动词称作主要动词(Main Verb)。
助动词自身没有词义,不可单独使用,例如: He doesn't like English.他不喜欢英语。
(doesn't是助动词,无词义;like是主要动词,有词义) 2) 助动词协助主要动词完成以下功用,可以用来: a. 表示时态,例如:
He is singing.他在唱歌。
He has got married.他已结婚。 b. 表示语态,例如:
He was sent to England.他被派往英国。 c. 构成疑问句,例如:
Do you like college life你喜欢大学生活吗
Did you study English before you came here你来这儿之前学过英语吗 d. 与否定副词not合用,构成否定句,例如: I don't like him.我不喜欢他。 e. 加强语气,例如:
Do come to the party tomorrow evening. 明天晚上一定来参加晚会。 He did know that.他的确知道那件事。
3) 最常用的助动词有:be, have, do, shall, will, should, would
助动词be的用法
1) be +现在分词,构成进行时态,例如: They are having a meeting.他们正在开会。
English is becoming more and more important. 英语现在越来越重要。 2)be + 过去分词,构成被动语态,例如:
The window was broken by Tom..窗户是汤姆打碎的。
English is taught throughout the world.世界各地都教英语。 3) be + 动词不定式,可表示下列内容: a. 表示最近、未来的计划或安排,例如:
He is to go to New York next week..他下周要去纽约。 We are to teach the freshpersons.我们要教新生。 说明: 这种用法也可以说成是一种将来时态表达法。 b. 表示命令,例如:
You are to explain this.对此你要做出解释。
He is to come to the office this afternoon.要他今天下午来办公室。 c.征求意见,例如:
How am I to answer him我该怎样答复他 Who is to go there谁该去那儿呢 d. 表示相约、商定,例如:
We are to meet at the school gate at seven tomorrow morning.我们明天早晨7点在校门口集合。
助动词have的用法
1)have +过去分词,构成完成时态,例如:
He has left for London.他已去了伦敦。
By the end of last month, they had finished half of their work. 上月未为止,他们已经完成工作的一半。
2)have + been +现在分词,构成完成进行时,例如: I have been studying English for ten years. 我一直在学英语,已达十年之久。
3)have+been +过去分词,构成完成式被动语态,例如: English has been taught in China for many years. 中国教英语已经多年。