我军的现代化, 就是要有一支强大的陆军空军海军, 要有现代化的武器装备, 包括导弹和核武器, 要严格训练, 要按实战要求苦练过硬的杀敌本领, 熟练掌握使用现代化武器装备的新技术, 以及随之而来的新技术.
Our army’s modernization calls for powerful ground, air and naval forces and modern arms and equipment, including guided missiles and nuclear weapons; it call for rigorous and hard training to develop the ability to wipe out the enemy as required in actual combat; it calls for mastery of the new techniques involved in handling modern arms and equipment and of the new tactics entailed.
第八节 转态译法
这里说的语态是指主动语态和被动语态, 这两种语态在英汉两种语言中的使用情况是很不相同的：英语大量使用被动语态，而汉语则很少使用，即便使用, 也不像英语那样有固定或比较统－的构成形式。比如说,汉语的被动不是只用一“被”字表示。因此在英汉互译中，要经常变换语态，以使译文符合习惯用法。显得地道而自然。试看译例：
1) She hadn't been told Bette’s other name, or she’d forgotten it. (Jack Lindsay, Betrayed Spring)
人家没告诉过她蓓蒂姓什么，要不然也许是她忘了.
2) His successes were so repeated that no wonder the envious and the vanquished spoke sometimes with bitterness regarding them. (W. M. Thackeray, Vanity Fair)
他赢钱的次数那么多, 无怪乎眼红的人, 赌输的人, 有时说起这事便要发牢骚.
3) Many voices have been raised demanding the setting up of an Arab common market.
许多人要求建立一个阿拉伯共同市场.
4) He said he was assured by the State Department that the U.S. is willing to normalize relations with his country.
他说, 国务院向他担保美国愿意同他的国家恢复正常关系.
5) The coming physics examination is said to be rather difficult, so we must get well prepared for it.
即将举行的物理考试据说相当困难，所以我们必须做好充分准备。 6)If bad weather is expected, the forecaster must be able to suggest another airport within the range of the aircraft where the weather will be suitable for landing.
如果预计天气恶劣, 天气预报人员必须能够在该飞机航程内提出另一个天气适合着陆的机场.
7) The Wright brothers were highly praised for having made the first flight in the world.
莱特兄弟因为进行了世界上第一次飞行而受到了高度赞扬.
8)Much has been said about the complication of the nuclear power station reactor.
有关原子能电站反应堆的复杂性已经谈得很多了.
9) Since the first test of the atomic bomb the world has learnt the atom can be split and its power can be used.
自从第一颗原子弹试验以来, 全世界都已知道, 原子可分裂, 原子能可利用.
10) The expansion of metals on heating must be taken into consideration before a long metal bridge is built.
在建造一座金属大桥前, 对金属受热膨胀这一现象必须加以考虑. 11) The new Command having been installed, my work there was done, and I returned to give my report to the House.
新的司令部成立后, 我在那儿的任务就完了, 于是我就回国向下院作汇报.
12)The visitor was flattered and impressed. 这位客人受宠若惊, 深为感动.
13) 说话时, 已摆上茶果上来.(曹雪芹<红楼梦>) Meanwhile refreshments had been served.
14) 至晚饭后, 宝玉因吃了两杯酒, 眼烫耳热之际, 若往日则有袭人等大家喜笑有兴,今日却冷清清的一人对灯,好没兴趣.
After dinner, flushed by a few cups of wine, Baoyu would normally have amused himself with Xiren and the others; but this evening he sat all alone, disconsolate, by the lamp. .(曹雪芹<红楼梦>)
15)马路两旁是整齐的梧桐树. (周而复<上海的早晨>)
The avenue was lined with neatly-spaced plane trees.
16) 全国同胞们, 中华人民共和国现已宣告成立.(<毛泽东选集>第五卷) Fellow-countrymen, the founding of the People’s Republic of China is proclaimed.
从上面例句中,可归纳如下关于英汉互译中语态变换的一些规则: 一. 英语被动句译成汉语主动句, 是最常见的方法 (一) 原文主语在译文中仍作主语 (二) 原文主语在译文中作宾语 (三) 译成带表语的主动句
(四) 注意英语常用被动句型的汉语习惯译法. It is hoped that? 希望? It is reported that?据报道? It is said that? 据说?
It is supposed that ?据推测?
It must be admitted that ?必须承认? It must be pointed out that ? 必须指出? It is asserted that ?有人主张? It is believed that? 有人相信? It is well known that?众所周知? It will be said that?人们会说? It was told that?.人们曾说? I was told that?我听说?
二. 译成汉语被动句: 除用 “被”字外, 还可以用 “受到” “遭到” “为?所?” 等字眼.
三. 译成含有 “把” “使” 或 “由”等字眼的汉语句子. 第九节 褒贬译法
词汇按照语法中的词性可以分成名词、代词、动词，形容词、副词、介词和叹词等；词汇按照感情色彩可分为褒义、贬义和中性。在翻译过程中，词汇的词性并不是原封不动地从原文搬到译文，而要根据译文的语言习惯进行；词汇感情色彩的翻译一般应严格按照原文的精神来进行．而不是像词汇的词性翻译那样受译文的支配．也就是说，褒义词必须翻译成褒义词，贬义词必须译成贬义词，中性词也应译成中性词．让我们一起来看下面的例子。
1）The boy is appreciated by all his teacher for his carefulness in his homework.
这个男孩因功课做得仔细认真而受到所有老师的赞赏。
2) In fact, it is his meticulousness that is preventing him from making any progress in his research work
事实上，正是因为他的谨小慎微，他的研究工作得不到任何进展。 3）Her husband was a brave pilot during the Second World War. 她的丈夫是二战期间一位勇敢的飞行员·
4) The reckless driver died in the traffic accident. 那个莽撞的驾车人在这次车祸中丧生
5) These buys are big enough to be self-respecting. 这些男孩大了，应该有自尊心了
6) She is quite unpopular among her colleagues for she is so egotistic. 她在同事中间非常吃不开，因为她太自私自利了．
7) We need tough-minded soldiers in our army我们军队需要意志坚强的士兵
8) He did not yield in the face of the ruthless enemies 他在凶残的敌人面前没有屈服
9）He is respected by his people for his foresightedness. 他由于富于远见而受到了人们的尊敬．
10) I always considered him calculating and mercenary and did my best to avoid him
我一向认为他这个人攻于心计又唯利是图，所以总是尽力设法避开他。 11) Many people think that he is one of the most ambitious politicians of our times. 很多人认为他是现今最有野心的政客之一
12) Although he is very young, he is very ambitious in his research work. 他虽然很年轻，但是在研究工作中很有雄心壮志
13) The stubborn boy refused to listen to his parents ' advice 这个犟男孩不肯听父母的忠告
14) The invaders met a stubborn resistance from the local people. 侵略者遭到了当地人民顽强的抵抗
15）She is fidgety and restless. 她生性急躁好动． 16) All the inventors have a restless mind 所有的发明家都有一个思想活跃的头脑
17) As luck would have it, no one was in the building when the explosion occurred. 真幸运，发生爆炸时大楼里刚巧没有人．
18) As luck would have it, there was rain on the day of the picnic. 真不凑巧，野餐那天下雨了．
19) The old couple made a persistent effort to search for their daughter lost in the war.
这对年老的夫妇执着地寻找着他们在战争中丢失的女儿。 20) She was vexed by the persistent ringing of the phone. 她被没完没了的电话铃声搞的心烦意乱。 21) 他们忠心耿耿地报效于自己的祖国和人民·
They serve their motherland and people with loyalty and devotion. 22) 这些死心塌地的纳粹分子为他们的第三帝国效命.
These die-hard Nazis went all out to serve their Third Reich.
23）几个月的林雪生活，既锻炼了他们的机智英勇，又锻炼了他们坚韧不拔的毅力．（曲波《林海雪原》）
Several months in the snowy forest have forged their cleverness and courage and given them a firm and indomitable will. 24) 没想到他们的封建思想是那样顽固不化.
I did not expect that their feudal ideas would be so incorrigibly obstinate
25）这位导演别具匠心，在剧中安排了一场演员走到观众当中的戏。
The director showed his ingenuity by arranging a scene in which the actors went into the audience of the play. 26) 这家伙老是别出心裁，招摇撞骗。
That guy is always trying to be different so as to swindle and bluff． 27) 这位女明星在舞会上真是仪态万方,
The film actress appeared in all her glory at the ball.. 28) 这个政客在那场辩论中真是丑态百出。
That politician acted like a buffoon during that debate. 29) 张将军真是足智多谋啊！
General Zhang is really wise and resourceful. 30) 那个敌参谋长可是诡计多端的呀！
That enemy chief of staff has a whole bag of tricks. 31) 这位小姑娘长得真好看
She is certainly a pretty little girl． 32) 那个小偷被送到派出所去了。
That petty thief has been sent to the police station. 33) 他久久地站在人民大会堂前。
He stood before the Great Hall of the People for a long time. 34）叫那些人不要大吵大闹。
Tell those people to stop making such a terrific din. 35) 她父亲是一位有名的外科医生。 Her father is a famous surgeon. 36）黄金荣是上海有名的大流氓。