英汉翻译技巧

词序调整法的英语inversion一词、不能译成“倒译”、“倒译法”,或颠倒词序”之类,否则容易和语法中的“倒装”概念相混淆.Inversion作为一种翻译技巧,其意思为,翻译时对词序作必要或必不可少的改变,并不只是纯粹的颠倒词序或倒装.

某些语言学家所说的九种倒装,是语法概念。是指同一种语言内的倒装情况, 有其各自独特的语言构成方式.这些情况与方式和它们被译成另一种语言后的语言构成形式并非完全相同。试对照每种倒装例句的英文表达及其译文

1.Interrogative inversion(疑问倒装)What did you do yesterday?(你昨天干什么?)

2. Imperative inversion(命令倒装): “Speak you,” said Mr. Black, “speak you, good fellow!”(布莱克先生命令道:“说,说吧! 伙计!”〕 3. Exclamatory inversion(惊叹倒装):How dreadful is this place!(这地方好可怕啊!)

4. Hypothetical inversion(假设倒装):Had you come yesterday, you could have seen him here.(要是你昨天来了, 你就会在这里看到他的.) 5. Balance inversion(平衡倒装):Through a gap came an elaborately described ray.(从一个空洞透出一束精心描绘的光线。)

6. Link inversion(衔接倒装)On this depends the whole argument(整个争论都以此为论据.)

7. Signpost inversion(点题倒装)By strategy is meant something wider(战略的意义比较广)

8. Negative inversion(否定倒装):Not a word did he say. (他只字未说)

9. Metrical inversion(韵律倒装): 在诗行中常用此倒装. 如:As pants the hart for cooling streams. (在一般散文或小说中的正常语序中着行诗应为: As the hart pants for cooling streams.意思为:因为公鹿渴望清凉的小溪)

上述九条可说明:语法倒装一般是指主语与谓语或谓语的一部分颠倒位置,而翻译中的Inversion是指译文与原文相比,词序发生了变化.故名 “词序调整法”.

词序调整在英汉互译中运用是非常普遍的,不管是短语的翻译,或是句子的翻译,都是如此. 一、短语翻译

1,Professor Wang 王教授

2 Mr. Stevenson 史蒂文森先生 3.Room 101 101房间 4.Page 15 第15页

5 .March the first, 1941 1941年3月1日

6.The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China 中国共产党中央委员会

7. Southwest University of Science & Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan 四川绵阳西南科技大学 8. tough-minded 意志坚强的 9. heart-warming 暖人心的 10. well-conducted 行为端正的

11. ill-tempered 脾气不好的 12 East China 华东 13. northeast 东北 14.southwest 西南

15.north,south, east and west 东西南北

Can we forge against these enemies a grand and global alliance, North and South, East and West, that can assure a more fruitful life for all mankind? Will you join in that historic effort?

我们能不能在东西南北各地建立起一个对付这些敌人 的全球联盟, 以保证全人类享有更为丰裕的生活?你们 是否愿意参与这一历史的努力? 16,Comrade Zhang,

Protocol Department, Ministry of Foreign Affairs 外交部礼宾司张同志

17.Major-General Mohammed Khan, The First Brigade, The Sixth Division, Pakistan Army

巴基斯坦陆军第六师第一旅穆罕默德·汗少将

18.( The tea-party was given by) Mr. Smith, senior correspondent of The Times, London.

(这个茶会是由)伦敦《泰晤士报》的高级记者史密斯先生(举行的) 19.Every student of the class 班上每一个学生(不能译成 “每个学生的班”或“每个班上的学生”)

20.all Party resolutions党的一切决议(绝对不能译成:一 切党的决议) 1) About 1840, a canal was constructed across the meadows of the Marsh Farm. (D. H. Lawrence,, The Rain-bow,)大约在1840年,横穿马什农场的草地开凿了一条运河。( X大约在1840年,一条运河被建在横穿马什农场的草地上.)(主语换序)

2) It's good you’re so considerate.你想得这样周到是很好的。(X这是很好的你想得这样周到.)(主语从句换序)

3) Formerly a worker himself, he was now an engineer。.他过去是工人, 现在当了工程师了·(X以前的工人,他是现在一个工程师)(同位语换序) 4)Even the wild animals of his homeland,it seemed to Kunta,had more dignity than these creatures. (Alex Haley,Roots)昆塔觉得,即使他家乡的野兽 也比这群人自尊自重。(X即使他家乡的野兽,昆塔觉得,也比这些家伙有更多的尊严.)(插入语换序)

5) From the moment they set foot on the territory of their motherland, they were warmly received by their compatriots.他们从走上祖国土地的时刻起,就受到同胞们热情接待。(×从那个时刻他们走上土地起??)(定语从句换序) 6)On and on Byron talked.(Herman wouk, The Winds of War)

拜伦滔滔不绝地讲述着。(×滔滔不绝地拜伦讲述着。)(状语换序)

7) But before she want to join her husband in the Belgic capital, Mrs. Crawley made an expedition into England ,leaving behind her little son upon the

Continent, under the care of her French maid. (W. M. Thackeray, Vanity Fair) 克劳莱太太到比利时首都去找丈夫以前,先到英国去了一趟,叫那法国女佣人带着儿子留在欧洲大陆。(×?..把她的儿子留在欧洲大陆上,让他在她的法国女佣人的照顾之下。)(状语换序)

8) Cheerful ,efficient and warm-hearted, they will do everything to make your

journey smooth and comfortable. 他们乐观、能干、热情,总是想方设法使你一路上顺利舒服。(×乐观、能干、热情,他们总是??)(状语移位,并转变为谓语)

9)Send us a message in case you have any difficulty. 万一有什么困难,请给我们一个信。(×请给我们一个信,万一你们有什么困难。)(“如果”、“虽然”也有放在后半句的,但这样过于欧化的状语从句还是少用为好。)(状语从句换序)

I0)Never before has our country been as united as it is today .今天,我们的国家空前团结。(×从来没有以前我们国家??)(倒装句换序)

11)在那场战争中,这道城墙开始出现许多裂痕。Many cracks began to appear on the city wall during that war .(X during that war ,the city wall began to have many cracks.) (主语换序) l2)发生了这样的事不是你的错。It’s not your fault that this has happened.(× That this has happened is not your fault.这样翻译过于正规,在文体上与原文不符)(主语从句换序) 13〕一个瘦弱多病的女孩子,以她坚强的毅力写出了一部催人奋进的小说. She, a thin and weak girl susceptible to diseases, wrote one inspiring novel after another with her strong will.(× a thin and weak girl susceptible to diseases, she wrote one inspiring novel after another with her strong will .)(主语换序) 14〕刘四爷没答碴儿,想了想,问道:“话匣子呢?唱唱!”(老舍《骆驼祥子》)Fourth Master Liu did not answer ---he was thinking .“Where the

gramophone?” he asked presently .“let’s have a song!”(谓语换序)

15)她认真热情,一字不漏地记下了所说的话。Conscientious and eager ,she took down what was said ,careful not to miss a word .(谓语和状语换序) 16) 东西越小,地心引力对它的吸力就越小,重量也就越轻。

The smaller the thing the less the pull of gravity on it and the less the weight.

(×The thing the smaller the pull of gravity on it the less and the weight the less.)(表语换序)

17)一直在一旁观看的小学生们开始鼓起掌来。The pupils that had been watching started to applaud. (× The always watching pupils started to applaud.)(定语从句换序) 18)她每天早上教我们学法语。She teaches us French every morning.( × She every morning teaches us French)(状语换序)

19)会议没能取得一致意见就结束了。The meeting ended in disagreement. ( ×The meeting didn’t achieve agreement and ended.)(状语换序) 20)我们还在一切老解放区大大推广了农业生产互助组的组织。We greatly extended the organization of agricultural producers’ mutual-aid teams in all the old liberated areas.( × We in all the old liberated areas greatly??〔状)语换序;定语换序)

下面再看较为复杂的换序译法

21)He witnessed ①the sixth② post-war③ economic crisis④ of serious consequence⑤ that prevailed in various fields ⑥ in the USA. 他亲眼目睹了⑥美国②战后①第六次④后果严重的⑤波及各个领域的③经济危机。

(英语原文定语的词序:①次第定语、②时间定语、③本质性定语、★中心词、④判断性定语、⑤陈述行定语、⑥国别定语;

汉语译文定语的词序:⑥国别定语、②时间定语、①次第 定语、④判断性定语、⑤陈述性定语、③本质性定语、★中心词)

22)这三个县经历了①那场②中国③七十年代④ 第四次⑤极为严重的 ⑥遍及数省的⑦自然灾害. The three counties underwent ①the ④fourth ⑤most serious ⑦natural disaster ⑥that plagued several provinces ②in China③ in the 1970’s

(汉语原文定语的词序:①限定性定语、②国别定语、③时间定语、④次第定语、 ⑤判断性定语、⑥陈述性定语、⑦本质性定语、★中心词;

英语译文定语的词序:①限定性定语、④次第定语、⑤判断性定语、⑦本质性定语、★中心词、⑥陈述性定语、②国别定语、③时间定语)

23)①For this reason, our company explained ②solemnly ③to your

company ④many times⑤ in February⑥ last year. 我公司①为此⑥于去年⑤二月②郑重地④多次③向贵公司表示。

(英语原文状语的词序:①目的状语、☆主语、★谓语、②方式状语、③指涉状语、④频度状语、⑤时间状语中的月份,⑥时间状语中的年份;

汉语译文状语的语序:☆主语①目的状语、⑥时间状语中的年份、⑤时间状语中的月份、②方式状语、④频度状语、③指涉状语、★谓语)

24)我们①为顾全大局②于同年③秋末④在第三方的调停下⑤开诚布公地⑥多次⑦强烈要求贵方赔偿我们的一切损失。

④With the third party acting as an intermediary,① to take the interest of the whole into account, we ⑦strongly demand ⑤with frankness and sincerity ⑥many times ③at the end of the autumn ②of the same year that you should compensate all our losses.

(汉语原文状语的词序:☆主语、①目的状语、②时间状语中的年份、③时间状语中的季节、④条件状语、⑤方式状语、⑥频度状语、⑦程度状语、★谓语、Ξ宾语;

英语译文状语的词序:④条件状语、①目的状语、☆主语、⑦程度状语,★谓语、⑤方式状语、⑥频度状语、③时间状语中的季节、②时间状语中的年份、Ξ宾语 上面前二十个例子主要是对句子中语法成分在次序上进行调整,牵涉部分都在一两个;而后四个例子是对那些中心词(划有粗底线)的修饰语法进行换序翻译法,每个划粗底线的中心词都有六七个修饰语(前两句中的均为定语,后两句中的均为状语).

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