many和much一般用于否定句,肯定句中通常用a lot of 或者lots of; many / much用
于肯定句时可以在前面加上so、very或too.如： There are a lot of people on the playground.(操场上有许多的人)/ They haven’t got much work to do.(他们没有多少事情可做) / There are too many people in the room.(房间里人太多了。)
(8)few、little、a few、a little的用法：
few、little意思是“很少几个”、“几乎没有”,有否定的意思,a few、a little意思是“有几个”、“有些”,有肯定的意思 ；few、a few与可数名词连用或代替可数的事物, little、a little与不可数名词连用或代替不可数的事物。它们在句中可作主语、宾语和定语。如：
He is very poor and he has little money.(他很穷,几乎没有什么钱。) / Don’t worry. There is still a little time left.(别着急,还有一点儿时间呢。) / In that polar region there live few people.(在那个极地地区几乎不住人) / You can get a few sweets from him.(你可以从他那儿弄到一些糖果)
(9)复合不定代词somebody ,something ,anything, nothing ,everything, everybody等是由
some , any ,no ,every, 加上body, thing 构成的,叫做复合不定代词,在句子中当单数使用。
somebody, something, someone 一般用于肯定句中；anything, anybody,anyone一般用于疑问句、否定句和条件状语从句中。修饰复合不定代词的定语,应放在它们的后面。如：Hey,Lily. There is someone outside the door.(嗨,丽丽,门外有人。) /Di(每个人)d you meet anyone when you came to school last Sunday?(上个星期天你来学校时见到什么人了吗？)/He has nothing much to do today.(他今天没有多少事情做)
(10)one与ones用来代替上文的一个或多个人或事物,前面可以加冠词、形容词、指示代词、
which等。如： Which jacket would you like, this one or that one?(你要哪件夹克,这件还是那件？ / I don’t like the green ones.(我不喜欢绿色的那些)
(11)so可以代替一件事情,作句子的宾语或表语。如： I don’t think so.(我认为不是这样的。)
/ He lost a book. So did I.(他丢失了一本书,我也是。)
(12)a lot of、lots of、a number of( /large numbers of)、a great deal of、plenty of的区别：五
个“名词+介词”短语都表示“大量,许多”,a lot of(或lots of)既可以修饰不可数名词也可以修饰可数名词的复数形式,可以相应地换为much和many；plenty of“足够、大量”,既可以修饰不可数名词也可以修饰可数名词的复数形式。 a number of / large
numbers of只可以修饰可数名词复数形式(它修饰的词作主语时谓语用复数形式)可以换为some、many、a lot of、plenty of。 a great deal of只可以修饰不可数名词(它修饰的词作主语时谓语用单数形式)可以换为much。
如：A lot of people think that time is money.(许多的人认为时间就是金钱。) / I don’t have to do it in a hurry because I have plenty of time.(我用不着赶忙,因为我有充足的时间。) / I have a number of letters to write today.(今天我有好多信要写) / I spend a great deal of time/money on shopping.(在购物方面我花费了大量的时间/金钱。)
(13)none、no one、nobody的区别：no one和nobody都表示“没有人”,仅指人,后面不跟
of 短语,作主语时谓语用单数形式；none表示“没有一个人/物”,可指人也可以指物,后面可跟of短语,作主语时谓语可用单数也可用复数。如：No one knows how he managed to get the ticket.(没有人知道他是怎样搞到那张票的) / Nobody handed in his/their composition(s) yesterday.(昨天没有一个人交作文。) / None of my friends came to see me that day.(那天没有一个朋友来看我。) 9、相互代词：表示相互关系的词叫相互代词。
each other ,one another是相互代词,译成“互相”,可以通用。each other表示两者之间,而one anther表示许多人之间。它们有所有格形式each other’s ,one another’s。如： We must help each other when we are in trouble.(我们身处困境时要互相帮助。) / They sat there without talking to one another / each other.(他们坐在那儿,互相都不说话。) 10、疑问代词：用来提出问题的代词称为疑问代词。
1、who、whom、whose、what、which、whoever、whatever、whichever主要用于特殊
疑问句中,一般放在句首。口语中也常用who代替whom作宾语,但在介词后则只能用whom。如：
Who(m) did you invite to your birthday party?(你都邀请了谁参加你的生日聚会的？) / What does she want to be when she grows up?(她长大了想干什么？)
2、who 和whom只能独立使用,其中who可以作句子的主语、表语或动词的宾语,whom
只能作谓语动词的宾语；而what、which、whose等既可以独立使用作主语、表语和宾语,也可以与名词构成疑问短语。如： Who is that man?(那男的是谁？) / What colour are their hats?(他们的帽子是什么颜色？) / Which car was made in Germany?(哪辆车是德国造的？)(被动句)
注意这个提问：The man in the car is my father.(车里的男人是我父亲)
→Which man is your father?(哪个男人是你的父亲？)
3、which除了可以询问指代的情况之外,还可以针对说明人物的时间、地点、岁数、颜
色、大小、状况等进行提问。如：People there live a very sad life.(那里的人生活凄惨) →Which people live a sad life? (哪些人生活凄惨？)/ --Which hotel have you booked for your holiday?(为了度假你预订了哪家旅馆？)—The biggest one in Haikou.(海口最大的那家旅馆)
4、疑问代词不分单复数,视它所替代的人或事物决定单复数,但是通常用单数；如果修饰
名词,则以名词的单复数为准。如：Who is (are) in that playhouse?(谁在游戏房里？) / What is that? (那是什么？)/ What are those? (那些是什么？) / What colours do they have?(它们有哪些颜色？)
四、数词：
1、分类：数词有基数词和序数词两种。英语的数词可以作句子的主语、宾语、表语和定语。 2、基数词：表示数目的词叫基数词。
1、 英语中常用的基数词有：
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 one two three four five six seven eight nine 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 thirteen fourteen fifteen sixteen seventeen eighteen nineteen 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 twenty thirty forty fifty sixty seventy eighty ninety one(a) hundred 23 35 101 twenty-three thirty-five one hundred and one 10 ten 11 eleven 12 twelve 1000→one(a) thousand,10000→ ten thousand,100000→one hundred thousand ,1000000→one million,10000000→ten million, 100000000→one hundred million,
108→one hundred and eight, 146→one hundred and forty-six, 500→five hundred , 1001→one thousand and one, 1813→one thousand eight hundred and thirteen. 2、[注]：(1)百位与十位之间要加and；十万位和万位,亿位和千万位之间通常也要加and。
(2)英语用千、百万等单位计数,大数字从右向左看, 每隔三位划一逗号,倒数第一
个逗号之前要用thousand,倒数第二个逗号之前要用million,倒数第三的逗号之前要用billion表示。
(3) hundred、 thousand、 million作数词时,不用复数,前面可以加上one, two, …
等其它数词。用作名词时复数表示“成…上…”,后面必须要有of,前面可以加上some,many,several等词。如：five hundred(五百), hundreds of(成百上千的), ten thousand(一万), thousands of(成千上万的), millions of(成百万的)
3、序数词：表示顺序的数词叫序数词。
1、 英语的序数词基本变法：
(1) 一般在基数词后加th,(2)-ve结尾的改为-fth,(3)-ty结尾的改为-tieth,(4)熟记特殊词。
2、序数词如下：
1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th 11th 12th
※first ※second ※third fourth fifth sixth seventh eighth ninth tenth eleventh twelfth
13th 14th 15th 16th 17th 18th 19th
thirteenth fourteenth fifteenth sixteenth seventeenth eighteenth
20th 30th 40th 50th 60th 70th 80th 90th
twentieth thirtieth fortieth fiftieth sixtieth seventieth eightieth ninetieth one undredth
21st 22nd 23rd 35th 101st
twenty-first twenty-second twenty-third
thirty-fifth
one hundred and first
nineteenth 100th