大学英语精读第3册 第1课 课后阅读
READING ACTIVTTY
Skill: Basic Reading Skill III How do Use a Dictionary
In Books 1 and 2 we have suggested using context clues and word part clues to help determine the meaning of unfamiliar words. But when those methods don't work, you have to use the dictionary. A dictionary is like any other tool: you must familiarize yourself with it and learn how to use it before it begins to work well for you. We would advise you to use an all English dictionary, as it provides you with word definitions often impossible to learn in other ways, Here is an example of the dictionary entry for the word \
Now let's see if you can decide which of the definitions from the above entry best fits the \hat part of speech it is.
1. The accident took place when the miners had just gone down the shaft.
2. There seemed to be a shaft of light in the far distance. None of us could tell what it was.
3. If you shaft some body who is already down, no one will trust you any more.
4. The shaft of love has struck him all of a sudden.
5. There might be something wrong with the shaft of the engine.
Passage
Read the following article, and the do Exercises A B and C. Words to Know Justice 司法
Await wait for
Shot 开枪;射击
Insurance 保险
Cabin 小屋
Legal 法律(上)的,合法的, 法定的
Scare frighten
Expense cost in money, time or effort
Interfere 干涉
Partner 伙伴合伙人
Surrender 投降
Settlement 解决;清偿;支付
Justice Gets Its Shot at Policeman Mike Royko
Joel Smith is in poor health and he is thinking of retiring to a quiet cabin in Tennessee. But a few years ago he was strong and he liked his job as a cop in the Chicago suburb of Rosemont.
One day in 1979, he was informed that a man was firing a gun in front of an apartment complex. The man had quarreled with his girlfriend and had fired a gun into the air to scare away people who were interfering. Then he dragged her into his apartment.
Smith and his partner hurried there, knocked, and told him to let the girl go. But the man threatened that if they came in, he would blow their rear quarters off. When they kicked the door open, the man shot twice, Smith was hit in the hand and leg. Then the man threw down his gun and surrendered.
()He was Kerry Rudman, 33, and no stranger to trouble. At the time of the shooting, he was awaiting trial for robbing a jewelry store in a suburban shopping mall.
Smith spent a week in the hospital and six weeks at home. But by 1981 he had to have further surgery on his hand. And month later, he suffered a stroke. The doctors said the blood clot could have been the re
sult of the bullet wounds.
His marriage suffered and ended in divorce. That, too he says was the result of the shooting.
Rudman pleaded guilty and was sentenced to a total of six years in prison for the robbery and the shooting of Smith.
But he served less than half of that. He was out in 27 months. ()So that amounts to about a year for shooting and possibly disabling a cop, and a year for robbing a jewelry store.
While in prison, Rudman developed a thirst for knowledge and went to the prison library. He read law books, and then filed a federal suit against the policemen. He said they attacked him and that he shot only in self-defence. And they beat him so badly that they broke one of his fingers. This ,he said, deprived him of his civil rights, and he asked for $ 150,000 in damages.
When Smith heard about the law suit, he was outraged at Rudman's gall. So Smith sued Rudman for shooting him.
\ was found guilty again in the civil suit.\
A jury agreed with Smith. They later awarded him $ 35,000 damages from Rudman, But Smith hasn't seen a nickel of the money.
It turned out that Rosemont's insurance company decided that fighting Rudman's civil rights suit wasn't worth the legal expense. So the company offered Rudman a $6,000 settlement. (3)Being no dummy, he quickly accepted. Not many guys shoot a cop and pocket $6,000 for their efforts.
Smith's lawyer went before a federal magistrate who is handing this matter and filed legal papers that would force the insurance company to give the $6,000 to Smith instead of Rudman. That does make a certain amount of sense, since Rudman, the exgunman, does owe Smith, the ex-cop $35,000.
But for some reason this angered the federal magistrate. He griped that Smith's lawyer was just harassing Rudman and his lawyer. (4)So in what seems like an unusual ruling, he told the insurance company to write out a check to him, the magistrate. Then he, the magistrate, could write out a personal check to Rudman, the ex-gunman. And that would settle the affair. The checks could be written at any moment.
When the magistrate, James T.Balog, was asked about this check-writing arrangement, he said he could not discuss it since the case is stil
l pending. (5)But if he goes ahead with it, Rudman will get the money. And Smith, the disabled cop, will limp away to a cabin in Tennessee, knowing that all he got was the shaft.
Exercise A
1can you tell correctly, with reference to the dictionary entry given above, what \
2please look up the words below in an all English dictionary: (1)mall (2)sue (3)jury
(4)dummy (5)pending
exercise B
choose the best answer for each of the following: 1. The incident took place in ____ . a. Rosemont b. Tennessee c. Chicago
d. a suburban shopping mall
2. When the shooting incident happened, Rudman ____ . a. had already committed robbery b. was robbing a jewelry store
c. was trying to rob a jewelry store
d. was waiting his time to rob a jewelry store
3. When did Smith have a stroke? s. six weeks after he had been hit. n. one month after he had been hit. c. seven weeks after he had been hit. d. about two years after he had been hit.
4. How long did Rudman stay in prison? a. six years. b. one year
c. a little more than two years.
d. three years.
5. Rudman said that he had shot because he wanted to ____ . a. kill the policemen b. scare away people c. defend himself
d. blow their rear quarters off
6. Who is supposed to pay the policeman $ 35,000? a. smith's lawyer. b. Kerry Rudman.
c. the jury.
d. Rosemont's insurance company.
7. Rosemont's insurance company proposed to give Rudman $6,000 as a settlement mainly because ____ .
a. it was not worth their while fighting his suit
b. they thought the legal expense might cost them more in the end c. they considered Rudman as a dummy
d. Rudman had sued Smith for ill-treatment. So he was entitled to be awarded the money
8. In the author's opinion, who is more unfortunate? a. Kerry Rudman. b. James T. Balog. c. Joel Smith.
d. Rosemont's insurance company.
9. The title of the article means ___ . a. it is justice that shot the policeman
b. it is the judge who shot the policeman
c. the policeman is unfairly treated by the court d. justice will be done when the policeman is shot
10. Which of the following statements is NOT true? a. smith asked for $ 15,000 in damages.
b. smith got divorced as a result of the shooting. c. smith was physically disabled.
d. smith would live in Tennessee in future.
Exercise C
Translate into Chinese the underlined sentences in the passage.
GUIDED WRITING
1 Arrange the following sentences in logical order so that they form a coherent piece:
1. one night he went out for a walk alone.
2. the man was nearly out of sight when the Frenchman found that his watch was gone.
3. A Frenchman had arrived at a small Italian town and was staying with his wife at the best hotel there
4. he thought it was the Italian who had taken his watch.
5. The Frenchman threatened the Italian with his first and pointed to his watch-pocket.
6. when he returned to the hotel the Frenchman told his wife what had happened.
7. suddenly he saw a young Italian hurrying past him.
8. He decided to follow him.
9. In the end the puzzled Italian was forced to give up his watch to Frenchman.
10. Now he realized that by mistake he had robbed the Italian of his watch.
11. soon the Frenchman caught up with the Italian.
12. He was greatly surprised when his wife pointed to the watch on the table.
13. Neither of them understood the other's language.
2 write a story about A Funny Mistake in 150 words or so on the basis of the following dialogue:
(A police officer saw a man climbing down a drainpipe(排水管) from an open bedroom window. The officer caught him by the arm the moment he reached the ground.)
police Officer: It's 8:!5 on a Sunday morning, and this sort of thing seems an unlikely adventure at such a time. Would you mind explaining?
Man: I know what you're thinking, officer, but it isn't true. This is a very funny mistake.
Police officer: Well, you've just left this house in a manner other than the usual one. That may be quite innocent, but I'd like to make sure. Name, address and occupation.?
Man: Charlie Crane, lorry (AmE truck) driver, from Nottingham, 51Brecon Street.
Police Officer: Yes, What were you doing like a fly on that wall, Mr. Crane?
Man: Well, I had a breakdown(汽车抛锚) yesterday and had to stay the night here. The landlady's name is Mrs. Fern. She gave me breakfast at seven, and I got out of here in the right way. Later I realized I'd left 80 under the pillow here in her house. So I came rushing back. I rang the bell for ten minutes but no one answered the bell. And then I spotted my bedroom window still open. Up I went, then, up this pipe. She hadn't made the bed, and the money was still there. You know the rest, and I hope you believe it ...
Mrs. Fern: (from the kitchen window): Mr. Crane, whatever are you doing here? I thought you'd gone away an hour ago.
Exercise B
1.a 2.a 3.d 4.c 5.c 6.b 7.b 8.c 9.c 10.a
Exercise C
1. 他叫克里 . 拉德曼， 33 岁，惹是生非已经不是第一次了。
2. 那就是说，枪击并可能致残一位警察只服了约一年的刑，抢劫珠宝店也仅服刑一年。
3. 他可不是傻瓜，赶紧接受了。没有几个人枪伤了警察，还能因此捞进 6 千美元。
4. 于是在一项显得非同寻常的裁决中，法官要保险公司开一张支票给他本人
5. 可是，如果他果真照此办理，拉德曼便能得到这笔钱。
Unit 1 A Brush with the Law
Key to Study & Practice
Understanding the Text III.
1.d 2.c 3.d 4.b 5.c 6.d 7.a 8.b
Vocabulary
VI .
1. at first 2. turn... against 3. a couple 4. takes his time 5. due 6. confirmed 7. complain
8. subsequent 9. stands a chance 10. has committed
VII.
1. due 2. commit 3. regarded as 4. has saved up 5. stood a chance 6. were awarded
7. Meanwhile 8. conducted 9. casual 10. around (which student life) revolves
VIII.
1. put off 2. went on 3. regarded as 4. Called on /upon 5. looked in
6. turned (Joe) against (his twin brother) 7. getting on 8. give in 9. ask for 10. will depend on IX.
1. Yes, but they complained about the high cost of living.
2. He was found wandering around.
3. He tried to appear casual as he asked her to dance. 4. It's completely arbitrary. I wish it weren't true 5. No, it was a long and difficult process.
Word Building X.
1. un + a. → a.
uncertain, unafraid, unadvisable, unfamiliar, unequal 2. un + p.p. → a.
unanswered, unattached, unexpected, unknown, undecided 3. un + ad. → a.
unhappily, unskillfully, unconsciously, unnecessarily, uncomfortably
4. un + v. → v.
unsay, undress, untie, unlock, unload
XI.
1. reliable 2. changeable 3. enjoyable 4. exhaustible 5. permissible 6. regrettable 7. breakable 8. imaginable 9. workable 10.applicable XII.
1. countercharge 2. counterattack 3. counterpart 4. counteract 5. countermeasures
6. Counterculturists
Structure XIII
1. It turned out that his methods didn' t work at all.
2. It turned out that the necklace was not made of diamond, but of glass.
3. It turned out that the \ime!
4. It turned out that the experiment was much more difficult than they had supposed.
5. It turned out that your nephew is the most suitable person for the job.
6. To his surprise, it turned out that the fashionable young lady he spoke to was a pickpocket.
XIV.
1. …it was indeed a miracle that he had done so much in so short a time .
2. …the young people have done a good job. 3. …x minus four is six.
4. …he can finish the work in a couple of weeks. 5. …the goal can certainly be attained. 6. …Paul might make it.
Cloze (A)
1. obvious 2. guilty 3. conducted 4. respectable 5. regarded 6. confirm 7. dismiss
8. stood a chance 9. apologize 10. awarded 11. circumstances 12. subsequent
(B)
1. into 2. at 3. Before 4. car 5. station 6. confirmed 7. injured 8. drunk 9. jail/ prison 10. charged
11. court 12. dismissed 13. but 14. fine 15. where 16. killing 17. from 18. up 19. fine 20. free
21. not 22. who 23. drunken/drunk 24. or 25. received 26. such 27. why 28. injured
Translation
1. The spokesman made it clear that the President would not cancel the trip under any
circumstances.
2. We believe what he has said, because he is well-educated, comes from a respectable family,
and what' s more , he is reliable.
3. The subsequent events confirmed my suspicions once again.
4. At the press conference held after the game, the football coach apologized to the fans for
his team's poor performance.
5. To our surprise, the governor who had often been praised for his honesty turned out to be
a corrupt official.
6. A few workers were promoted, but meanwhile hundreds of workers were dismissed.
7. Given the chance, John might have become an outstanding painter. 8. At first I thought he was joking, but then I realized he was serious.
Key to Reading Activity
Exercise B
1. a 2. a 3. d 4. c 5. c 6. b 7. b 8. c 9. c 10. a
Exercise C
司法部门向警察倒打一耙
迈克?罗伊克
乔尔?史密斯身体不好，正在考虑退休，住在田纳西州一个安静的小木屋去。可就在几年前，他还是壮壮实实的，热爱自己在芝加哥郊区罗斯蒙特所从事的警察工作。
1979年的一天，他得知有个男子在一幢公寓大楼前开枪。这人刚跟他女朋友吵过架，还朝天开了一枪想吓退那些正在劝架的人，随后他就把她拖进了自己的住所。
史密斯和他的同事匆匆赶到那里，敲门要他放了那女的。那人却威胁说，他们要是闯进来，他就把他们的屁股都打烂。他们把门踢开后，那人开了两枪。史密斯手上和腿上各挨了一枪。随后那人就放下枪投降了。
（1）他叫克里?拉德曼，33岁，惹事生非也不是第一次了。就在枪击事件发生的那阵子，他还因为抢劫郊区的购物中心的一家珠宝店而在候审。 史密斯在医院住了一个星期，又在家休养了6个星期。可是到了1981年，他不得不再次接受手部手术治疗。一个月之后，他还中了一次风。医生们说血块可能是枪伤所致。
他的婚姻发生了危机，最后以离婚告终。他认为那也是枪击事件的后果。
拉德曼认了罪，因抢劫和枪击史密斯总共被判处6年徒刑。 但他只服了不到一半的刑期，27个月后就出狱了。（2）那就是说，枪击并可能致残一位警察只服了约一年的刑，抢劫珠宝店也仅服刑一年。
在狱中，拉德曼萌发了求知欲，常去狱中图书馆。他阅读各种法律书籍，接着就对那两个警察向联邦法庭提出了起诉。他声称两人袭击他，他开枪纯属自卫。他们还狠揍了他一顿，把他的一个手指都打断了。他说这是剥夺了他的公民权，为此他要求15万美元的赔偿。
史密斯听说了一这诉讼之后，对拉德曼的厚颜无耻怒不可遏。于是他起诉拉德曼枪击自己。
\我不是为了钱。我只是想一定要让他在民事诉讼案中同样被判有罪。\
陪审团和史密斯的看法相同。后来陪审团判定他应从拉德曼那儿获得3万5千美元赔偿金。可这笔钱史密斯至今连一个子儿都没见着。
原来，罗斯蒙特的保险公司认定，跟拉德曼打民事诉讼官司连诉讼费用都捞不回来。于是保险公司提出给拉德曼6千美元了结这事。（3）他可不是傻瓜，赶紧接受了。没有几个人枪伤了警察，还能因此捞进6千美元。
史密斯的律师向处理这一案件的联邦法官提交了有关法律文件，强令保险公司将6千美元给史密斯，而不是给拉德曼。这多少还说得过去，因为曾持枪伤人的拉德曼的确欠原来当警察的史密斯3万5千美元。
可是，不知由于什么原因，那位联邦法官为此大为恼火。他抱怨说史
密斯的律师不过是在骚扰拉德曼及其律师。（4）于是在一项显得非同寻常的裁决中，法官要保险公司一张支票给他本人，然后他这个联邦法官，再开一张个人支票给曾持枪伤人的拉德曼，这样就能把事情了结了。这两张支票随时都可能开出。 当法官詹姆斯?T?巴洛格被问及开支票这一安排时，他表示无可奉告，因为此案尚未判决。（5）可是，如果他果真照此办理，拉德曼便能得到这笔钱。 而史密斯，这位被致残的警察，将一瘸一拐地去田纳西州的某个小木屋，明白自己完全是被耍弄了。
Key to Guided Writing
I.
3, 1, 7, 2, 4, 8, 11, 13, 5, 9, 6, 12, 10
A French man had arrived at a small Italian town and was staying with his wife at the best hotel there. One night he went out for a walk alone. Suddenly he saw a young Italian hurrying past him. The man was nearly out of sight when the Frenchman found that his watch was gone. He thought it was the Italian who had taken his watch. He decided to follow him. Soon the Frenchman caught up with the Italian. Neither of them understood the other's language. The French man threatened the Italian with his fist and pointed to his watch-pocket. In the end the puzzled Italian was forced to give up his watch to the Frenchman. When he returned to the hotel the Frenchman told his wife what had happened. He was greatly surprised when his wife pointed to the watch on the table. Now he realized that by mistake he had robbed the Italian of his watch. II.
A Funny Mistake
At 8:15 one Sunday morning, a police officer saw a man climbing down a drainpipe from an open bedroom window. As soon as the man reached the ground, the officer caught him by the arm. In answer to the officer's questions, the man said that his name was Charlie Crane and he was a lorry driver from Nottingham. He explained that the day before he had had a breakdown and had spent the night in the house where the officer saw him. That morning the landlady had given him breakfast and he had gone on his way. Later he found that he had left 80 under his pillow. He returned and rang the bell, but no one answered it. Spotting the bedroom window still open, he climbed up the drainpipe. As he was again leaving, the officer saw him. Just as the officer was figuring out whether or not it was only a funny mistake, a woman shouted from the kitchen window, \ere? I thought you'd gone away an hour ago.\