Ʒĵ
1ABӼĺǣAκһԪضBԪأx?AƳx?B 2ABӼʱǼA?B(B?A)ABB A
ӼA?BԪx?Bx?AƼAǼBӼ(proper subset).AB(BA)
涨ռκμϵӼκηǿռϵӼ. 2.뼯֮ġȡϵ
A?BB?AABеԪһģA=B
Ҫڹͣ
κһӼA?A
Ҫϵ 1.
һأڼAڼBԪɵļϣΪABIJABABAB={x|x?Ax?B}
Vennͼʾ
Ҫڹͣ
B,xA?1x?Ax?Bx?A,x?Bx?A,xB?x?
2һϣɼABԪɵļ(ظԪֻ
һ).
2.
һأڼAڼBԪɵļϣABĽABABAB={x|x?Ax?B}Vennͼʾ
Ҫڹͣ
1κ϶йԪأABûйԪʱ˵ABûнAB??
2еġСֵĺǣABеԪضABĹԪءͬʱABĹԪضAB
3һϣɼABйԪɵļ. 3.
Դ ѽʹ
Ʒĵ
ȫһأһϺо漰ԪأôͳΪȫͨU.
ȫUһӼAȫUвڼAԪɵļϳΪAȫUIJ(complementary set)ΪAIJUAUA={x|x?Ux?A}Vennͼʾ
Ҫڹͣ
1ⲹʱӦעⲹeUAǶԸļAU(A?U)ԶԵһһȷļAڲͬļUͬ
2ȫоԵģֻΧо⣬ZΪȫչʵʱRΪȫʱZͲȫ
3eUAʾUΪȫʱAIJȫϣRʱǺСUҲ뻻ӦļϣeRA
4.ϻһЩ
A?B?AA?B?BA?A=AA??=?A?B=B?A
A?A?BB?A?BA?A=AA??=AA?B=B?A
((UA)?A=? UA)?A=UAB=AA?B֮Ҳ AB=BA?B֮Ҳ
x?(AB)x?Ax?B x?(AB)x?Ax?B
ϵIJǼϼĻ㣬ȻǼϣֽ벢Ĺؼǡҡ롰ڴйؽ벢ʱ۳ȥʾھVennͼüԱǿνϵ˼뷽. ⡿
һϼĹϵ
1. A??a|a?2k,k?N?B??b|b???1?n2??1?(?1)?(n?1),n?N?ôA,B??8?ϵǣ .
A. AB B. BA C. A=B D.϶ 𰸡B
оٷʾABж֮Ĺϵ.֪AǷǸż
Դ ѽʹ
Ʒĵ
?0(nΪǸżʱ)1?n2?A??0,2,4,6,8,????.BеԪb??.1?(?1)?(n?1)??1??8(n?1)(n?1)(nΪʱ)??41(n?1)(n?1)nΪʱʾ0żDZʾеżn?1,3,5,7,???.41(n?1)(n?1)ε0,2,6,12???B??0261220????. 4֪BAӦѡB.
ܽжϼĹϵĹؼڣŪϵԪصĹɣҲŪЩԪɵ.ҪѽΪļϾ廯оٷʾϣVennͼμϱʾ.
һ
ʽ1A??x|x?2k?1,k?z?,B??x|x?4l?1,l?z? . A. AB B. BA C. A=B D.AB?Z
𰸡C
2. д{abc}вͬӼ.
κԪӼΪ?ֻ1ԪصӼΪ{a}{b}{c}2ԪصӼ{a
3
b}{ac}{bc}3ԪصӼΪ{abc}3ԪصļϹ2=8ͬӼ.ӵ4Ԫd8Ӽ¼ϵӼٽ4Ԫd8ӼУ
4
õµ8Ӽ4ԪصļϹ2=16ͬӼɴ˿Ʋ⣬nԪصļ
n
2ͬӼ.
ܽҪдһϵӼǿӼԪظĶֱд.ԪظͬʱӦνÿԪؿдʣµӼ.籾Ҫд2ԪصӼʱȴaaÿԪش{ab}{ac}ȻaٿbЩԪش伴.ͬʱҪעӼ?.
һ ʽ1֪?a,b??A?a,b,c,d,e?ļA .
𰸡7 ʽ22016 տһģ֪A={123}ƽԣxyΪĵ㼯B={xyxAyAx+yA}BӼΪ
A3 B4 C7 D8 𰸡D
A={123}ƽԣxyΪĵ㼯B={xyxAyAx+yA}
B={111221} BӼΪ23=8 ѡD
2222
3A={x|y=x+1}B={y|y=x+1}C={(x,y)|y=x+1}D={y=x+1}Ƿʾͬһϣ 𰸡ĸ϶ͬ
22
A={x|y=x+1}ĴԪΪxʼAʾǺy=x+1ԱxȡֵΧĶA=(??,??)
Դ ѽʹ
Ʒĵ
B={y|y=x+1}ĴԪΪyʼBʾǺy=x+1кֵyȡֵΧֵB=[1,??)
C={(x,y)|y=x+1}ĴԪΪ㣨xyʼCʾy=x+1ϵеɵļϣ
22
D={y=x+1}оٷʾļϣüֻһԪأy=x+1
ܽ弯ϵԣͻƴĹؼ.ӦŪϵıʾоٷζʾļһҪԪأȷԴԪص
һ
ʽ1 輯M?{(x,y)|y?3x?4}N?{(x,y)|y??3x?2}MA. {?1,1} B. {x??1,y?1} C.(?1,1) D. {(?1,1)} 𰸡D
ųMNǵ㼯M2
2
2
2
N?
Nֻǵ㼯ѡAʾԪϣѡB
ʾԪʽϣѡCʾ(?1,1)ϣһ꣨Ǽϣ˿жѡD
ʽ2 輯M?{x|y?2x?1,x?Z}MNĹϵǣ N?{y|y?2x?1,x?Z}
A. NM B. MN C. N?M D. N𰸡A
Mʾy?2x?1,x?ZĶM?{}
Nʾy?2x?1,x?ZֵN?{}ѡA.
ϵĸʾϵ 377430 2
22
ʽ3 M={x|x=a+1a?N+}N={x|x=b-4b+5b?N+}MN( ) A. M=N B. MN C. NM D. MN=?
𰸡B
2
a?N+ʱԪx=a+1ʾƽ1Ӧb?N+ʱԪ22
x=b-4b+5=(b-2)+1b-20ԼNԪȻƽ1ӦMԪضNУNһԪx=1MУMNѡB.
ϵĸʾϵ 377430 3
4
֪
M??
M?{x,xy,x?y},N?{0,x,y},M=N
01000(x?y)?(x2?y2)???(x1?y)=
A200 B200 C100 D0
˼·㲦ӦӼԪص֣ӦؿǼԪصĻԣ 𰸡D
Դ ѽʹ