1000th→one thousandth, 1000000th →one millionth., 第703→the seven hundred and third,
第5480→the five thousand four hundred and eightieth.
3、注:(1)两位以上的序数词仅个位数部分用序数词,其余部分仍用基数词。如:thirty-sixth,
(2) 使用序数词时一般加定冠词the. 如:I’m in the third grade.
(3) 序数词作“几分之几”讲时,有复数形式。如:1/5→one fifth ; 2/3→ two thirds ; 4/7→ four sevenths ; 1/2→ a half ; 1/4→a quarter ; 3/4→ three quarters ; 50%→ fifty hundredths ( fifty per cent). 4、数词的用法:
1、表示年份:2002: twenty thousand and two ; 1976 : nineteen seventy-six.
2、表示日期: 12月1日: Dec.1st或the first of December;2002年11月8日: Nov. 8th, 2002. 3、表示时刻: 5:15→ five fifteen或a quarter past five ; 8:30→ eight thirty或half past
eight ; 10:45→ ten forty-five或a quarter to eleven.
4、表示编号:Room 105→Room one 0 five; Bus No.13→Bus Number Thirteen; P.5→Page
Five; Tel.No.7658659→Telephone Number seven-six-five-eight-six-five-nine
5、小数的读法:5.7→ five point seven, 0.16 →zero point one six.
6、“半”的表达: 1/2→half, 半小时→half an hour, 1.5小时→one and a half hours或one
hour and a half.
7、序数词前面加the时,表示顺序,加a/an时表示“再一、又一”。如:The third lesson is rather difficult.(第三课相当难)/ Shall we read the text a third time?(我们把课文读第三遍,好吗?)
五、冠词
1、冠词分类及读法:
英语中冠词有不定冠词和定冠词两种,常放在名词的前面,用来限定名词的意义,起泛指或特指的作用。定冠词the读法:单独念时读[Ti:],在句子中常发[Ti ](元音之前)或者[T[](辅音之前);
不定冠词a/an的读法:单独念时读 [ei ]/[An ];在句子中常发 [[]/[[n]。 2、不定冠词a / an的用法:
不定冠词a / an用在单数名词的前面,a用在辅音开头的词前面; an用在元音开头的词的前面。
不定冠词的基本用法:
(1) 表示某一个人或东西,但不具体说明何人或何物。如:There is a dog lying on the
ground.(有一只狗躺在地上。)
(2) 表示某类人或事物,以区别于其他种类。如:A elephant is much stronger than a man.(大象比人强壮多了。)(不能译为:一头大象比一个人强壮。)
(2) 表示某类人或事物中的任何一个。如:He is a teacher of English.(他是英语教师。) (4) 表示“一”这个数量。如:There is a table and four chairs in that dining-room.(在那
个餐厅里有一张桌子和四把椅子。)
(5) 几个用不定冠词的习语:a bit(一点), a little(一点), a few(几个), a lot (许多), a kind
of(一种), a pair of(一副、一双), a number of(大量的), a piece of (一张、一片), half an hour(半小时), have a good time(玩得开心), have a cold(感冒), make a noise(发出嘈杂声), have/take a (rest等)(休息)一会儿,等等。
3、定冠词the的用法:定冠词the用在可数名词的单数或复数或不可数的名词前面。
定冠词的基本用法:
(1) 表示特指的人或事物。如:The man with a flower in his hand is Jack..(手上拿着一朵
花的男人是杰克)
(2) 指谈话双方都熟悉的人或事物。如:Look at the blackboard,Lily.(莉莉,请看黑板。) (3) 复述前面提到过的人或事物。如:There is a man under the tree. The man is called
Robert.(树下有个人, 那个人叫罗伯特。)
(4) 表示世界上独一无二的事物。如:The earth turns around the sun.(地球绕太阳旋转。) (5) 用在表示方位的名词前面。如:There will be strong wind to the south of the Yangtze River.(长江以南地 区将会刮大风。)
(6) 在序数词和形容词最高级的前面。如:Who is the first one to go?(谁第一个去?) / Of
all the stars, the sun is the nearest to the earth.(在所有的恒星之中太阳离地球最近) (7) 常用在乐器名称的前面。如:He began to play the violin at the age of 5.(五岁时他开始
拉小提琴)
(8) 用在江河、海洋、山脉等名称的前面。如:I have never been to the Himalaya
Mountains.(我从来没有去过喜马拉雅山)
(9) 用在含有普通名词的专有名词的前面。如:He is from the United States of America.(他
来自美利坚合众国)
(10)用在姓氏之前表示一家人。如:The Greens are going to Mount Emei next month.(下个
月格林一家要去峨眉山)
(11)same之前一般用the。如:Lucy and Lily look the same.(露西和莉莉看上去长得一样) (12)几个用定冠词的习语:at the same time (与此同时),make the bed(铺床),in the end(最
后),all the time(一直),by the way(顺便说一下),on the way(在路上)等等。
4、一些不用冠词的情况:
(1) 专有名词和(第一次使用)一些不可数名词时前面通常不用。如:China is a very large country.(中国是个大国) / Man needs air and water.(人类需要空气和水)
(2) 名词前已有指示、物主或不定代词作定语时不用。如:My pen is much more expensive than yours.(我的钢笔比你的昂贵多了)
(3) 周名,月名或季节名前一般不用。如:He was born on Monday, February 18,1995.(他
出生在1995年二月十八日,星期一) / They usually plant trees on the hills in spring.(春天他们通常在山上植树)
(4) (第一次使用)复数名词表示人或事物的类别时不用。如:Men are cleverer than
monkeys.(人比猴子聪明)
(5) 三餐饭前不用。如:We have breakfast at home and lunch at school.(我们在家吃早饭,
在校吃午饭)
(6) 节、假日前一般不用。如:On Children’s Day the boys often get presents from their
parents.(在儿童节,这些男孩经常得到父母的礼物)
(7) 球类名词前不用。如:The children play football on Saturday afternoons.(孩子们星
期六下午踢足球)
(8) 城市的重要/主要建筑物名称前不用。如:They are now at People’s Cinema.(他们此
刻在人民电影院)
(9) 一些习惯用语中不用。如:⑴ at / to / from / out of / after / for school; ⑵ in / to /
for / after class; ⑶in / to / out of / into bed; ⑷ after / at/ from / out of / to work; ⑸ at / to sea; ⑹ in / from / down / to town; ⑺ at / from home; ⑻ at / for / to
breakfast/lunch/supper; ⑼ at night/noon/midnight; ⑽ on foot; ⑾ go to school/bed; ⑿ on top of; ⒀ in front of; ⒁ on show/display/duty/watch; ⒂ in / out of hospital; ⒃ at all; ⒄ on/in time; ⒅ at first/last/once; ⒆ in Chinese/English,etc.; ⒇ take care of
六、形容词、副词:
1、形容词:用来说明或修饰名词、代词的词称为形容词。
1、形容词的句法作用:作句子中名词的定语、句子的表语以及宾语补足语。 2、形容词在句子中的位置:
⑴作定语时放在名词的前面,且音节少的词放在音节多的词之前。如:a big yellow wooden wheel(一个黄色的大木轮)
⑵作表语时放在连系动词之后。如:The price sounds reasonable.(这个价格听起来算是合理)
⑶作宾语补足语时放在宾语之后。如:We must try our best to keep our environment clean.(我们必须尽力保持我们的环境清洁) ⑷后置的情况:
①修饰复合不定代词时放在代词之后。如:Something serious has happened to him.(他发生了严重的事故)
②与表示“长、宽、高、重、老、远离”的词连用时形容词后置。如:He’s 1.8 metres tall.(他身高1.8米。)The moon is about 380,000 kilometres away from the earth.(月球离地38万公里)
3、有关形容词的用法辨析:
⑴ whole与all:记住两个词序:① the whole + 名词; ②all (of) the + 名词。如:He was busy the whole morning.(整个早晨他都很忙) / He can remember all the words he learns.(他能记住学过的所有单词)
⑵ tall与high, short与low:指人的个子时用tall与short;指其他事物时一般用high与low。如:He’s very tall/short.(他个子高/矮) / Tall trees are standing on both sides of that avenue.(大道的两侧有高大的树木) / A few people live on high mountains.(少量的人住在高山上)
⑶ real与true:real一般指东西的真假,译为“真的”;而true则指事情或消息的可靠