hardly(... when), no sooner(... than), not until等开头的句子。 eg. Little did I dream that such a thing would happen. Never have they ever seen an animal like that. Rarely does such a thing happen in our district. In no circumstances will I allow you to go there. Hardly had I got home than it began to rain. Scarcely had she left when the phone rang again. Not only are the students interested in the film, but also the teacher began to love it. Not until people lose their health do they realize its value. 注：not until引导的句子里，主句的主谓倒装。 B)以only开头的句子。
eg. Only on one point do I agree with you. Only when his mother came home did the boy begin to do his homework. 注：only引导的句子里，主句的主谓倒装。 C)以so加上形容词或副词开头的句子。
eg. So busy is he that he has no time to read newspapers. So fast did he run that I could not keep up with him. D)以so, neither, nor + V. + S.的句型，表示?另一个也（不）如此?。 eg. Mary spent the whole evening watching TV, and so did Jane. It is hot today. So was yesterday. The geography books haven’t arrived. Neither have the history books. He can’t remember the new telephone number. Nor can I. 注：有时以so开头的句子不用倒装形式，这是这个句子的意思是?的确如此?，只是表示完全同意前面一句话。
eg. ―You forgot to bring the textbook with you!‖ ―Good heavens! So I did.‖ ―Bill is the cleverest in our class.‖ ―So he is. E)以一些副词或词组如often, always, many a time, well, thus等开头的句子。 eg. Often do I see the man in the supermarket. Well do I remember my first day at school. Thus was the emperor cheated. F)句型 ―Gone are the days when...‖ eg. Gone are the days when I was young.
*G)虚拟条件句中，把were, had, should放在句首，省略连词if.。 eg. Were I in your place, I would accept the job. Had I known it then, I would not have done it.
Should it be Sunday tomorrow, I would go with you.
高考真题试析： 01年27题
So difficult ____ it to live in an English-speaking country that I determined to learn English well.
A.I have felt B. have I felt C. I did feel D. did I feel
选D。本句考倒装结构。在so + 形容词或副词这一短语出现在句首时，要用部分倒装结构。同时在做选择时，还要注意句子的时态，因为后面用的是过去时态I determined ，所
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以就不能选B（现在完成时态）。
01年30题
I don’t suppose anyone will volunteer, ____? A. do I B. don’t I C. will they D. won’t they
选C。这是一句反意疑问句，所提出的疑问决不可能是针对?我是否这样设想的？?，而一定是?有没有人自愿？?。所以选项就只能集中到C、D，而像suppose，think，believe之类的动词后面带宾语从句时，一般把从句的否定结构提前。所以本句的答案选C。
02年28题
Mrs Black doesn’t believe her son is able to design a digital camera, ____? A. is he B. isn’t he C. doesn’t she D. does she
选D。本句考反意疑问句。在主从复合句中，一般反意疑问句的疑问部分根据主语来提出，除非是由?I believe/think/suppose......?开始的句子，才要就宾语从句中的内容提问。这是因为逻辑上是决不可能提出?我是否这样想/相信/设想的？?这种愚蠢的问题的。本句并不在这个例外的范畴之中，所以选D。
02年32题
―You forgot your purse when you went out.‖ ―Good heavens, ____.‖ A. so did I B. so I did C. I did so D. I so did
选B。本句考的是so的用法。以so开头有两种句型，一种是?so + 动词 + 主语?的倒装语序，另一种是?so + 主语 + 动词?的正常语序，两种句型表达的意思是不同的。倒装语序的句型表示?（另一个人）也如此/也一样?，前后两个短句中的主语一般是不一样的。而正常语序的句型只表示赞同前一句的意思，没有任何新的含义。因此，本句选B就是因为前一句讲的是?你昨天出去的时候忘记拿你的钱包了。?第二句要表达的是?天哪，我真的忘记了。? 所以只能用正常语序的句型。
03年38年
Only when your identity has been checked， ____. A. you are allowed in B. you will be allowed in C. will you allow in D. will you be allowed in
选D。本题考倒装结构。only放在句首，主句必须用部分倒装结构。另外，根据意思，还要考虑到you与allow in是动宾关系，所以用被动形式。
04年31题
Bill’s aim is to inform the viewers that cigarette advertising on TV is illegal, ____? A. isn’t it B. is it C. isn’t he D. is he
选A。这题考反意疑问句。反意疑问句在一般情况下，应该跟主句的主谓语相一致。本句的主语是Bill’s aim，所以应该选A而非C。
04年41题
____ snacks and drinks, but they also brought cards for entertainment when they had a picnic in the forest.
A. Not only they brought B. Not only did they bring
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C. Not only brought they D. Not only they did bring
选B。本题考倒装结构。当not only出现在句首时，我们要用部分倒装结构，所以选B。
04年（春）31题
There is no light in the dormitory. They must have gone to the lecture, ____? A. didn’t they B. don’t they C. mustn’t they D. haven’t they
选D。本题考反意疑问句。因为前半句中的must have gone是一种猜测的用法，所以在反意疑问时，不用情态动词must，而要用当作真实的动作来问。must have done可以是对过去动作的一种猜测，也可以是对一个完成的动作的猜测。根据上下文可以看出，这里是对完成时态的猜测，前面一句用的是?There is no light...?，所以选D。
05年（春）30题
. On top of the books ____ the photo album you’re looking for. A. is B. are C. has D. have
选A。本题考倒装结构。当介词短语放在句首时，我们要用全部倒装结构，并根据上下文，可以知道全句的意思为?你正在找的照相本在那些书的上面。?主语是单数，所以选is。
05年29题
There was a loud scream from the backstage immediately after the concert ended, ____? A. wasn’t there B. was there C. didn’t it D. did it
选A。本题考反意疑问句。反意疑问句一般跟主句的主谓一致。因为本句的主句是there be结构，所以反意疑问句就跟there be一致，因此选A。
05年39题
Never before ____ in greater need of modern public transport than it is today. A. has this city been B. this city has been C.was this city D. this city was
选A。本题考倒装结构。否定词放在句首，应该选用部分倒装结构，而且?从来也不?应该是现在完成时态。
06年（春）34题
Just in front of our house ____ with a history of 1,000 years. A. does a tall tree stand B. stands a tall tree C. a tall tree is standing D. a tall tree stands
选B。本题考倒装句。因为句子是以介词短语开头，主语是名词，所以我们要用全部倒装结构。所以只有B是正确的。
07年31题
―How was the televised debate last night?‖ ―Super! Rarely ____ so much media attention.‖
A. a debate attracted B. did a debate attract C. a debate did attract D. attracted a debate
选B。因为句首是否定词的时候，我们要用部分倒装结构，所以B是正确答案。
语法讲座：连词和状语从句
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一、连词 1．并列连词
用来连接两个并列成分（词、短语或句子）的连词是并列连词。
A)表示对等关系的连词主要有and, both...and..., not only...but also..., not only... but ......as well, nor, neither, neither... nor..., not... or...。 eg. The policeman blew his whistle and the car stopped.
Turn the handle to the right and the box will open. (= If ......) I have not said that before, nor will I ever say so in the future.
B)表示转折关系的连词主要有but, however, neverthe less, (and) yet, (but) still, while。 eg. I enjoy crime stories, but it doesn’t mean that I will commit a crime myself. Tim was very tired, however, he kept on working. It may rain, nevertheless, we will start on our trip.
There seems little chance for him, but still he doesn’t want to give up. C)表示选择关系的连词主要有or, either... or..., whether... or..., otherwise。 eg. Either you leave the house, or I’ll call the police.
Hurry up, or/otherwise, you’ll miss the train. (= Unless......) D)表示因果关系的连词主要有for, so, therefore。
eg. It must be very cold outside, for the river is frozen over.
I was absent minded, so I didn’t hear the teacher’s instruction.
The old woman expected her son would come back, therefore, she left the door unlocked.
2．从属连词
从属连词可以引导各种从句，它们的功能就是把主句和从句连接在一起，但是在学习的时候千万要注意，与汉语有所不同，英语中主句和从句之间，一般只要用一个连词就可以了，这就是为什么我们在英语中?因为?，就不好再用?所以?，用了?虽然?就不好再用?但是?的道理。当然有些原本是由两个部分构成的连词不包括在内，如：both... and...；not only..., but also... ；hardly... when...等
很多从属连词还有自己的意思。所以在学习从句的时候，掌握连词的正确使用是十分重要的。因为我们下面会分别讨论各种从句，所以从属连词的内容就放到各种从句中再详细讨论学习。
二、状语从句 1．时间状语从句
A)常用连词：when, whenever, while, as, before, after, till, until, since, as soon as, once, hardly...when, no sooner... than, by the time, each time, every time, the moment, the first time等。
eg. Phone me whenever you meet with problems. As days went by, it was getting colder and colder. Once you master the rules, it will become very easy. By the time he reached the airport, the plane had already taken off. Every time we go on a picnic it rains. You are sure to recognize the man the moment you see him. The first time the director saw her, she was quarrelling with her classmates. B)复习要点：
a)注意时间状语从句中，一般要用现在时态代替将来时态。
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