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12 Towan, the colony's dominant male, watched this whole trick, and the next day he, too, looked

Shewman in the eye and pretended that he had not yet received an orange. \

have one?\gaze steadily and held out his hand. Giving in,

she gave him another one, then saw that he had been hiding his orange underneath his foot.

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13 What is intelligence anyway? If life is about survival of a species ©¤ and intelligence is meant to

serve that survival ©¤ then we can't compare with pea-brained sea turtles, which were here long

before us and survived the disaster that wiped out the dinosaurs. Still, it is comforting to realize

that other species besides our own can stand back and assess the world around them, even if their horizons are more limited than ours.

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Part ¢ó Text B Do Animals Fall in Love?

Do animals fall in love? These striking tales suggest that they may, but read on and decide for yourself.

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Do Animals Fall in Love?

Jeffery Moussaieff Masson and Susan McCarthy

1 Humans believe they know what love is, and value it highly. Yet many who study animal behavior

are cautious about saying animals experience love, preferring to say they are not displaying \

love\genes. ¶¯ÎïÒ²ÓÐÇ飿

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2 Is it really as simple as all that? What about the animals who stay together until one dies?

Evolutionary biologists often say that pairing is a way to ensure adequate parental care, but it's not

always clear this is the case. Some animals continue to accompany each other when not raising

young. And they appear to exhibit sorrow or show a sense of loss when one of the pair dies.

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3 Konrad Lorenz, studying the behavior of geese, describes a typical example. Ado's mate,

Susanne-Elisabeth, was killed by a fox. He stood silently by her partly eaten body, which lay across

their nest. In the following days, he hung his head and his eyes became vacant. Because he did not

have the heart to defend himself from the attacks of the other geese, his status in the flock fell sharply.

A year went by. Finally Ado pulled himself together and found another mate.

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4 Animals may fall in love dramatically. According to Lorenz two geese are most likely to \

love\separated and then meet again. (1) He

compared this to a man who meets a woman and ©¤ astonished that she is the same girl he used to

see running around in a school uniform ©¤ falls in love and marries her. According to parrot specialist

Sue Athan, it is common for some parrots to fall in love at first sight.

¶¯Îï»áÏ·¾çÐÔµØÏà°®¡£¾ÝÂåÂ״Ĺ۲죬Ó×ʱÏàÖª£¬¶øºó·Ö¿ª£¬ËúóÓÖÖØ·êµÄÁ½Í·¶ì×î¿ÉÄÜ?¶éÈëÇéÍø?¡£ (1) Ëû

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5 Instinct may urge animals to love, but it does not say whom they will love. Seeking a mate for a

male parrot, Athan purchased a fine-feathered young female and introduced the two birds. To

Athan's disappointment, \nevertheless acted like the female wasn't even in the room.\

±¾ÄÜ»òÐí´Ùʹ¶¯ÎïÏà°®£¬µ«±¾Äܲ¢²»½ÐËüÃÇÈ¥°®Ë­¡£°£É­ÎªÁËÌæÒ»Ö»ÐÛðÐðÄÕÒÖ»Åäż£¬ÂòÁËÖ»ÓðëƯÁÁµÄ´ÆÐÔ

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6 A few months later Athan was given an older female in extremely poor condition. \

a feather from the neck down,\twisted. She had lines around her eyes.

And yet the male thought she was the love of his life.\birds immediately paired off and eventually produced young.

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7 (2) Zookeepers know, to their despair, that many species of animals will not breed with just any

other animal of their species. Timmy, a gorilla in the Cleveland Zoo, declined to mate with two

female gorillas introduced to him. But when he met a gorilla named Kate, they took to each other at

once. When it was thought that Kate was unable to reproduce, because of her advanced age,

zookeepers decided to send Timmy to another zoo, where he might have a chance to breed successfully.

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(2) ¶¯ÎïÔ°µÄËÇÑøÔ±ÖªµÀ£¬Ðí¶àÖÖ¶¯Îï²»»áËæ±ã¾ÍÓëͬÀදÎï½»Å䣬ËûÃǶԴËÒ»³ïĪչ¡£¿ËÀû·òÀ¼¶¯ÎïÔ°µÄÒ»

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8 Defending the zoo's decision to separate the animals, the zoo director said, \

people start to put human emotions in animals. We can't think of them as some kind of magnificent

human being: they are animals. When people start saying animals have emotions, they cross the

bridge of reality.\shed light on the emotional life of chimpanzees,

also writes, (3) I cannot think of chimpanzees developing emotions, one for the other, comparable

in any way to the tenderness, protectiveness, tolerance and spiritual joy that are the mark of human love in its truest and deepest sense.\

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9 Yet there is evidence of love in the devotion that members of pairs heap on each other. Geese,

swans and mandarin ducks are all symbols of marital faithfulness; field biologists tell us this is true

to life. Coyotes, often thought of as representing trickery, would make equally good symbols of

devotion, since they also form lasting pairs. Observations indicate that they begin to form pair

attachments before they are sexually active.

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