Benefits from lesson planning：
1) A clear lesson plan makes the teacher aware of the aims and language contents of the lesson.
2) It also helps the teacher to distinguish the various stages of a lesson and to see the relationship between them so that the lesson can move smoothly from one stage to another.
3) The teacher can also think about how the students can be fully engaged in the lesson.
4) when planning the lesson, the teacher also becomes aware of the teaching aids that are needed.
5). Lesson planning helps teachers to think about the relative value of different activities and how much time should be spent on them. 6) The teacher soon learn to judge lesson stages and phases with greater accuracy.
7) Plans are also an aid to continuing improvement.
8) After the lesson, the teacher can add an evaluation to the plan, identifying those parts which went well and those which were less successful.
Principles for good lesson planning: Aim; Variety; Flexibility; Learnability; Linkage 目标性；多样性；灵活性；可学性；连接性
Two levels of lesson planning: macro planning and micro planning
宏观备课和微观备课
Macro planning: planning over a longer period of time Micro planning: planning for a specific unit or a lesson
There is no clear cut between these two types of planning. Micro planing should be based on macro planning, and macro planing is apt to be modified as lesson go on.
Macro planning involves the following: Knowing about the profession Knowing about the institution Knowing about the learners
Knowing about the curriculum/ syllabus教学大纲 Knowing about the textbook Knowing about the objectives Components of a lesson plan: 1.Background information背景资料 2.Teaching aims: 教学目标
Language objectives; Ability objectives; Moral objectives 3.Language contents and skills语言的内容和技巧
Stages and procedures:Greetings; A warm-up; PPP model/ TBLT model; Summary; Homework/ Assignment 4.Teaching aids 教学手段 5.End of lesson summary 总结
6.Optional activities and assignments 7.After lesson reflection:
Feelings about the lesson; students’ performances; unexpected incidents; surprise things
Unit 5 Classroom Management
The role of the teacher: Before the class: Planner During the class:
1 Controller, 2 Assessor评估者, 3 Organizer ,4 Prompter敦促者 , 5 Participant参与者, 6 Resource-provider After the class: Evaluator Teacher’ s new roles:
Facilitators促进者; guides; researchers The most common students groupings: Whole class work Pair work Group work Individual study
Harmer’ s suggestions on measures for indisciplined acts and badly behaving Students: 1)Act immediately 2) Stop the class
3)Rearrange the seats 4)Change the activity 5)Talk to Ss after class 6)Use the institution制度
In order not to hurt the Students, Ur’ s advice on problems in class: 1)Deal with it quietly
2)Don’ t take things personally 对事不对人 3)Do not use threats
Unit 6 Teaching Pronunciation
The goals of teaching pronunciation:目的 Consistency连贯性: To be smooth natural
Intelligibility可理解性:To be understandable to the listeners Communicative efficiency交际效率性: To help convey the speakers’ meaning
Ways of practicing sounds and their definitions: 1.Focusing on a sound 单音练习:(sounds difficult to learn)
2.Perception practice 知觉/领会性练习:( identify /distinguish different sounds):
Which order; Same or different; Odd one out; Completion
3.Production practice 生成性练习: (develop Students’ ability to produce sounds):
Listen and repeat; Fill in the blanks; Make up sentences; Use meaningful