before she became an actress. 史翠珊在成为演员之前已经是位知名歌手。 Adjective: famous Collocations:
win/achieve/gain/find fame获得名气 rise/shoot to fame迅速成名
international/worldwide/national fame国际/全球/全国知名
rewardvt.
give sth. to sb. because they have done sth. good, worked hard, etc. 酬报，酬谢，报答，奖赏 e. g.1. She was rewarded for all the hard work she did.
2. His persistence was rewarded when the car finally started. 他那些坚持没有白费，汽车终于启动了。
Adjective: rewarding （指活动等）值得做的, 令人满意的 Collocations:
reward sb. with sth. / be rewarded with sth. 奖励某人某物 reward sb. for (doing) sth. 由于??奖励某人
n. [U] the state of being neglected 被忽略的状况 e. g.1. The house has fallen into a state of neglect. 2. The car shows signs of neglect.
这汽车看样子疏于保养。
Adjective: neglectedshowing a lack of care or attention 不经心的; 不注意的 Collocations:
neglect of… 疏于??
years / decades / centuries of neglect常年 / 数十年 / 数百年被忽略 vt.give too little attention or care to 忽视，忽略
e. g. 1. This is one of the most important issues and we cannot afford to neglect it. 2. The police officer was accused of neglecting his duty.
那位警官被指控玩忽职守。
prospectn.
1. [plural (for/of)]chances of future success （常与for，of连用）成功的机会，前景，前程 e. g.1. Job prospects for college graduates don?t look good this spring.
2. At 25 he was an unemployed musician with no prospects. 25岁了他依然是个没有工作的音乐人，没有什么前途。 Collocations:
job/career prospects工作 / 职业前景
2. [C; U (of)] a possibility that sth. which you hope for will happen soon [常与of连用]（有根据的）指望，期望，展望
e.g. I see little prospect of an improvement in his condition. 我看他的情况没有什么改进的希望。 Collocations:
prospect of (doing) sth. (做)某事的可能性
be excited/alarmed/concerned at the prospect (of sth.)由于??的可能性而感到兴奋 / 警觉 / 关切等 manual
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a.operated or done by hand or without the help of electricity, computers, etc. 手动的 e. g.1. My camera has both manual and automatic functions.
2. Making small models requires manual skill. 制作小模型要手巧。
Antonym: automatic
n.[C] a book that gives instructions about how to do something, especially how to use a machine手册，指南
e.g.Consult the computer manual if you have a problem. 有问题你就查询电脑手册。 Synonym: handbook
put … to the test
force (sb. or sth.) into a difficult situation in order to discover what the limits of their strength, skills, etc. are 使…?经受考验
e. g. 1. Kathy?s students are putting her patience to the test.
2.Paul soon found himself in an emergency situation that put all his training to the test.
鲍尔不久就碰上紧急情况，所有的训练将接受考验。
contract n.
an official written agreement 契约；合同
e. g.1. Read the contract carefully before you sign it.
2. What are the legal consequences of breaking a contract?
毁约的法律后果是什么？
Collocations:
enter into/make a contract (with sb.) 与某人缔结合约 sign a contract (with sb.) 与某人签约 agree a contract同意合约
a contract to do sth.协议做某事
end/terminate a contract (with sb.) 与某人终止合约 break a contract (with sb.) 毁约 win/be awarded a contract赢得合约 renew somebody?s contract续约 fulfil a contract信守合约
the terms of a contract合同条款
stationvt.
[often pass.] put (esp. a person) into a certain place for esp. military duty ［常用被动语态］使驻扎，安置，设置
e. g.1. There were police officers stationed at every exit. 2. The detective stationed himself among the bushes.
那个侦探藏在灌木丛中。 Synonym: post
on the side
1. in addition to one?s main job 作为兼职
e. g. 1. The bus driver is taking some part-time work on the side. 2. Most consultants do private work on the side.
绝大多数顾问都兼职做私活。 2. secretly秘密地，暗地里
e.g.He?s married but he has a girl-friend on the side. 他虽有妻室, 但暗地里还有一个女朋友。 Usage:
phrases with “side”
side by side 肩并肩地；相互支持
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take sides (with sb.) 表示支持某人
look on the right side在困境中看到事物光明的一面
have got out of bed on the wrong side 整天(没有理由地)情绪不好 the other side of the coin 事情的另一面 wrong side out (衣物等)里面被翻转成外面 on the safe side为慎重起见，以防万一
put sth. on/to one side 将某物置于一边，搁置某事 split one?s sides控制不住地大笑，捧腹(大笑)
a thorn in one?s flesh/side不断惹人烦恼或造成妨碍的人或事物 time is on sb?s side某人有充足的时间等待做某事 wellvi
[(up, out)] (of liquid) flow or start to flow out [常与up或out连用]（液体）流，涌 e. g.1. She groaned, as hot tears welled out and wetted her face. 2. Blood was welling out from the wound.
鲜血从伤口中流出。
stick it out
continue to the end (of sth. difficult) 把（难事）坚持到底，忍耐到底
e. g. 1. I did not persuade or influence him; he intended all along to stick it out until the end. 2. He hates the job but he?s determined to stick it out because he needs the money. 他讨厌那工作，但因为需要钱, 只好横下心来干下去。
pace
vi.walk (across) with slow, regular, steady steps, esp. backwards and forwards 踱步（于），慢步走（于）
e. g.1. “We?re going to be late,” Jordan said impatiently, pacing up and down the room. 2. Sam stood up and paced the floor, deep in thought.
山姆起身，在房间里踱着步，陷入沉思中。
n. 1. [C] (length of a) single step in walking or running （走或跑的）一步，一步的距离 e.g. She took two paces forward. 她向前走了两步。
2. [sing] speed, esp. of walking or running 速度（尤指走或跑的） e.g. She slowed down her pace so I could keep up with her. 她放慢脚步好让我跟上她。
3. [U] rate of progress or development, esp. of an activity 进步或发展的速度; （尤指）活动的速度
e.g. This novel lacks pace. 这部小说的节奏太慢。 Collocations:
pace of change / reform / growth etc. 变化 / 改革 / 发展等的速度 pace of life生活节奏
at your own pace你自己的节奏 at breakneck pace非常快 gather pace 加快
keep up the pace继续这样的节奏 at a snail?s pace非常慢
at a rapid / slow/ steady / leisurely/brisk etc. pace以很快 / 慢 / 稳定 / 悠闲 /轻快等的步速
plunge in / into; plunge … in / into
(cause sth. to) fall into sth. suddenly and with force; (cause to) rush into a state of activity（使某物）突然而猛力投入、穿入、进入等；跳入；冲进；（使）投入（某种活动）
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e. g. 1. Colin plunged into the icy waterand saved the drowning child. 2. The pool was declared open and eager swimmers plunged in.
游泳池宣布开放了，急切的游泳者们跳进了水中。
come up with
1. infml produce an amount of money 〖非正式〗找到钱，拿出钱 e. g. 1. How soon can you come up with the money you owe her?
2. We wanted to buy the house but we couldn?t come up with the cash. 我们想买那房子但是拿不出现金。
2. think of (a plan, reply, etc.)想出（计划、答复等） e.g. She came up with a new idea for increasing sales. 她想出了增加销售量的新主意。
rumor has it (that) people are saying 传说
e. g. 1. Rumor has it that we?ll have a new manager soon. 2. Rumor has it that she?s getting married again.
谣传她又要结婚了。
dashvi.
run quickly, esp. when hurrying 冲，猛冲
e. g.1. Harry dashed away before we had a chance to thank him.
2. Olive dashed into the room, grabbed her bag, and ran out again.
奥莉薇冲进房间，抓上包，又跑出去了。
make sacrifices
lose or give up sth. of value, esp. for what is believed to be a good purpose 作出牺牲
e. g. 1. I know that many of your parents have made big sacrifices to get you through tothis point.
2. They made sacrifices to ensure a good harvest. 为确保丰收他们做出了很大牺牲。
trace vt.
[(to)]find the origins of by finding proof or by going back in time [常与to连用]追溯；追查 e. g. 1. She could trace her family tree back to the 16th century.
2. The cause of the fire was traced to a faulty fuse-box. 起火的原因已查出，是保险丝盒中有短路。
pack up
1. put belongings in a case or bag for leaving 收拾行李
e. g. 1. I decided to pack up and leave for home the next morning.
2. We arrived just as the musicians were packing up their instruments. 我们到达时乐师们已经在收拾乐器了。
2. informal stop doing sth, give up or abandon sth. 〖非正式〗不再做某事；放弃某事物 e.g. What made you pack up a good job like that? 那么好的工作你怎么就不干了呢？ 3. informal (of a machine) to stop working〖非正式〗（指机器、发动机等）不工作或不运转，有故障
e.g. The fax machine?s packed up again. 传真机又坏了。
in a / one sense
when considered from only one point of view; partly 在某种意义上；在一定程度上 e. g. 1. Love, in a sense, is a duty.
2. What he says is right in a sense.
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他说的话在某种意义上是对的。
Usage:
several other phrases in no sense 一点也不
in every sense of the word 完完全全 in a general sense 一般来说 in any real sense 真正地 in a (very) real sense 确实地
in a technical sense 从技术角度说
come across
1. meet, find or discover, esp. by chance（尤指偶然）遇见，碰上；发现 e. g. 1. On my way home I came across an old friend of mine. 2. She came across some old photographs in a drawer.
她在抽屉里偶然发现些老照片。 2. to be understood被理解，被传达
e.g. He spoke for a long time but his meaning didn?t really come across. 他讲了很长时间, 但他的意思没有人真正理解。
flood in
arrive or go somewhere in large numbers（大量地）涌入
e. g. 1. After he won the gold medal, calls and letters flooded in from around the world. 2. Donations have been flooding in since we launched the appeal.
自从我们发布了请求，捐款就如潮水般涌入。
press vt.
urge strongly（强烈地）劝说；敦促；催促
e. g.1. They are pressing the government for action.
2. I don?t want to press you, but shouldn?t you be leaving?
我不想逼你, 但你还不该走吗? Usage:
press sb. for sth. 催促某人做某事 press for sth. 强烈要求??
press sth. on sb. 硬要某人接受某事物 press sb. to do sth. 强迫某人做某事
stay the course
last successfully until the end of sth.; not give up in spite of difficulties 坚持到底
e. g. 1. Congratulations go to everyone who participated — they all stayed the course and
proved their worth.
2. I don?t think he?s sufficiently dedicated to stay the course.
我认为他不够坚定, 不会坚持到底的。
Difficult Sentences for Text A
1) For every writer kissed by fortune, there are thousands more whose longing is never rewarded.
(Para. 2)
Q: Translate the sentence into Chinese.
A: 如果有一个作家被幸运之神眷顾，就有数以千计的人心中的渴望（想成为作家）永远无法满足。
Q: “For each/every…” is used to say that there is a relationship between one amount and another. Please make a sentence using “for” in this sense. A: Possible answer:
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There?s one bad apple for every three good ones.
For every three people who agree, you?ll find five who don?t.
2) I wasn?t going to be one of those people who die wondering, “What if?” (Para. 4)
Q: Why does “What if” mean?
A: It means “What would have happened if I had tried”. Q: What does this sentence imply?
A: The author announced his determination: not to follow the example of those people who,
even at their death, are still bothered with the question“What would have happened if I had tried”.
3) It was the opposite, a kind of siren call tempting me to give up my dream. (Para. 5)
Q: What does “siren call” mean?
A: Siren call is the temptation to do something that seems very attractive but that will have bad results.
Q: Why did the author call this “6000-dollars-a-year job offer” siren call?
A: This job did seem very attractive when Alex was publishing nothing and making no money.
Yet, accepting this job meant giving up his dream to be a full-time writer.
4) As the dollars were dancing in my head, something cleared my senses. From deep inside a
bull-headed resolution welled up. (Para. 9)
Q: What does “a bull-headed resolution” mean?
A: “Bull-headed” means “determined to get what you want without really thinking enough about it”. So “a bull-headed resolution” is the strong determination that may seem no sensible to others.
Q: Please paraphrase these two sentences.
A: As I was being tempted by the good pay offered by my old acquaintance, I suddenly
remembered mypurpose of giving up the post as a Coast Guard— my dream was to be a writer. Deep in my heart, the determination of going my own way became stronger and stronger.
5) The shadows had turned into dazzling limelight. (Para. 17)
Q: Please paraphrase this sentence.
A: I obtained success and became the centre of public attention.
6) I?d be hard pressed to say which means the most to me. But only one reminds me of the
courage and persistence it takes to stay the course in the Shadowland. (Para. 21) Q: What does the author mean by “only one”? A:It refers to the brown paper bag and its contents. Q: Please paraphrase this sentence.
A:I would find it difficult to tell which item is the most important one for me. But only one reminds me of the courage and persistence it takes to hang in there or to stick it out until success.
4. Voicing Your Views
▆Work in groups of threes or fours and have a group discussion on How I can Persevere in the
Shadowland of Dreams. You can base your discussion on your own experiences in pursuing your dream and then share your views with the whole class. The following tips may be of some help. believe in myself have a clear career goal 38
develop the will to risk, and don?t fear mistakes address my limitations and try to improve myself plan my goal [resources (资源), methods and time, etc.] develop support systems for my goal choose positive and productive attitudes and behaviours maintain a healthy lifestyle use my imagination and review my goal daily Tips for Persevering in the Shadowland of Dreams:
1) Believe in yourself. If you are not confident about yourself, you tend to lose at the very
beginning and you will not be able to achieve anything. Have the courage of your own convictions. Don?t swing or hesitate and remember the proverb: “Where there is a will, there is a way.
2) Have a clear career goal. Base it on your passion, needs and abilities. Know why you want
your goal and how you and others will benefit. State clearly your desired outcomes and what you want to accomplish.
3) Develop the will to risk. Don?t fear mistakes. Ask: ?What?s the worst that can happen?? Decide
whether you could live with the worst or take steps to reduce the chance of it happening. Live in the present. Don?t worry about what might happen. View mistakes as opportunities to grow. 4) Address your limitations and try to improve yourself. You must know yourself well. You
should make full use of your strong points, and focus on what you can do. You should try your best to acquire the knowledge and the ability you need to achieve your goal.
5) Plan your goal [resources (资源), methods and time]. Outline your goal, strategies and
timeline. Know resources that can help you attain your goal, such as people, associations and the Internet. Make detailed schedules for attaining your goal.
6) Develop support systems for your goal. Try to get your family and friends to support you in
your pursuit of your goal. Meet regularly with other positive, encouraging people who support your goals and celebrate your achievements. Select other sources of positive reinforcement such as books or tapes. Interview successful people who have achieved similar goals. 7) Choose positive and productive attitudes and behaviours. Don?t dwell in the past; don?t worry
about what might happen or view yourself as a victim. Maintain optimism. Reinforce the positive in yourself and others. Expect good things. Replace negative thoughts or statements with positive ones.
8) Maintain a healthy lifestyle. Care for your mind, body, emotions and spirit. Schedule quiet
times to think and reassess. Practice stress relievers such as deep breathing, exercise, meditation. Get sufficient sleep and eat healthily. Take time for fun and friends.
9) Use your imagination and review your goal daily. Imagine yourself living your goal today.
Hold your desired outcome firmly in your mind. See, smell, touch and hear aspects of your goal. Each morning upon rising, review your goal. Repeat the process at night. With every ?no? of defeat you?re closer to a ?yes? of success. If you learn from set-backs and stay the course, success will follow definitely.
5. Guided Practice
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1) Do task one (p. 73) 2) Group discussion
Work in groups of threes or fours to discuss the issues listed on page 74. Ask several students to present their opinions in class.
6. Summary
Ask Ss to retell the story in their own words.
7. After-Class Assignments
1) Review Text A 2) Do exercises: Cloze (p. 93)
Translation (p. 93-94)
3) Theme-related writing (p.94)
Text B
Section A KEY WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS Key Words: creepvi. establishvt. worthya. evidenta. exhausteda. discourageda. refresh vt. sufficienta. consentvi. undergovt. favourablea. remarkvt. resolvevt. somewhatad. surplusn.
creepvi.(crept, crept) move slowly, quietly, and carefully, esp. so as not to attract attention 缓慢或悄悄地行进
e. g.1. No one noticed that the little boy had crept into the room and was sitting there, listening
to our conversation.
2. I heard someone creeping around the house. Synonym: crawl
establishvt.set up; begin; create 建立，创立
e. g.1. Most of the money will be used to establish local industries. 2. This business was established in 1860. Synonyms: found, set up
worthya.
1. deserving respect or serious consideration 值得尊敬的，值得重视的 e. g.1. She says she helps only the worthy poor.
2. The money we raise will be going to a very worthy cause. 2. deserving sth. or to do sth.应得某事物，值得做某事 e.g. 1. Their efforts are worthy of your support.
2. She said she was not worthy to accept the honour they had offered her. 3. suitable for sth.适合于某事物
e.g. It was difficult to find words worthy of the occasion. 很难找到适合于那种场合的言词。
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resolvevt.
1. make a determined decision; decide firmly 下决心 e. g. 1. He resolved not to tell her the truth. 2. She resolved against an early start. Usage:
resolve on / upon / against sth. / doing sth. 决定 / 反对做?? resolve that… / resolve to do… 决定??
2. solve or settle (problems, doubts, etc.) 解决（问题、疑问等） e. g. The crisis was resolved by negotiations.
3. separate (sth.) into it?s different parts 分解或解析（某物） e. g. DNA samples were extracted and resolved. 提取了DNA样本并进行分析。
evident a.[(to)] easy to see, notice, or understand[常与to连用]明白的，明显的 e. g. 1. It soon became evident that she was seriously ill. 2. It was evident to me that he was not telling the truth. Synonym: obvious, apparent
exhausteda. extremely tired 筋疲力尽的
e. g.1. I was exhausted every day when I first started teaching, but I?m used to it now. 2. The exhausted troops surrendered.
discourageda. no longer having the confidence one needs to continue doing sth. 灰心丧气的 e. g.1. Hartman was so discouraged about the way his performing career was going, that he
gave up acting for writing.
2. A lot of players get discouraged and quit. Verb: discourage
Noun: discouragement
somewhatad. by some degree or amount; a little; rather 有几分，稍微，有点 e. g.1. This year?s celebrations should be somewhat larger than last year?s. 2. The situation has changed somewhat since we last met.
refresh vt.
1.make less hot or tired; bring back strength and freshness to 使感到清凉；消除…?的疲劳；使恢复精神
e. g.1. Karl awoke feeling calm and refreshed. 2. He refreshed himself with a cool shower.
2. remind oneself/sb. of facts by referring to notes, etc.（藉助笔记等）使自己或某人想起 e.g. Just refresh my memory: were you born in York? 请再告诉我一次: 你是在约克郡出生的吧?
sufficienta. [(for)] rather fml enough; as much as is needed for a purpose[常与for连用]〖较正式〗足够的，充足的
e. g.1. Sales were not sufficient to make a profit. 2. Is ￡100 sufficient for your expenses? Synonym: enough, adequate Antonym: insufficient
consent
vi.[(to)] rather fml give one?s permission or agreement (to a course of action) [常与to连用]〖较正式〗准许；同意，赞成
e. g.1. He consented to give us a talk on the current international situation. 2. Her father reluctantly consented to the marriage. n. permission to do sth. 允许，同意
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e. g. She was chosen as leader by common consent. Collocations:
with/without sb?s consent 取得某人同意 give/grant (your) consent 给予批准 refuse/withhold (your) consent 不批准 obtain (sb?s) consent 获得允许 prior consent 事先同意 written consent 书面许可 verbal consent 口头许可 parental consent 父母同意
informed consent 获知所有情况后给予的同意 tacit consent 默许
surplusn.& a.(an amount) additional to what is needed or used 过剩的（量），剩余的（量），多余的（量）
e. g. 1. We have a trade surplus of 400 million pounds. 我们有4亿英镑的贸易顺差。
2. Surplus grain is being sold for export.
undergovt.(underwent, undergone) experience (esp. sth. unpleasant, unwelcome, or difficult) 经历，经受；遭受（尤指不好的事）
e. g.1. Teachers are supposed to undergo mid-career training and development. 2.Some children undergo a complete transformation when they become teenagers. Synonyms: experience, go through Collocations:
undergo training接受培训
undergo a change/transformation 发生变化 / 蜕变
undergo treatment/surgery/an operation接受治疗 / 手术 undergo tests/trials经历各项检测 / 磨难等
favourablea.winning favour and approval 博得好感的；赢得赞许的
e. g. 1. She has formed a favourable impression of him, as an intelligent and sincere man. 2. It?s encouraging to receive a favourable report on one?s work.
remark
vt.say esp. sth. that one has just noticed; give as an opinion 谈到，说起 e. g.1. She remarked to us that she found our story very strange.
2. The similarities between the two have often been remarked on. Usage:
remark on / upon sth. / sb. 谈论 / 评论某事 / 某人 remark that…说起??
n. [C] thing said or written as a comment; observation 评论；察觉
e. g. Her remarks on the employment question led to a heated discussion. Synonym: comment Collocations:
make the remark 评论说
a critical/personal etc. remark批评性的 / 个人的等言说
introductory/opening/concluding remarks介绍性 / 开场 / 总结性言论 in sb?s remarks据某人所说
Expressions:
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work out out of in sb’s/sth’s favour in (a) large/great measure add to come on/upon in the meantime
work out (sth.)
1. AmE pay (a debt) with work instead of money〖美〗（以工作）抵偿（债务） e. g.Johnhas offered to work out the debt, but I want the money back immediately. 2. calculate sth. 计算，算出
e.g. I?ve worked out your share of the expenses at 10. 我已经计算出你应分摊的费用是10英镑。 3.find the answer to sth.; solve sth. 找出处理某事物的方法; 解决某事物 e.g. Can you work out what these numbers mean? 你能理解这些数字是什么意思吗?
4. devise sth.; plan sth. 设计某事物; 计划某事物 e.g.The general worked out a new plan of attack.
5. (usu. passive) exhaust (a mine, etc) （通常用于被动语态）挖尽（矿产等） e. g. The silver mine has been worked out. work out
1. develop in a specified way; turn out 按某种方式发展，结果 e.g. Things worked out quite well. 事情的结果很不错。 2. train the body by heavy physical exercise 做大运动量的锻炼 e.g. I work out regularly to keep fit.
add to increase 增加
e. g. 1. The boss complained that pollution added to risks and costs. 2. The bad weather only added to our difficulties.
out of not having; without 缺乏，没有
e. g. 1. What happens if the bank runs out of money? 2. I?m beginning to feel out of patience. 我觉得有些不耐烦了。
come on / upon [no pass.] come across[无被动语态]（偶然）遇见；碰上；发现 e. g. 1. I came upon this website as I was looking for a solution to my problem. 2. We came on a group of students having a picnic at the edge of the forest.
in sb’s / sth’s favour to sb.?s/sth.?s advantage 对??有利
e. g.1.It was wrong of her to have bent the rules in Mary?s favour. 2. The new rules should actually work in your favor.
in the meantime meanwhile（与此）同时；在间隔时间里
e. g. 1. I didn?t see her for another five years, and in the meantime she had got married and had
a couple of kids.
2. Marks are important for entering university, so keep studying, and work hard. In the
meantime, keep thinking about what you are learning.
in (a) large / great measure to a large extent or degree 在很大程度上，多半
e. g. 1. Their success is due in (a) large measure to their determination and courage.
2. His failure is in great measure due to lack of confidence.
Section B Difficult Sentences
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1. I heard one tell the other that not only was the school established for the members of my race, but that opportunities were provided by which poor but worthy students could work out all or a part of the cost of board, and at the same time be taught some trade or industry. (Para. 1) 1) Translate the sentence into Chinese.
Answers for reference:
我听到一个人对另一个说，学校不仅是为了我的种族成员而专门建立的，而且也会提供机会，使穷苦但上进的学生得以支付全部或部分食宿费用，同时也能学会一门手艺或技术。
2) Translate the Chinese sentence into English, copying the above italicized patterns.
山姆告诉我们那次他们不但把钱全丢了，还几乎丢了性命。 Answers for reference:
Sam told us that not only did they lose all their money, but that they came close to losing their lives.
2. I had not been away from home many hours before it began to grow painfullyevident that I
did not have enough money to pay my fare to Hampton. (Para. 3)
1) Please translate the sentence into Chinese, paying special attention to the italicized parts.
Answers for reference:
我离开家，走了还没几个小时，我就清楚而痛苦地意识到，靠我身上这点钱是到不了汉普顿的。
2) Translate the following sentence into English, using “not…before” pattern.
大家和平日子没过两年，国家又陷入了内战。 Answers for reference:
They had not lived in peace for a couple of years before the country was plunged into the civil war again.
3. At last I became so exhausted that I could walk no longer. I was tired; I was hungry; I was
everything but discouraged. (Para. 5)
Translate the following sentence into English by imitating the above sentence from the text. Make sure you use the italicized patterns.
最终我变得非常富有，我可以买得起自己想要的一切东西。然而，我却一点都不快乐：没有人爱我，我也不爱任何人。 Answers for reference:
At last I became so rich that I could afford anything I desired. Yet, I was everything but happy for no one loved me and I loved no one.
4. For some time she did not refuse to admit me, neither did she decide in my favour… (Para.
7)
…and never did any youth pass an examination for entrance into Harvard or Yale that gave him more genuine satisfaction. (Para. 10)
1) What special sentence pattern is used in these two sentences? Answers:
Inversion (倒装).
2) Make two sentences with inversion, using “neither” and “never”. Answers for reference:
For a long time Jane didn?t say no and neither did she agree to go with us. Never have I seen anything so spectacular like this.
Section C COMPREHENSION QUESTIONS ▇ Comprehension questions (Para. 1)
Q: What did the author hear about when working in the coal-mine one day?
A: He heard two miners talking about a school for coloured people somewhere in Virginia. Q: Why did the school appeal to the author?
A: Because the school was set up for black people like himself, and it provided poor but
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worthy students with the chance to work to pay for all or a part of the cost of board, at the same time as teachingthem some trade or industry.
▇ Comprehension questions (Para. 2)
Q: What decision did the author make after hearing about the school? A: He at once made up his mind to attend the school.
Q: Why did the author make a quick decision to go to that school? A: He must have been hoping for such an opportunity for a long time.
▇ Comprehension questions (Para. 3)
Q: What did the author take with him on the way? A: Only a small, cheap bag with some clothes.
Q: How far is the distance from his hometown to the school? A: About five hundred miles.
Q: What trouble did the author run into when he was half way on the road? A: He realized he did not have enough money to pay the fare to his destination.
▇ Comprehension questions (Para. 4)
Q: What kind of situation was the author in when he reached the city of Richmond late one
night?
A: He was tired, hungry and dirty. He was completely out of money. He had not a single
acquaintance in the city,and, being unused to city ways, he didn?t know where to go.
▇ Comprehension questions (Para. 5)
Q: How did the author spend his first night in Richmond?
A: He walked the streets till he became too exhausted to walk any longer. Then he found an
elevated sidewalk and lay under it for the night on the ground.
Q: How did the author earn some money for his breakfast the next morning?
A: He earned some money for his breakfast by helping unloading a cargo of pig iron from a
large ship.
▇ Comprehension questions (Para. 6)
Q: How much money was left when the author finally reached his destination? A: Only fifty cents.
Q: What came to the author?s mind when he first saw the large, three-story, brick school
building?
A: Immediately he felt rewarded for all that he had undergone. He felt his life began to have
a new meaning.
▇ Comprehension questions (Para. 7)
Q: Why was the head teacher hesitant about admitting him as a student at first?
A: Because having been so long without proper food, a bath, and change of clothing, he
looked worn-out and shabby and did not make a favourable impression upon her. She might think he was a worthless loafer or tramp.
Q: Why did the author feel uncomfortable when he saw the head teacher admitting other
students?
A: Because he felt that once given the chance to prove himself, he could do just as well as
they.
▇ Comprehension questions (Paras. 8-9)
Q: Why did the author work so hard to clean the room?
A: Because he realized his future depended upon the impression he made on the head
teacher.
Q: Why did the head teacher finally agree to admit him as a student?
A: Because he had done an excellent job in cleaning the room, which convinced the head
teacher that he had the qualities needed to study at the school.
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▇ Comprehension questions (Para. 10)
Q: How did the author see the sweeping of the room? A: He saw it as his college entrance examination.
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Unit Four -- Being Creative
I.Teaching Objectives
1. To make clear the writer?s purpose to write the text and the ideas that the writer desire to convey in the text.
2. To grasp the key words, phrases and structure.
3. To master the skills of writing and reading in this unit.
II. Teaching Content
1. Get Started
2. Discovering the Main Ideas
3. Key Words and Expressions for Text A 4.Voicing Your Views
5. Guided Practice (exercises, oral practice and group work) 6. Summary
7. After-Class Assignments
III. Teaching Process 1. Get Started
Discussion
▇Sit in groups of threes or fours and discuss the following questions. 4) Do you see yourself as a creative person? Please illustrate your point.
5) Who do you think is the most creative person the world has ever seen? What do you know
about him or her?
6) Why do you think being creative is important for a person or a nation?
7) Are there any creative activities in your college or university? Give some examples.
▇ Answers for reference: 9) A possible answer:
a. Yes, I think I am a creative person. To begin with, I can very often come up with unusual solutions to problems that may baffle most of my classmates. I think I am blessed with the ability to see connections between two seemingly very different things. Besides, I?m never satisfied with just following the well-trodden paths. I?m always eager to try new things and have new experiences.
b. I wish I could say yes, but I?m afraid I?m not very creative. I like to “follow the herd” and it seldom occurs to me to challenge available answers or explanations. In fact, I feel very comfortable when there are clear instructions for me to follow when doing things. And if I am asked to do anything creative such as composing a poem or doing a painting, I truly have no idea where to start. I?m not satisfied with my “follow the herd” mentality, but I don?t know how to get rid of it.
10) Possible answers:
In my opinion, Thomas Edison is the most creative person the world has ever seen and one of
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the greatest inventors of all time. He obtained 1093 patents in the United States alone and laid the groundwork for many technological innovations of the 20th century. His major inventions include the phonograph, an early movie camera and the first practical long-lasting light bulb.
11) A possible answer:
I think being creative is important for a person or a nation because creativity is the essence of life and nature and the whole world is in the process of creation. If a person is not creative enough, he or she cannot solve problems or make any progress, and consequently he or she can hardly survive in this competitive world of ours. The same is true of a nation. If a nation is not creative, it cannot develop and may soon weaken. 12) A possible answer is as follows:
Yes, there are many creative activities in our university. For example, we have initiated a project on campus, called the Innovation Project, which aims to encourage students to be creative in the course of their learning and research. I?m involved in a mini-project on energy saving. We group members meet regularly to exchange information and ideas. It is required that each of us should come up with some inventive ideas about energy saving. We pool our ideas and will present our energy-saving plans to the departments concerned. The Innovation Project in our university has been going on smoothly and some of the resulting inventions have won national awards.
2. Discovering the Main Ideas
Exercise 1:Answer the following questions with the information contained in Text A.
18) 19) 20) 21) 22) 23) 24) 25) 26) Did Steve Jobs ever go to college? Did he graduate?
What did Steve Jobs mean by talking about connecting the dots?
Why was Steve Jobs fired from Apple, a company he started with Woz?
Why did he say that getting fired from Apple was the best thing that could have ever happened to him?
Why did the doctors start crying when they saw the tumor cells of Steve Jobs under a microscope?
Why did Steve Jobs talk about his cancer? What was Steve Jobs? wish for the graduates?
What is meant by the phrase “stay hungry, stay foolish” according to your interpretation?
▇ Answers for reference:
18) Yes, he did. But he dropped out of college after the first six months and then stayed around
for another 18 months going to the classes he was interested in. 19) No, he didn?t.
20) He meant that one should follow his curiosity and intuition. The seemingly “meaningless”
unconnected experiences might contribute to one?s later success.
21) The man hired to run Apple and Steve Jobs had different opinions about the future of the
company. The Board of Directors didn?t side with Steve. So, he was fired.
22) He found that he still loved what he did and decided to start over. He was freed from the
heaviness of being successful to enter one of the most creative periods of his life.
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23) Originally, the doctors believed that his cancer was incurable. After viewing the tumor cells
under a microscope, they found that this form of cancer was curable with surgery. They cried because they were happy for Steve Jobs.
24) He wanted to say that one?s time was limited. So, don?t waste time. Don?t be trapped by
dogma. One should have the courage to follow heart and intuition.
25) He quoted a sentence from The Whole Earth Catalogue and wished them “Stay hungry, stay
foolish”.
26) Most students would most probably accept the following points:
i. Be eager to learn and remain intellectually curious all your life. ii. Be open to new ideas and thoughts and never be trapped by dogma or
conventions.
iii. Never feel satisfied with what you have learned or achieved. iv. Always feel hungry for knowledge and success and never rest on your laurels. v. Remain humble and modest no matter how successful you may be. vi. Always be wise enough to know what you really are and have the courage to
follow your curiosity and intuition.
vii. Never assume that you?re the smartest guy in the world and be always ready to
learn from others.
Exercise 2:Text A can be divided into three parts. Now write down the paragraph number(s) of each part and then give the main idea of each in one or two sentences.
Part Paragraph(s) Main Idea
One Two
1 2-18
Steve Jobs starts the commencement address by talking about
his educational background.
He tells three stories from his life. The first story, which is about connecting the dots, tells the graduates to follow their curiosity and intuition. The second story, which is about love and loss, encourages the graduates to find out what they love and keeploving what they do. The third story, which is about death, tells the graduates not to waste their time but to have the courage to follow heart and intuition instead of worrying about others? opinion.
Steve Jobs ends his speech by quoting the sentence “Stay hungry, stay foolish” from TheWhole Earth Catalogue.
Three
19-20
3. Key Words and Expressions for Text A
truth be told （用于表明后面说出的是真相或真诚的话）说实话； 说真的； 老实说； 说句真心话
e.g.1. Look, truth be told, I don?t want to move and live in the country.
2. Truth be told, lions are only on their paws for about 4-5 hours a day. 事实上，狮子每天用爪子站立的时间只有4-5个小时。
3. Truth be told, I can?t really remember what I did do in those six months. 说实话，我真的不记得那六个月里我做过什么。 drop out
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1. [(of)] stop attending or taking part [常与of连用]不参加，退出；退学 e.g. 1) My mother dropped out of school when she was only 10.
2) She dropped out after 20 kilometers with stomach trouble. 20 公里后她因胃痛而退出了比赛。
2. To withdraw from established society, especially because of disillusion with conventional values拒绝接受传统规范;摈弃社会习俗
e.g. 1) She encourages people to keep their jobs rather than dropping out to live in a commune.
她鼓励人们坚持工作而不是离经叛道地去过公社生活。
2) She longed to drop out of the race and make an independent life for herself. 她真想脱离这个圈子去过自由的生活。
adopt vt.
1. take (sb. else?s child) into one?s family for ever and take on the full responsibilities in law of a parent 承继，收养
e.g.1) Because she was not economically independent, she was forced to have her baby adopted.
2) Many childless couples adopt children. 许多无子女的夫妇收养孩子。
2. to start to deal with or think about something in a particular way 采取，采纳，采用 e.g.1) Parliament adopted a resolution calling for the complete withdrawal of troops.
议会采纳了要求全部撤军的决议。
2) Pupils should be helped to adopt a positive approach to the environment. 应帮助学生对环境采取积极的态度。
figure out come to understand or discover by thinking 理解，想出
e.g. 1. I cannot figure out why the teacher always asks me to answer his questions in class.
2. I can?t figure out what he was hinting at. 我想不出他在暗示什么。
drop in visit unexpectedly or informally 顺道拜访，（未事先通知而）造访 e.g. 1. Why don?t you drop in for a drink one evening?
2. She spent most of the day dropping in on friends in Edinburgh. 她一天的大部分时间都用来拜访在爱丁堡的朋友了。 3. It?s improper to drop in on him so casually. 这样冒冒失失去找他可不好。
call on, see, visit, drop in
这些动词或词组均含有“拜访，访问”之意。
call on: 社交上的正式用语，指无目的、礼节性的短暂拜访，访问者与被访问者之间一
般只有社交或公务关系。
see: 常用词，含义广泛，既可指接受他人来访，又可指去访问他人。 visit: 正式用词，强调出于工作需要的访问，也指亲戚朋友间的看望。
drop in: 多指在计划之外或事先未打招呼的偶然、顺便访问。也可指参观。
stumble into sth. become involved in sth. by chance偶然卷入，无意中卷入 e.g.1. Jane stumbled into acting after she graduated from a medical college.
2. In a moment he stumbled into a trap, set by bear-catcher. 不一会儿他绊跌到捕熊人设的陷阱里。
3. Not seeing the brick in the path, Carl tripped and stumbled into the wall.
space vt. [usu. pass.] place apart; arrange with spaces between [一般用被动语态]（用间隔）分隔开
e.g. 1. You must space out the posts three meters apart according to the requirement.
2. Women once again are having fewer children and spacing them further apart. 女人再次减少了生孩子的数量，而且生育之间相隔的时间也更长了。
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