2019年上海市奉贤区高考英语一模试卷
参考答案与试题解析
II. Grammar and Vocabulary 1．（15分）
To Be Joyful， To Be Young
What really works to make sustainable changes in diet and lifestyle？ It's probably not what you think． In the past 30 years of conducting clinical research， I （1） have learned （learn） that real keys are pleasure， joy and freedom． Joy of living is sustainable； fear of dying is not．
Why？ Because life is to be enjoyed． There's no point （2） abandoning （abandon） something you enjoy unless you get something back that's even better， and quickly． When people eat more healthfully，（3） quit （quit） smoking， and manage stress better， they find they feel so much better， so quickly． It reconstructs the reason for making these changes from fear of dying to joy of living．
When you exercise and eat right， your brain receives more blood flow and oxygen， so you become smarter， have more energy， and need less sleep． Two studies showed just walking for three hours per week for only three months caused so many neurons（神经细胞） （4） to grow （grow） that it actually increased the size of people's brains!
Your face receives more blood flow， so your skin glows more and wrinkles less． You look younger and more attractive． In contrast， an unhealthy diet， lasting emotional stress and smoking reduce blood flow to your face （5） so you age more quickly． Smoking speeds up aging because nicotine contributes to your blood vessel becoming narrower， （6） which decreases blood flow to your face and makes it wrinkle prematurely． This is why smokers look years older than they really are．
One of the most interesting findings was that the mothers' awareness of stress was more important than （7） what was objectively occurring in their lives． （8） Given/Having been given （give） a questionnaire， the women were asked to rate on a three﹣point scale how stressed they felt each day． The women who realized they were under heavy stress had significantly shortened and damaged telomeres（染色体端粒） compared with （9） those
第13页（共34页）
who felt more relaxed． Contrarily， some of the women who felt relaxed （10） without raising a disabled child had more normal﹣appearing telomeres． In other words， if you feel stressed， you are stressed． 【考点】N6：语法填空．
【分析】文章讲述了好心情对于健康的影响，越快乐心情越轻松的人更容易保持年轻． 【解答】1． have learned．考查时态，根据前面的in the past 30 years，可知是段时间，应该使用现在完成时态，故填have learned．
2． abandoning．考查非谓语，there be句型中，is是动词，所以后面使用现在分词，放弃你喜欢的东西没有意义，故填abandoning．
3． quit．考查动词，when引导的时间状语从句，quit是主句谓语动词，与manage并列，故填quit．
4． to grow．考查不定式，cause sb to do sth：使某人做某事，故填to grow． 5． so．考查连词，所以你就老的更快，表示递进，故填so．
6． which．考查连词，which指代your blood vessel becoming narrower，在定语从句中做主语，故填关系代词which．
7． what．考查连词，what引导的宾语从句，因为从句中缺少主语，故填what． 8． Given/Having been given．考查非谓语，the women与give之间是动宾关系，所以使用过去分词作状语，故填 Given/Having been given．
9． those．考查代词，those指代那些人，在定语从句中做主语，故填those．
10． without．考查介词，不需要抚养残疾孩子的女性，结合句意以及后面的raising，可知填without．
【点评】对于语法填空这类题，一是懂得分析句子结构，二是知道充当各个句子成分的词类或词性，从语法上确定答案，当然，对于某些固定搭配也要牢记，在平时的学习中要多积累这些词汇或短语，对于句子使用的时态语态也要通过语境进行确定． 2．（15分）
A． uprising E． features I． inhabited B． original F． luxuriously J． matters C． frequently G． captured K． ranks D． spectacular H． approaches Welcome to Windsor Castle
第14页（共34页）
Windsor Castle is the oldest and largest occupied castle in the world and the Official Residence of the Queen of Britain． Over a period of nearly 1，000 years it has been（1） I continuously， and altered and redecorated by monarchs（君主） one after the other． Some were great builders， strengthening the Castle against （2） A and rebellion； others， living in more peaceful times， created a grand Royal residence． William the Conqueror chose the site， high above the river Thames and on the edge of a Saxon hunting ground． It was a day's march from the Tower of London and intended to guard the western （3） H to the capital． The outer walls of today's structure are in the same position as those of the （4） B castle built by William the Conqueror in the 1070s．The Queen uses the Castle both as a private home， where she usually spends the weekend， and as a Royal residence at which she undertakes certain formal duties． Windsor Castle is （5） C used by the Queen to host State Visits from overseas monarchs and presidents． Every year the Queen takes up official residence in Windsor Castle for a month over Easter （March﹣April）．
The Castle is huge， so people tend to head for the most（6） D bits﹣﹣﹣the State Apartments， St． George's Chapel， the Gallery and the delightful Queen Mary's Dolls House． Works of art， antique furniture， curiosities and impressive architecture reflect the tastes of many different royal generations． The State Apartments are（7） F decorated formal rooms still used for state and official functions．
The magnificent and beautiful St． George's Chapel was started in 1475 by Edward IV and was completed 50 years later by Henry VIII． It （8） K among the finest examples of late medieval architecture in the UK．
The Drawings Gallery（9） E the exhibition \： 60 Photographs for 60 Years\． The exhibition presents portraits of the Queen（10） G in brief moments on both official occasions and at relaxed family gatherings． 【考点】N8：选词填空．
【分析】本文介绍了一次照片展览会．这次展览展示了女王在正式场合和轻松的家庭聚会上短暂瞬间的照片． 【解答】IAHBC DFKEG
1．I．句意理解题．根据句意可知，在近1000年的时间里，它一直有人居住，并由君主一个接一个地改变和重新装饰．故选I．
第15页（共34页）
2．A．句意理解题．根据句意可知，有些人是伟大的建筑工人，他们加固城堡以抵抗起义和叛乱．故选A．
3．H．句意理解题．根据句意可知，从伦敦塔出发有一天的路程，目的是守卫通往首都的西方通道．故选H．
4．B．句意理解题．根据句意可知，今天建筑的外墙与1070年代征服者威廉建造的原始城堡的外墙位置相同．故选B．
5．C．句意理解题．根据句意可知，温莎城堡经常被女王用来接待海外君主和总统的国事访问．故选C．
6．D．句意理解题．根据句意可知，城堡很大，所以人们倾向于去最壮观的地方﹣﹣国家公寓．故选D．
7．F．句意理解题．根据句意可知，国家公寓是装饰豪华的正式房间，仍然用于国家和官方活动．故选F．
8．K．句意理解题．根据句意可知，它是英国中世纪晚期建筑的典范之一．故选K． 9．E．句意理解题．根据句意可知，图片馆展出了\女王：60年来的60张照片\．故选E． 10．G．句意理解题．根据句意可知，这次展览展示了女王在正式场合和轻松的家庭聚会上短暂瞬间的照片．故选G．
【点评】本题题型为选词填空．在选择给定词语时，再考虑句子大意的前提下，还应该注意句子所用的时态，以及所填写的词在句子中的位置．通过这些判断， 以符合题目要求．
III. Reading Comprehension 3．（30分）
\
People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviour are formed． However， it is not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not， or why one is cooperative and another is （1） C ．
Social scientists are of course （2） B interested in these types of questions． They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviour． There are no clear answers yet， but two （3） A schools of thought on the matter have developed． As one might expect， the two approaches are very different from each other， and there is a great deal of debate between （4） D of each theory． The controversy（争
第16页（共34页）