130. A is not advantage of highway transportation. A. Fast speed B. Flexibility
C. Providing door-to-door service D. Carrying a variety of parcel sizes
二．填空题：
131. Engineers often work as consultants to architectural or construction firms. 132. Young engineers may choose to go into environmental or sanitary engineering. 133. It is sufficient in order to create a legally binding , if the parties express their agreement and intention to enter into such a contract.
134. One party to the contract is liable for breach of contract if he fails to perform his part of the agreement.
135. Clearing the site precedes all grading and most other construction operations. 136. Loose rock includes materials such as rotten or weathered rock, or earth mixed with boulders.
137. No attempt was made to control moisture content or to secure compaction. 138. The redesign of windshield wipers, fresh air ventilating systems, had result in greater vehicle safety.
139. The safe performance of the brake system has been ensured by the use of heavy-duty brake fluid.
140. Relocation and reduction in height of the brake pedal has meant that the driver?s total reaction time has been reduced.
141. Areas of research connected with civil engineering include soil mechanics and __ soil
stabilization ____ techniques.
142. Modern cement, called ___ Portland cement ___, was invented in 1824.
143. Material for embankment commonly comes from roadway cuts or designated ___ borrow
areas ___.
144. Causes of automobile accidents can be categorized into four major groups: the vehicles, the
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road, the driver, the ____ pedestrain __ .
145. Another improvement in driver visibility is the introduction of the remote-controlled outside ___ rearview ___ mirror.
146. Rock nearly always must be drilled and blasted, then loaded with a front-end loader or __
power shovel ____ into trucks or other hauling units.
147. The three forces that can act on a structure are vertical force , horizontal force, and those that act upon it with a rotating or turning motion.
148. Highway pavements are divided into two main categories: ___ rigid ___ and flexible. 149. Flexible pavements are further divided into three subgroups: high type, ___ intermediate ___, and low type.
150. The constructing steps of the transportation system are to plan, design, build, operate and __
maintain ___.
151. The unit price contract is adapted to highway engineering, because usually it is not possible
to determine exact quantities of some items of work __ before ____ construction is completed. 152. The word ?contract? is derived from the Latin ?contractum?, meaning ___ drawn ___together.
153. As a structural material, the enormous advantage of steel is its __ tensile strength ____. 154. ___ Highway transportation ___ is the dominant transportation mode in passenger travel. 155. The Portland cement concrete commonly used for rigid pavements consists of Portland cement, coarse aggregate, __ fine aggregate ____, water.
156. Rigid highway pavement can be divided into three general types: plain concrete pavements, simply reinforced concrete and __ continuously reinforced concrete ____pavements. 157. The simplest and generally least costly form of interchange is the __ diamond ____. 158. If distances are great and time is at a premium, ___ air ___ transportation will be selected. 159. Signing for freeways should be planned concurrently with the __ geometry ____ design. 160. Major drainage structures are usually large bridges and multi-span __ culverts ____. 161. The weight of the structure itself is known as dead load . 16
162. Prestressed concrete is an improved form of reinforcement.
163. A simple contract consists of an agreement entered into by two or more parties. 164. This sum is known as ? retention money? and serves to insure the employer against any defects that may arise in the work.
165. Thus, On-the-job training can be acquired to translate theory into practice to the supervisors.
166. Large projects ordinarily employ several engineers whose work is coordinated by a
systems engineer .
167. Traffic loads are transferred by the wearing surface to the underlying supporting materials through the interlocking of aggregates, the frictional effect of granular materials , and cohesion of the fine materials.
168. Excavation is the process of loosening and removing earth or rock and transporting it to a fill or to a waste deposit . 169. When planning a structure, an engineer must take into account four factors: dead load, live
load , impact and safety factor. 170. The new design standards require guard rails and other structures to lessen a vehicle?s impact.
171. People select air transportation to carry important goods when time is at a premium. 172. The benefit-cost ratio method is used for evaluating the economical and environmental feasibility of the alternative routes.
173. A unique bridge site or a mountain pass also mat become a primary control point . 174. The radius of a tangent is infinite , and that of a curve is finite. 175.Using collector-distributor roads can overcome weaving movement of the cloverleaf interchange.
三．阅读理解题：
Passage One
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Research is one of the most important aspects of scientific and engineering practice. A
researcher usually works as a member of a team with other scientists and engineers. He or she is often employed in a laboratory that is financed by government or industry. Areas of research connected with civil engineering include soil mechanics and soil stabilization techniques, and also the development and the testing of new structural materials.
176. Research is one of ____B__ aspects of scientific and engineering practice. A. the most useless B. the most important C. the most unnecessary
177. A researcher is often employed C . A. on a farm B. in a library C. in a laboratory
178. A researcher usually works as a member of a team with C . A. farmers and scientists B. engineers and farmers C. scientists and engineers
179. Which of the following is true? A
A. Civil engineering research doesn?t include only soil mechanics and soil stabilization, but
also the development of new structural materials
B. Civil engineering research doesn?t include soil mechanics and soil stabilization C. Civil engineering research doesn?t include the development of new structural materials
Passage Two
The current tendency is to develop lighter materials. Aluminum, for example, weighs much
less than steel but has many of the same properties. Aluminum beams have already been used for bridge construction and for the framework of a few buildings.
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