Unit 1 The Power of Language
学习方法指南 五个方面把握文章
1）词 2）句 3）篇 4）义 5）背诵或复述重点段落（当天重复，第二天再重复，七天后再重复） 课后习题
1）结合课文里出现的要点，完成题目
2）标记不熟练的题目，当天重复一遍，第二天再重复一遍，考前再重复一遍
Unit 1 The Power of Language
A FAMOUS QUOTE
Language is the dress of thought. --Samuel Johnson
语言是思维的外衣。 --塞缪尔·约翰逊 Text A Critical Reading Pre-reading questions
1.Do you usually challenge the idea an author represents? What do you think is active reading?
2. What suggestions do you expect the author will give on reading critically?
Vocabulary 词汇
四点要求 1.音 2.义 3.衍生变化 4.用法/搭配 New Words
critical adj. 有判断力的；判断公正（或审慎的）；批判的 non-fiction n.纪实文学
position n. 观点；态度；立场 statement n.说明；说法；表态 question v. 表示疑问；怀疑 evaluate vt. 估计；评价，评估
context n. （事情发生的）背景，环境，来龙去脉 value n. 是非标准；价值观 represent v. 描述；表现 assertion n. 明确肯定；断言 sufficient adj. 足够的；充足的 statistic n. 统计数字；统计资料 integrate v.（使）合并，成为一体 authority n. 专家；学术权威；泰斗 compare v. 比较；对比
subject n. 主题；题目；题材
consistent adj. 相符的；符合的 （consistency） inconsistency n. 不一致 assumption n. 假定；假设 case n. 具体情况；事例 directly adv. 直接地；径直地
identify v. 找到；发现
valid adj. 符合逻辑的；合理的；确凿的 credible adj. 可信的；可靠的
landmark n.（标志重要阶段的）里程碑；地标 relevant adj. 紧密相关的；切题的 current adj. 现时发生的；当前的 appropriate adj. 合适的；恰当的 bias n. 偏见；偏心；偏向
considerably adv. 非常；很；相当多地
Democrat n.（美国）民主党党员，民主党支持者 Republican n.（美国）共和党党员，共和党支持者 reflect v. 显示；表明；表达
informed adj. 有学问的；有见识的 Phrases and Expressions
apply to 使用；适用于 put forth 提出；产生
take sth into account 考虑；顾及
accept/take sth at face value 相信表面；信以为真 with a grain of salt 有保留地；持怀疑态度地 重点词汇
critical adj. 有判断力的；判断公正（或审慎的）
eg: Try to develop a more critical attitude, instead of accepting everything at face value. 要学会对一切事物一丝不苟, 而不要注重表面现象.
其他用法： 危机中的；危急时刻的；决定性的；关键的
eg: We are at a critical time in our history.我们正处于历史的紧要关头。 衍生：criticize, criticise vt.
① ~ sb/sth （for sth） 批评某人[某事物]；挑剔；非难 eg: Stop criticizing （my work）! 别再挑剔（我那作品）了! ② 评论（艺术﹑文学等作品）
eg: teaching students how to criticize poetry 向学生讲授评论诗歌的方法 criticism n. 批评
evaluate vt. 估计; 评价，评估
eg: I can't evaluate his ability without seeing his work. 我没有看到他的工作情况, 无法评论他的能力。 衍生: Val=value, worth 价值
valuable（有价值的）, invaluable（无法估价的）, devaluate（贬值）, evaluate（估价）, undervalue（低估）
consistent adj. 相符的；符合的 用法: be ~ with sth
eg：What you say now is not consistent with what you said last week. 你现在说的话与你上星期说过的话不相符。 衍生：consistency 一致 inconsistency 不一致
identify vt. 找到；发现; 识别身份
eg：She identified the man as her attacker. 她认出那个男人就是袭击过她的人。 衍生：identification n.身份证明
eg： Can I see your identification, please? 请给我看看你的身分证件行吗? identity n 身份
eg：There is no clue to the identity of the thief.没有确定窃贼身份的线索。 identity card （also ID card） 身份证（通常有相片，供本人携带或佩带） credible adj. 可信的；可靠的
eg: a credible witness/statement/report 可信的证人/陈词/报道 衍生：-able/ible “可?的，能?的” believable可信的，acceptable 可接受的，desirable值得要的，accessible可接近，flexible 灵活的
credibility n. 可信性；可靠性 -ability/ibility “可?性”:
eg: adaptability 适应能力, dependability 可靠性 apply vi.
①~ （to sb/sth） be relevant （to sb/sth）; have an effect （与某人/某物）有关；有效；适用
eg: These rules don't always apply. 这些规则并非总能行得通。 ②make a formal request 申请；请求 apply for sth
eg: apply for a post/passport/visa 申请职位/护照/签证 apply to sb
eg: I applied to four universities and was accepted by all of them. 我申请了四所大学，并都被他们录取了。
课文学习 议论文
把握观点：中心观点、段落观点
把握结构：文章结构、段落结构、衔接手段
topic sentence （主题句） ＝topic （主题） ＋ controlling idea（观点） 篇章核心，段落灵魂: Beijing is a modern city. Beijing is an ancient city.
结构: 总——分——总 总——分
段落构成: 1.主题句（Topic Sentence）：点出段落的主题（谈论什么）。 2.扩展句（Developing Sentence）：说明和支持主题。 3.结尾句（Concluding Sentence）：得出结论。 文章: 观点——论证——结论
Text A Critical Reading
Critical reading applies to non-fiction writing in which the author puts forth a position or seeks to make a statement. Critical reading is active reading. It involves more than just understanding what an author is saying. Critical reading involves questioning and evaluating what the author is saying, and forming your own opinions about what the author is saying. Here are the things you should do to be a critical reader.
批判性地阅读
批判性阅读适合于那种作者提出一个观点或试图陈述一个说法的纪实类写作。批判性阅读是积极阅读。它不仅仅包括理解作者说了些什么，还包括质疑和评价作者的话，并对此形成自己的观点。成为一名批判性阅读者需要做到以下几点。
Consider the context of what is written. You may be reading something that was written by an author from a different cultural context than (=from) yours. Or, you may be reading something written some time ago in a different time context than yours. In either case, you must recognize and take into account any differences between your values and attitudes and those represented by the author.
考虑写作背景。你所读的可能是与你有不同文化背景的人所写的，或者是与你有不同时代背景的人多年以前所写的。无论哪种情况，你都必须注意并考虑你的价值观和态度与作者所代表的价值观和态度有何不同。
Question assertions made by the author. Don't accept what is written at face value(完全地, 以面值/表象). Before accepting what is written, be certain that the author provides sufficient support for any assertions made. Look for facts, examples, and statistics that provide support. Also, look to see if (=whether) the author has integrated the work of authorities.
质疑作者的论点。不要轻信作品的表面意思。在接受作者观点前，首先要确定作者作出的每一个论点都有足够的论据支持。找出能支持该论点的事实、实例、和数据。另外，注意作者是否参考了权威著作。
Compare what is written with other written work on the subject. Look to see that what is written is consistent with what others have written about the subject. If there are inconsistencies, carefully evaluate the support the author provides for the inconsistencies.
与同主题文章进行比较。查看该作者的文章与其他作者关于同一主题的文章是否有一致性。如果存在不一致性，对不一致的地方背后的论据支持要进行仔细甄别。
Analyze assumptions made by the author. Assumptions are whatever the author must believe is true in order to make assertions. In many cases, the author's assumptions are not directly stated. This means you must read carefully in order to identify any assumptions. Once you identify an assumption, you must decide whether or not the assumption is valid. 分析作者提出的假设。假设是作者认为具有正确性的前提，基于这些前提作者才能提出论点。很多时候作者的假设并没有直接说明，这就意味着你必须通过仔细阅读来发现这些假设。一旦发现某一假设，你必须判断这一假设是否合理。
Evaluate the sources the author uses. In doing this, be certain that the sources are credible. For example, Einstein is a credible source if the author is writing about landmark achievements in physics. Also be certain that the sources are relevant. Einstein is not a relevant source when the subject is poetry. Finally, if the author is writing about a subject in its current state, be sure that the sources are current. For example, studies done by Einstein in the early 20th century may not be appropriate if the writer is discussing the current state of knowledge in physics.
鉴别文章出处。鉴别时要确保文章出处真实可信。例如，如果文章是关于物理学里程碑式的成就，那么爱因斯坦的论述就是可靠的出处。此外还要确保出处具有相关性。如果文章主题是诗歌，那么爱因斯坦的论述就不是相关出处。最后，如果作者写的是某个主题当前的情形，那就要确保出处来源也是当前最新的。例如，如果作者讨论的是物理学知识的现状，那么爱因斯坦在二十世纪早期进行的研究可能就不适合作出处了。
Identify any possible author bias. A written discussion of American politics will likely look considerably different depending on whether the writer is a Democrat or a Republican. What is
written may very well reflect a biased position. You need to take this possible bias into account when reading what the author has written. That is, take what is written with \（有保留地）.
甄别作者可能带有的偏见。有关美国政治的书面论述可能因作者是共和党人或民主党人迥然而异。作者所写的内容很可能反映其带有偏见的立场。阅读时要考虑到这种偏见存在的可能性。也就是说，要对文章内容“半信半疑”。
By being a critical reader, you will become better informed and may change your views as appropriate.
成为一名批判性阅读者，你的思路会不断拓宽，观点会更加合理。
Critical reading involves questioning and evaluating what the author is saying, and forming your own opinions about what the author is saying. Here are the things you should do to be a critical reader.
1）Consider the context of what is written. 2）Question assertions made by the author.
3）Compare what is written with other written book on the subject. 4）Analyze assumptions made by the author. 5）Evaluate the sources the author uses. 6）Identify any possible author bias.
语法学习
1.把握结构，理解内涵 2.结合例句，结合文章 关系副词引导的定语从句
①先行名词+where/ in（on/at） which
eg: College is a place where/in which we learn how to learn. 大学是学会如何学习的地方。 Forest is a place where people can get close to nature. 森林是可以接近自然的地方。 ②先行名词+when/in（on/at） which
eg: I'll never forget the day when we first met in the park. 我将永远不会忘记我们在公园第一次相遇的那一天。 ③先行名词+why/for which
eg: Do you know the reason why he didn't come to the meeting yesterday morning？ 你知道他为什么没有参加昨天早上会议的原因吗？
Exercises I Checking your comprehension
1. Reading non-fiction writing critically involves ___. A. supporting the author's opinion B. developing your own opinions C. understanding what is written D. reading without any imagination 【正确答案】B
【答案解析】此题为句意理解题。由文中第一段Critical reading involves questioning and evaluating what the author is saying, and forming your own opinions about what the author is saying 可知，非文学类作品的批评性阅读是要提出自己的观点和摆明自己的态度，选项B,
即提出自己的观点，最为恰当。答案为B。
2. Before accepting what is written in an article, you should be sure that______. A. enough support for the assertions has been given B. your values and attitudes have been reflected in it C. it has been checked from an authoritative source D. you have found the differences in the writing styles
【正确答案】A
【答案解析】此题为句意理解题。由文中第三段第三句，Before accepting what is written, be certain that the author provides sufficient support for any assertions made 可知，选项A符合文中意思，即你在接受作者的观点之前，要确信有足够的论据支持作者的论点。答案为A。
3. If there are some inconsistent points in the article, you should________. A. insist on your own opinion and confirm it B. avoid mentioning the inconsistencies C. emphasize the work of authorities
D. examine the author's supportive statements 【正确答案】D
【答案解析】此题为句意理解题。由文中第四段末句，If there are inconsistencies, carefully evaluate the support the author provides for the inconsistencies 可知，选项D最符合原文，即如果文章中有不一致的观点时，你要仔细阅读并检查作者所提出的支持其论点的论证。答案为D。
4. Einstein is a relevant source when the article is about_________ A. physical breakthroughs B. the subject of poetry C. studies in current physics D. credible writing sources 【正确答案】A
【答案解析】此题为细节题。由文中第六段第三句, Einstein is a credible source if the author is writing about landmark achievements in physics 可知，如果文章讲的是关于物理学的突破时，爱因斯坦就是相关的例子。答案为A。
5. The author believes that by being a critical reader you can________ . A. remember what is written clearly B. eliminate your own discrimination C. have much more knowledge D. spend more time in reading 【正确答案】C
【答案解析】此题为文章大意总结题。由课文最后一段结束句，By being a critical reader, you
will become better informed and may change your views as appropriate 可知，课文结束说通过做一名有判断力的读者，你会变得见多识广，也能使你的观点更恰当，所以选项C最符合课文的意思。答案为C。
Exercise II
Section A Building your vocabulary
Directions: Complete each of the following sentences with the correct choice of the words given in the brachets.
名词后缀
-ability, -ibility credible-credibility
-ence, ency independent-independence efficient-efficiency
-ment move-movement, agree-agreement -ion, -sion, -tion act-action, elect-election
副词后缀
-ly careful-carefully, possible-possibly 前缀 否定前缀
in- inaccurate, incapable, injustice 在m, p, b前变成im- immoral, impossible, imbalance
1. These results are _____ with the findings of the previous study.（consistent, consistency） 【正确答案】consistent
【答案解析】be consistent with? 固定短语，意为“与??相符“。其中be动词are后面应该是表语形容词consistent，而consistency 是名词形式。答案为consistent。
2.We were not surprised by their_____ that the train services would be reduced.（state, statement） 【正确答案】statement
【答案解析】statement，名词，说明、表态，而state 表示“陈述”时是动词，做名词解时是“国家，现状”的意思。答案为statement。 3. The statistics ______a change in people's spending habits.（reflect, reflection） 【正确答案】reflect
【答案解析】译文：此统计数据反映了人们消费习惯方面的变化。这里句子缺少的是谓语动词，而reflection是名词。reflect，动词，显示、表明。答案为reflect。
4. I'm afraid your driving license is______ in Eastern Europe.（valid, invalid） 【正确答案】invalid
【答案解析】译文：我担心你的驾驶执照在东欧无效。invalid 是valid 的反义词，意为“无
效的”。答案为invalid。
5. Twenty-five dollars was______ more than he had expected to pay. （considerable, considerably） 【正确答案】considerably
【答案解析】译文：二十五美元比他原来估计的多多了。considerably，副词，很，非常，相当多地。答案为considerably。 6. Direct _______ between the two languages is not possible.（compare, comparison） 【正确答案】comparison
【答案解析】译文：直接对比两种语言是不可能的。这里空格处的单词是主语中心词，主语中心词不能是动词。comparison, 名词，表示“比较，对比”；compare 是其动词形式。答案为comparison。
Section B
assumption landmark critical evaluate represent identify credible appropriate 1.In my opinion, there was no _____evidence against him. 【正确答案】credible
【答案解析】句意：我的意见是，没有反对他的可信的证据。这里against sb.指的是反对某人。形容词credible 意为可信的。答案为credible。
2. Even the smallest baby can _____its mother by her voice.
【正确答案】identify
【答案解析】句意：甚至最小的小婴儿都可以通过声音来识别辨认出他的母亲。本空缺少谓语动词，identify 意为辨认，辨识，符合题意。答案为identify。
3.People tend to make _____ about you based on your appearance. 【正确答案】assumption
【答案解析】句意：人们容易根据你的外表做出一些假设。本空缺少宾语，应选用名词。assumption为名词，意为假设、假定，符合题意。答案为assumption。
4. This new report_____ the current situation in our schools. 【正确答案】represents
【答案解析】句意：这篇新闻报道描述了我们学校目前的状况。其中represent，动词，描述、表现，此处要注意时态。答案为represents。
5. The performance of each employee is ____ once a year.
【正确答案】evaluated
【答案解析】句意：每年，每一位员工的表现每年都会被评估一次。注意此句子中的被动语态，员工绩效被评估，所以动词evaluate 应为被动式evaluated。答案为evaluated。
6. We need to ensure that the teaching they receive is _____to their needs. 【正确答案】appropriate
【答案解析】句意：我们需要确保他们所接受的教育适合他们的需求。appropriate 是形容词，指的是“合适的”。答案为appropriate。
Section C
1. That bit of the form is for UK citizens 一 it doesn't apply ____ you. 【正确答案】to
【答案解析】译文：表格的那一部分是针对英国公民的，和你没关系。apply to，固定搭配，应用，使用。答案为to。
2. Arguments were put ____ for changing some of the rules of the game. 【正确答案】forth
【答案解析】译文：争议之所以产生，是因为要修改该项运动的一些规则。put forth，固定搭配，提出，产生。答案为forth。
3. When judging his performance, don't take his age ____ account.
【正确答案】into
【答案解析】take...into account ，固定搭配，考虑到，顾及。答案为into。
4. He's universally recognized as an authority ____ Russian affairs.
【正确答案】in
【答案解析】译文：在俄罗斯事务方面，他被公认为是一个专家。答案为in。
5. Just compare the one that has been cleaned ____ the others. 【正确答案】with
【答案解析】compare...with? 为固定搭配，把??和??做对比，比较。答案为with。
6. Education should be relevant ____ the child's needs. 【正确答案】to
【答案解析】be relevant to，固定搭配，有关的，相关的。答案为to。
Unit 1 Text B The language of Confidence
New Words
confidence n.自信心 program v. 训练；培养 mastery n. 控制；驾驭
destiny n. 命运；天命；天数 (by destiny) dramatically adv. 巨大地；惊人地；显著地 quality n. 质量；品质 (quantity)
subconscious adj. 下意识的；潜意识的 please v. 使满意；使愉快
command n.（给人或动物的）命令 knowingly adv. 故意地；蓄意地 impact n. 巨大影响；强大作用 matter v. 事关紧要；有重大影响 confident adj. 自信的；有自信心的 sense n.（对重大事情的）感觉，意识 eliminate v. 排除；清除；消除 disempower v. 剥夺；使失去权利 self-esteem n. 自尊心 limit v. 限制；限定
infinite adj. 极大的；无法衡量的 stifle v. 压制; 扼杀；阻止 creativity n. 创造力
internal adj. 内心的；头脑中的
insignificant adj. 微不足道的；无足轻重的 commonly adv. 通常；常常
alternative n. 可供选择的事物; adj. 可替代的 fabulous adj. 极好的；绝妙的
Phrases and Expressions
carry out 完成（任务） be up to 取决于
have an impact on/upon 对?产生巨大影响 rub ... out 用橡皮擦掉（字迹等） be in control of 掌管；管理；控制 重点单词
confidence n. 自信心
用法： to have/lose confidence in sb. 对某人抱有[失去]信心
eg: I have little confidence in him. 我对他没有什么信心。 衍生： confident adj. 自信的；有自信心的
confident of sth/that... 自信的；有信心的；有把握的
eg: feel confident of succeeding/that one will succeed 有信心能成功 quality n. 质量；品质
用法： be of poor/good/high quality 质量差/好/高
eg: Much of the land was of poor quality. 很多土地质量差。 Use only high quality ingredients.使用高质量原料。 衍生：qualify v. （使）（某人）具有资格；给（某人）某种资格；（使）合格 eg: I won't qualify until next year. 我明年才具备资格。
qualified adj. 经过训练或考试的；有资格的；合格的；及格的 eg: a qualified doctor 合格的医生
subconscious adj. 下意识的；潜意识的 eg: the subconscious self 潜意识的自我 衍生：sub- ＝ under 在?之下 subway（地铁）， submarine（潜水艇） conscious adj. 知道的；察觉的；注意到的
eg: be conscious of being watched/that one is being watched 察觉有人在监视自己 consciousness n. 意识
eg：attitudes that are deeply ingrained in the English consciousness 深深扎根于英国人意识中的看法
matter v. 事关紧要；有重大影响 用法：matter（to sb）
eg：What does it matter（whether he comes or goes）?（他来也好去也好）那有什么关系?
It doesn't matter to me what you do. 你做什么我都无所谓。 disempower v. 剥夺；使失去权利 衍生：dis- ＝ 除去，剥夺 disable（使丧失能力）， disarm（解除武装）， discourage（使失去勇气）， discover（发现）
em-, en- ＝ 使 embody（体现）， empower（授权）， encourage（鼓励）， endanger（使危险）
The Language of Confidence
The language we use programs our brains. Mastering our language gives us a great degree of mastery over our lives and our destinies. It is important to use the language in the best way possible in order to dramatically improve our quality of life. 自信的语言 语言能影响我们的大脑。掌握语言就能在很大程度上掌握我们的生活和命运。将语言发挥到极致可以极大地改善我们的生活质量，这一点至关重要。
Even the smallest of words can have the deepest effect on our subconscious mind, which is like a child, and it doesn't really understand the difference between what really happens and what you imagine. It is eager to please and willing to carry out any commands that you give it -- whether
you do this knowingly or not is entirely up to you.
再短的单词也能对我们的潜意识产生深远的影响。我们的潜意识就像一个孩子，分不清真实发生的事和自己想象的事。它渴望取悦，乐意听从你给它的任何命令，而你是有意还是无意地做这些完全取决于你。 \
It is a small word yet it has an amazing impact upon us. If someone says, \you know that they are not going to be pulling their whole heart into(全身心投入于) it, and may not even do it at all. How often do you use the word try when talking about the things that matter to you? Do you say \call\
“尽力”
这是一个简单的词，却能对我们产生不简单的影响。如果有人说“我会尽力做这件事的”，你知道他其实并不打算全心全意做这件事，甚至可能根本不会去做。你有多少次在谈论对于你非常重要的事时使用了“尽力”这个词?你是否说过“我会尽力做到更加自信”、“我会尽力去做这件事”或者“我会尽力去呼喊”?
Think about something that you would like to achieve, and say it to yourself in two different ways. Firstly say, \? \?\feel.
想一件你想完成的事情，然后用两种不同的方式对自己说。首先说“我会尽力去做??”，然后注意你会有什么感受。再对自己说“我要做??”，然后看你又会有什么感受。
The latter makes you feel better than the first one, doesn't it? It gives you a sense of determination, a feeling that it will be done. Listen to the people around you and when they say they will try, notice if it gets done or not. Eliminate the word try from your dictionary and see how your life improves.
后一种方式给你的感受要比前一种好，不是吗?它给你一种坚定感，一种事情一定会完成的感觉。听听你身边的人怎么说，如果他们说他们会尽力，看看事情最后是不是完成了。从你的词典里删除“尽力”这个词，看看你的生活会如何改善。 \
This is another small word with a big impact. It disempowers us, makes us feel weak and helpless, and damages our self-esteem. It limits our infinite abilities and stifles creativity. Rub it out from your internal dictionary and replace it with something that makes you feel great. “不能”
这又是一个简单却影响巨大的词。它让我们失去力量，让我们感到脆弱与无助，让我们的自尊心受到伤害。它限制了我们无限的才能，扼杀了我们的创造力。把这个词从你内心的词典里擦去吧，换一个让你感到伟大的词。
Instead of (=Rather than) saying you can't, why not say something like \?\not to?\life.
不要说你“不能”，为什么不换一个别的说法，比如“我选择??”或者“我选择不??”。使用这些词能让你恢复力量，掌控自己的生活。
Words may appear small and insignificant, yet they can have a deep and lasting effect on us. Mastering your language gives you the power to live whatever life you desire.
一些词语或许看似简单、微不足道，却能对我们产生深刻而持久的影响。掌握你的语言能让你获得力量去实现你渴望的生活。
What words do you use a lot that disempower you? Make a list of words you commonly use and then write next to them some alternatives you can use. Make these alternatives words that make you feel fabulous(极好的), not only about yourself, but about life and what you are doing! 你使用过哪些让你失去力量的词? 列出你常用的这类词，然后在旁边写出它们的替代词。让这些替代词不仅使你对自己感觉良好，而且使你对生活、对正在做的事情感觉无限美好吧!
链接 → 电影《铁娘子The Iron Lady》
Watch your thoughts, for they become words. Watch your words, for they become actions. Watch your actions, for they become habits.
Watch your habits, for they become your character. Watch your character, for it becomes your destiny. What we think, we become.
积思成言。积言成行。积行成习。积习成性。积性成命。 思想决定人生的高度。
EXERCISES
I Check Your Comprehension Section A
Directions: Read the following statements and mark Y（for Yes）if the statement agrees with the information given in the text; N（for NO）if the statement contradicts the information given in the text; NG（for Not Given）if the information is not given in the text.
（ ）1. Using our language in the best way is significant for the improvement of our life. 【正确答案】Y
【答案解析】判断的根据在课文第一段第三句，it is important to use the language in the best way possible in order to dramatically improve our quality of life. 答案为Y。
（ ）2. We can knowingly make our command carried out without using a word. 【正确答案】NG
【答案解析】判断的根据在课文第二段末句，It is eager to please and willing to carry out any commands that you give it ---whether you do this knowingly or not is entirely up to you.由此可知，题干中without using a word 文中未提及。答案为NG。 （ ）3. If we use the word try, we may not make efforts to achieve the things that we want to do. 【正确答案】Y 【答案解析】文中第三段提到they are not going to be putting their whole heart into it, and may not even do it at all. 答案为Y。
（ ）4. We can improve our life by saying the word try in our daily life. 【正确答案】N
【答案解析】文章通篇都是说try和can't 等这些小词对我们生活的负面影响，即想要让我们过得好一些，就不要在日常生活中使用它们。即本句话有误。答案为N。 （ ）5.We can use a word that makes us feel great to help us feel powerful. 【正确答案】Y 【答案解析】文中说，some small words disempower us和these alternative words make you feel fabulous，也就是说we can use a word that makes us feel great to help us feel powerful. 答案为Y。
（ ）6.Though some words may seem small, they can help us do everything we want. 【正确答案】N 【答案解析】文中说，这些小词对我们有深刻而持久的影响，和help us do everything we want表达的含义差距很远。答案为N。
Section B
Direction: Complete the following sentences with the information given in the text. 1._______________________ helps us be in control of our lives and destinies. 【正确答案】Mastering our language 【答案解析】课文第一段第二句给出了相关信息：Mastering our language... and our destinies，由此我们可以总结出题干的答案应为mastering our language，注意首字母大写。答案为Mastering our language。
2.Any words can have a dramatic influence on _______________________. 【正确答案】our subconscious mind 【答案解析】第二段首句说到Even the smallest of words can have the deepest... mind，这句话是说甚至是最小的那些单词也会对我们的潜意识产生深刻的影响。因此与题干含义相吻合。答案为our subconscious mind。
3.When we say \?\ 【正确答案】determination
【答案解析】文章第四段列举了I'll try to和I'll do的例子来说明两者的区别。紧接着下一段指出后者给你一种determination的感觉，即有决心完成此事。答案为determination。
4.Using words like \?\ 【正确答案】the power
【答案解析】文中说，using words like this allows you to take back your power?其中take back your power 中的take back与题干中的regain意思相同。答案为the power。
5.Mastering our language helps us get the power to _______________________ . 【正确答案】live whatever life you desire
【答案解析】倒数第二段最后一句指出Mastering your language? you desire,与题干含义相符。答案为live whatever life you desire.
6. We can write ____________ next to a list of words we usually use.
【正确答案】alternatives
【答案解析】最后一段指出Make a list of words you?can use，意为请列一个清单，写出你常使用的单词，然后在它们旁边写出你可以用来替换掉它们的单词。所以本题应填入alternatives。答案为alternatives。
IV Writing Section A
Directions: The following sentences are grammatically incorrect or incoherent. Improve them.
1. When dipped in mustard, Sam said the sausage was excellent.
【正确答案】When dipped in mustard, Sam said, the sausage was excellent.
【答案解析】此句中，状语从句的动词dip是被动式，这个动作的逻样主语是sausage，不是Sam，这不符合语法规则，修改时，可以将Sam said改成插入语就可以了。答案为When dipped in mustard, Sam said, the sausage was excellent.
2. A Frenchman murdered two wives he didn't like their cooking. 【正确答案】A Frenchman murdered two wives because he didn't like their cooking. 【答案解析】英语中两个句子不能简单地并排在一起构成一个比较复杂的句子，它们通常需要用表达它们之间关系的连词连接在一起。很显然，本题表达的是原因关系。答案为A Frenchman murdered two wives because he didn't like their cooking.
3. Annie's dress was old, faded, and it had wrinkles. 【正确答案】Annie's dress was old, faded, and wrinkled.
【答案解析】英语讲究句子平衡，这种平衡就包括如果表语不只一个，那么几个表语的结构要相同。此句中，old和faded 是两个形容词，而it had wrinkles 是句子，这样是不可以的。修改时只要把句子表语改成形容词就可以了。it had wrinkles的意思是“裙子有褶子”, wrinkled 这个形容词就可以表达这个意思。答案为Annie's dress was old，faded, and wrinkled.
4.The need for jobs will make us develop our industries. It causes environmental problems.
【正确答案】The need for the jobs will make us develop our industries, but the jobs will cause environmental problems. 【答案解析】此题中，第二句的主语it指代的是前面提到的the need for jobs, the need for jobs的中心词是need，可以按句子意思，导致环境问题的是jobs，而不是need。而且，原句的两个句子之间是转折关系，所以修改时，我们用转折连词将它们连在一起。答案为The need for the jobs will make us develop our industries, but the jobs will cause environmental problems.
5.My new running shoes fell apart during the marathon which cost more than a hundred dollars. 【正确答案】My new running shoes, which cost more than a hundred dollars, fell apart during the marathon.
【答案解析】这个句子是典型的定语从句与先行词分家导致的意思不清，原句中which cost more than a hundred dollars 花了一百多块，位于marathon 马拉松后面，做marathon 的定语从句，显然是不符合句子意思的。修改时只要把这个定语从句和它的中心词shoes放在一起就可以了。答案为My new running shoes, which cost more than a hundred dollars, fell apart during the marathon.
Section B
Directions: Read the following paragraph carefully. Cross out two sentences that do not help to develop the controlling idea.
Philip Randolph, the great African-American champion of labour and civil rights, led confrontation with three very popular presidents. Mr. Randolph called for a march on Washington by thousands of African-Americans on July 1, 1941, if President Roosevelt would not take action to end discrimination in defense industries during World War II. Mr. Randolph was born in Florida. After much delay, the president met with Randolph, and one week later opened many defense jobs to black workers. A few years later, in 1948, Mr. Randolph threatened mass civil disobedience if President Truman did not end segregation against African-Americans in the military. On July 26, Truman approved the order that integrated the armed services. The last confrontation was with John F. Kennedy, who sought to stop the 1963 civil rights march on Washington. The march featured the Reverend Martin Luther King's unforgettable \
【正确答案】Mr. Randolph was born in Florida.
The march featured the Reverend Martin Luther King's unforgettable \speech.
【答案解析】本段文字的结构很清楚，主题句是第一句Philip Randolph led confrontations with three very popular presidents 。其他句子分别说了他与这三位总统之间的对抗性行为。（1）Mr. Randolph was born in Florida 句子的前后讲的是他与第一位总统President Roosevelt之间的事情，显然，这句话在这里是多余。（2）最后一句讲此次对抗让马丁·路德·金的演讲《我有一个梦》声名远播。在这篇短短的文章中牵扯进这个不合适，它没有提到Mr. Randolph，也没有说此事的过程或结果。